An raba tsarin PV zuwa hanyoyi guda biyar:
1. Amfani da kai, ragowar wutar lantarki akan grid
2. Amfani da kai, ragowar wutar lantarki daga grid
3. Cikakken grid
4. Rashin wutar lantarki da kuma Kunnawa/Kashe wutar lantarki
5. Amfani da kai, makamashi mai yawa zuwa ga ɗaure
Amfani da kai, ragowar wutar lantarki akan grid
Wannan samfurin tsarin photovoltaic shine mafi yawan amfani, tsarin wutar lantarki na photovoltaic da aka rarraba gabaɗaya ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin wannan samfurin.
Ana iya amfani da wutar lantarki da tsarin wutar lantarki ke samarwa da farko don biyan nauyinta, kuma ana iya sayar da ƙarin ga kamfanin wutar lantarki don guje wa ɓatar da ita; idan wutar lantarki da ake samarwa da wutar lantarki ba ta isa ba, wutar lantarki za ta samar da ita. Duk da haka, wannan hanyar samun dama tana buƙatar yin shawarwari da kamfanin wutar lantarki mai kyau da yarjejeniyar tallace-tallace ta wutar lantarki, la'akari da muradun ɓangarorin biyu. Kamfanonin wutar lantarki suna sanya mitoci masu wayo biyu don auna ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki da kuma yawan makamashin da masu amfani da wutar lantarki ke amfani da shi, da kuma biyan ko karɓar kuɗin wutar lantarki bisa ga manufofi da jadawalin kuɗin da aka yi shawarwari.
Babban koma-baya na wannan tsarin shine ba za a iya daidaita tsarin samun kudin shiga ba, rabon amfani da kai da kuma ragowar wutar lantarki ga grid koyaushe yana canzawa, kuma ƙimar da aka kiyasta na masana'antar idan aka ba ta kuɗi kuma aka sayar na iya zama ƙasa da ainihin fitarwa, har ma da gudanarwa ba za su iya samun ƙimar kadarori mai ma'ana ba saboda suna damuwa game da aikin masu amfani a nan gaba.
Amfani da kai, ragowar wutar lantarki daga grid
Babban abin da ya fi burgewa game da hanyar da aka haɗa grid da kai shine "An haɗa Grid ba tare da intanet ba". Wurin shiga na wannan nau'in yana ƙasan ƙarshen mitar kamfanin grid kuma shine ɓangaren sirri na cikakken wurin keɓance kadarori. A ka'ida, kamfanin grid ba zai tsoma baki ga damar shiga tsarin ba, amma wannan samfurin yana buƙatar cewa ba za a iya aika wutar lantarki ta photovoltaic zuwa grid ba, don haka dole ne a sami na'urar counter-current. Lokacin da wutar da injin photovoltaic ke samarwa ta wuce nauyinta, na'urar kariya ta counter-current dole ne ta mayar da siginar zuwa inverter, wanda zai rage ƙarfin gwargwadon nauyin, don biyan buƙatun kaya kuma kada ta aika wutar lantarki zuwa grid, don cimma aikin tsarin photovoltaic don hana counter-current.
Ana amfani da wannan tsarin na'urar daukar hoto a yanayin yawan amfani da wutar lantarki ga masu amfani, yawan amfani da wutar lantarki akai-akai, ƙarancin ko babu kashewa ko kuma kashewa a rabin lokaci a cikin shekara, ko ma a lokacin hutu, nauyin kula da wutar lantarki na mai amfani shi ma ya isa ya sha mafi yawan wutar lantarki da tsarin PV ke samarwa. Illa iyaka, wutar da tsarin PV ke samarwa za ta yi amfani ba tare da haifar da ɓarna ba.
Cikakken grid
A cikin wannan yanayin da aka haɗa da grid, fitowar AC na tsarin PV yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da gefen ƙarancin wutar lantarki ko ɓangaren wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi na grid, wato, ɓangaren grid na iyakar kadarorin. Ta wannan hanyar, wutar lantarki da tsarin ke samarwa ana sayar da ita kai tsaye ga kamfanin grid, kuma farashin siyarwa yawanci shine matsakaicin farashin ciyarwa na gida, yayin da farashin wutar lantarki na mai amfani ba ya canzawa, ana kiran wannan "Layuka biyu na samun kuɗi da kashe kuɗi, kowannensu yana lissafin asusunsa".
