Ana iya canza kuzarin hasken rana kai tsaye zuwa wutar lantarki ta hanyar amfani da ƙwayoyin hasken rana na photovoltaic, wanda kuma aka sani da ƙwayoyin hasken rana. Ana haɗa ƙwayoyin hasken rana ta hanyoyi na musamman don samar da na'urorin hasken rana, waɗanda aka tsara don biyan wasu buƙatun aikace-aikace dangane da ƙarfin fitarwa da ƙarfin fitarwa. Girman jeri da suka ƙunshi na'urar hasken rana na iya bambanta sosai, ya danganta da girman na'urar wutar lantarki ta photovoltaic.
Tsarin walda na injin tsotsa da na bugun zuciya na zamani yana ba da garantin tsawon rai ga na'urorin photovoltaic, waɗanda ke amfani da ƙwayoyin photovoltaic mono mai inganci ko polycrystalline silicon mai ƙarfi, gilashin da ke jure wa iska mai ƙarfi, da kuma firam ɗin ƙarfe mai jure tsatsa, da sauran kayan.
Za ku iya gaya mani nau'ikan ƙwayoyin hasken rana iri-iri?
1. Kwayoyin hasken rana masu kama da juna, ƙwayoyin hasken rana masu kama da juna, da ƙwayoyin hasken rana na Schottky duk rarrabuwa ne mai yiwuwa bisa ga tsarin.
2. Ana iya rarraba ƙwayoyin hasken rana da aka yi da kayayyaki daban-daban zuwa nau'uka da yawa, ciki har da silicon, mahadi na halitta, filastik, nanocrystalline mai hankali, semiconductor mai haɗakar inorganic, da ƙwayoyin hasken rana na halitta.
3. Za a iya rarraba su zuwa ƙwayoyin hasken rana na yau da kullun da ƙwayoyin hasken rana na excitonic bisa ga hanyar canza hasken photoelectric.
Dangane da rarrabuwar nau'in halittu, akwai nau'ikan ƙwayoyin photovoltaic guda huɗu: amorphous silicon, polycrystalline silicon, copper indium selenide, gallium arsenide, da monocrystalline silicon.
Kwayoyin hasken rana da aka yi a kan silikon monocrystalline
Sabbin kirkire-kirkire a fasahar sel na photovoltaic, ƙwayoyin silicon monocrystalline suna ba da mafi kyawun haɗin girma, inganci, da tsawon rai. Matsakaicin ingancin juyawa na sel photovoltaic na silicon monocrystalline a China ya cimma kashi 16.5%, tare da matsakaicin ingancin dakin gwaje-gwaje ya wuce kashi 24.7%. Kayan aikin da ake amfani da su don waɗannan sel na hasken rana galibi sandunan silicon ne waɗanda ke da matakin tsarki na kashi 99.9999% da babban matakin silicon monocrystalline.
Kwayoyin photovoltaic na silicon masu haske
Wani nau'in ƙwayar hasken rana shine ƙwayar photovoltaic silicon polycrystalline. An rage farashin kera shi sosai sakamakon maye gurbin kayan silicon polycrystalline don zana silicon monocrystalline, wanda ya rage lokacin samarwa sosai. Rage yawan amfani da shi bayan gina module ɗin PV ya faru ne saboda ƙwayoyin PV masu zagaye da aka gina daga sandunan silicon monocrystalline da kuma gaskiyar cewa sandunan da ƙwayoyin suna da silinda. Akwai fa'ida ga amfani da ƙwayoyin photovoltaic silicon polycrystalline fiye da amfani da na silicon monocrystalline.
Kwayoyin hasken rana masu amorphous na silica
Sabuwar ƙwayar sirara da aka ƙera daga amorphous silicon ita ce ƙwayar photovoltaic silicon mai siffar amorphous. An san wani semiconductor mai tsarin crystal mai siffar amorphous silicon. Yana iya samar da ƙwayoyin hasken rana masu kauri na micron 1 kawai, wanda yayi daidai da ƙwayoyin silicon monocrystalline 300 nm. Idan aka kwatanta da polycrystalline da monocrystalline silicon, yana da hanyar samarwa mai sauƙi, yana amfani da ƙarancin kayan silicon, kuma yana da ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki ga kowane naúra.
Kwayoyin photovoltaic da aka yi da jan ƙarfe, indium, da selenide
Ana amfani da fim ɗin semiconductor a kan gilashi ko wasu abubuwa masu arha don ƙirƙirar ƙwayoyin hasken rana na jan ƙarfe-indium-selenium. Babban sinadaran da ake amfani da su sune semiconductors masu haɗaka na jan ƙarfe, indium, da selenium. Kauri na fim ɗin kusan l/100 ne kawai ake buƙata don ƙwayoyin photovoltaic na silicon monocrystalline saboda kyawun ikon ɗaukar haske na batirin selenium na jan ƙarfe.
Kwayoyin Rana da aka Gina a Gallium Arsenide
Wani sabon abu mai kama da batirin sirara mai kama da sirara, ƙwayoyin photovoltaic na silicon amorphous suna amfani da silicon amorphous a matsayin babban tubalin gininsa. Ana kiran semiconductor mai tsarin kristal amorphous da silicon amorphous. Yana iya samar da ƙwayoyin hasken rana masu kauri na micron 1 kawai, wanda yayi daidai da ƙwayoyin silicon monocrystalline na 300 nm. Akwai raguwa mai yawa a yawan amfani da wutar lantarki na naúrar da kuma sauƙaƙa tsarin samarwa idan aka kwatanta da madadin amfani da polycrystalline ko monocrystalline silicon.
Kwayoyin polymer na photovoltaic
Wani nau'in haɗin launuka masu yawa kamar na'urar PN mai haɗin kai ta inorganic, ƙwayar photovoltaic ta polymer tana amfani da polymers na redox tare da iyawar redox daban-daban.
Ribobi da fursunoni na amfani da ƙwayoyin photovoltaic
Fa'idodin:Babu wata barazanar raguwa, ba ta gurɓata muhalli ba, ba ta dogara da yadda albarkatun ƙasa ke yaɗuwa ba, ana iya samar da ita kusa da tashar wutar lantarki, tana da ingantaccen makamashi, masu amfani da ita suna da sauƙin yarda da ita a motsin rai, tana samar da makamashi na ɗan gajeren lokaci, kuma tsarin samar da wutar lantarki yana da kyakkyawan tarihin aminci.
Abubuwa marasa kyau:Banda tsadar gini da ƙarancin yawan rarraba makamashi na hasken rana, yanayi huɗu, rana/dare, gajimare/rana, da sauran canjin yanayi duk suna da rawar da za su taka a cikin makamashin da aka tara.