Tallace-tallace kai tsaye daga grid zuwa grid suma sune manyan abubuwan da ake amfani da su a aikace-aikacen PV; masu zuba jari suna son samfurin saboda yana da sauƙi kuma abin dogaro ne.
Kashe-Grid da Kunna/Kashe-Grid
Wannan samfurin wutar lantarki na waje, wanda kuma aka sani da tashoshin wutar lantarki na ɗaukar hoto (PV), tsari ne da ke aiki ba tare da la'akari da layin wutar lantarki ba kuma ana amfani da shi sosai saboda ba a iyakance shi ga yanki ba, matuƙar akwai hasken rana da za a iya shigar da shi kuma a yi amfani da shi, ya dace sosai ga yankuna masu nisa ba tare da layin wutar lantarki ba, tsibiran da ke keɓe, jiragen ruwa na kamun kifi, wuraren kiwo na waje, da sauransu. Haka kuma ana iya amfani da shi azaman kayan aikin samar da wutar lantarki na gaggawa a wuraren da ake yawan samun katsewar wutar lantarki.
Amma irin wannan tsarin samar da wutar lantarki dole ne ya kasance yana da batura, kuma yana da tsadar tsarin samar da wutar lantarki. Kuma tsawon lokacin batirin, buƙatar kiyaye maye gurbinsa, ya ƙara farashin amfani. Don haka tattalin arziki, yana da wuya a yi amfani da shi sosai, don haka kada a ba da shawarar amfani da wutar lantarki a wuri mai dacewa.
Haka kuma yana da matuƙar amfani ga gidaje a yankunan da babu wutar lantarki ko kuma inda ake yawan samun matsalar wutar lantarki. Musamman ma, ana amfani da shi ne kawai don magance matsalolin hasken wuta yayin da ake rasa wutar lantarki. Saboda haka, an tsara tsarin samar da wutar lantarki daga wutar lantarki musamman don amfani a yankunan da ba su da wutar lantarki ko kuma a yankunan da ake yawan samun matsalar wutar lantarki.
Fitilun titi na photovoltaic, fitilun lawn da sauran kayayyakin photovoltaic, suma tsarin photovoltaic ne na kashe grid.
Amfani da kai, makamashi mai yawa ga girkin
Yanayin aikace-aikacen wannan yanayin haɗaka/kashe-kashe shine yawan katsewar wutar lantarki, ko farashin amfani da kai ya fi tsada fiye da farashin kan-gado, kuma farashin mafi girma ya fi tsada fiye da farashin da ke ƙasa.
Wannan shine amfani da wutar lantarki ta photovoltaic don lodawa, ana iya saita ta a mafi girman farashin fitarwa, rage farashin wutar lantarki; na biyu, ana iya caji a kwarin, fitar da kololuwa, yin amfani da bambancin farashi tsakanin kololuwa da kwarin don samun kuɗi; na uku, lokacin da wutar lantarki ta zama wutar lantarki ta al'ada, tsarin yana aiki azaman tsarin da aka haɗa grid na yau da kullun, inda ake ciyar da wutar lantarki ta photovoltaic zuwa kaya da farko, kuma ana adana wutar lantarki da ta wuce kima a cikin batura ko kuma ana sayar da ita ga grid, ana iya canza inverter zuwa yanayin kashe-kashe, tsarin yana ci gaba da aiki azaman madadin wutar lantarki, wutar lantarki ta photovoltaic da baturi zuwa kaya mai mahimmanci ta hanyar inverter, babu ɓata.
Yanayin kunnawa/kashe-grid da yanayin kashe-grid iri ɗaya ne da buƙatun batura, farashin farko na saka hannun jari yana da yawa.
Wannan hanyar samun damar tana buƙatar yin shawarwari da kamfanin layin wutar lantarki yarjejeniyar sayar da wutar lantarki da ta dace, tare da la'akari da muradun ɓangarorin biyu.
Gabaɗaya, yawancinsu za su yi amfani da yanayin da aka haɗa da grid; wanda za a zaɓa, bisa ga takamaiman buƙatun aikin.
