Fadada karfin haɗin wutar lantarki ta hanyar amfani da wutar lantarki da kuma tasirin wutar lantarki da ya haifar sun haifar da yanayi mafi kyau don haɓaka ajiyar makamashi.
Ajiye makamashin photovoltaic ya bambanta da samar da wutar lantarki da aka haɗa da grid domin yana amfani da batura don ajiya da na'urori don caji da fitar da batura; jarin farko zai fi girma, amma kewayon aikace-aikacen da za a iya amfani da su zai fi faɗi sosai. A cikin wannan labarin, mun gabatar da yanayi huɗu na aikace-aikacen adana makamashin PV + waɗanda suka dace da aikace-aikace daban-daban: yanayin aikace-aikacen adana makamashin PV akan grid, yanayin aikace-aikacen adana makamashin PV daga grid, yanayin aikace-aikacen tsarin adana makamashin haɗin gwiwa, da yanayin aikace-aikacen adana makamashin PV ƙananan grid.
1. Yanayi don aikace-aikacen ajiyar makamashi na PV daga grid
Ana ƙara amfani da tsarin ajiyar makamashi na hasken rana da samar da wutar lantarki na hasken rana a yankunan tsaunuka masu nisa, yankunan da ba su da wutar lantarki, tsibirai, tashoshin sadarwa, da fitilun titi, da sauran wurare inda za su iya aiki da kansu ba tare da dogaro da hanyar samar da wutar lantarki ba.
Tsarin PV, inverter na PV, ajiyar baturi, da kuma nauyin wutar lantarki sun ƙunshi tsarin. Idan akwai haske, tsarin photovoltaic yana canza makamashin rana zuwa makamashin lantarki kuma a lokaci guda yana samar da wutar lantarki ga kayan ta hanyar injin da aka haɗa da na'urar sarrafawa ta juye sannan ya caji fakitin batirin; idan babu haske, batirin yana ƙarfafa nauyin AC ta hanyar inverter.
Tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na lantarki na waje (wato photovoltaic) an ƙera shi musamman don tura wutar lantarki a yankunan da ba su da wutar lantarki ko kuma suna fuskantar katsewar wutar lantarki akai-akai. Waɗannan tsarin suna aiki ta hanyar "ajiyewa da amfani" ko "ajiyewa da farko sannan a yi amfani da su", kamar yadda ake aika gawayi ta cikin dusar ƙanƙara." "Dusar ƙanƙara da aka saka a cikin gawayi" A yankunan da ba su da wutar lantarki ko kuma tare da yawan rufewa da ke shafar iyalai, tsarin da ba a haɗa shi da gawayi yana da matuƙar amfani.
2. Yanayi don aikace-aikacen ajiyar makamashi na PV hybrid-grid
Ana amfani da tsarin adana makamashin PV hybrid-grid a lokacin da ake yawan samun matsala a wutar lantarki. Babban kuɗin da ake kashewa ta hanyar amfani da kai yana hana samun riba a Intanet; farashin da ake kashewa ya fi tsada fiye da farashin kwarin da kuma na wasu aikace-aikace.
Tsarin hasken rana mai ɗauke da na'urori masu amfani da hasken rana, injinan da ke haɗa wutar lantarki ta hasken rana da ke aiki a waje da grid, fakitin batiri, lodi, da sauran abubuwan da ke cikinsa sun ƙunshi tsarin. A gaban haske, tsarin hasken rana mai aiki yana canza makamashin hasken rana zuwa makamashin lantarki kuma yana cajin bankin baturi yayin da yake samar da wutar lantarki ga kayan ta hanyar inverter mai sarrafa hasken rana; idan haske bai nan, batirin yana cajin inverter mai sarrafa hasken rana sannan daga baya ya samar da wutar lantarki ga kayan AC.
Haɗa na'urorin sarrafa caji/fitarwa da batura a cikin tsarin da aka haɗa da grid da kuma tsarin da ba a haɗa da grid ba yana ƙara yawan farashi da kusan kashi 30%-50% idan aka kwatanta da tsarin samar da wutar lantarki da aka haɗa da grid. Duk da haka, wannan haɓakawa yana faɗaɗa aikace-aikacen tsarin da za a iya amfani da su. Na farko, yana yiwuwa a saita tsarin PV don samar da wutar lantarki a ƙarfin da aka ƙayyade a lokacin da ake buƙatar wutar lantarki mai yawa don rage farashin wutar lantarki. Na biyu, yana yiwuwa a caji tsarin PV a lokacin aikin da ba a haɗa da grid ba kuma a fitar da shi a lokacin lokacin buƙatar wutar lantarki mafi girma, ta hanyar amfani da bambancin farashi tsakanin sassan kololuwa da kwaruruka. A ƙarshe, idan grid ɗin bai samuwa ba, tsarin PV yana aiki azaman tushen wutar lantarki mai ajiya, kuma ana iya kashe inverter don aiki a yanayin da ba a haɗa da grid ba. A halin yanzu, ana aiwatar da wannan yanayin akai-akai a ƙasashen da suka ci gaba a ƙasashen waje.
3. Yanayi don aikace-aikacen tsarin adana makamashin photovoltaic akan grid
Tsarin samar da wutar lantarki ta hanyar amfani ...
Modules na ƙwayoyin hasken rana sun ƙunshi jerin hasken rana, wanda ke da batir, mai sarrafa caji/fitarwa na PCS, da kuma kaya mai cinye wutar lantarki. A cikin yanayi inda wutar lantarki ta hasken rana ta gaza ƙarfin kaya, tsarin yana aiki da wani ɓangare ta hanyar makamashin rana da kuma grid. Akasin haka, lokacin da wutar lantarki ta hasken rana ta wuce ƙarfin kaya, ana amfani da wani ɓangare na makamashin rana don samar da wutar lantarki ga kayan, yayin da sauran ɓangaren kuma ana adana shi ta hanyar mai sarrafawa. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya amfani da tsarin adana makamashi a cikin sarrafa buƙatu, daidaitawar kololuwa da kwarin gwiwa, da sauran yanayi don haɓaka tsarin riba.
A sabuwar kasuwar makamashi ta China, tsarin adana makamashi mai haɗin PV grid ya jawo sha'awa sosai a matsayin wani yanayi na amfani da makamashi mai sabuntawa. Ta hanyar haɗa na'urar adana makamashi, samar da wutar lantarki ta photovoltaic, da kuma grid na AC, tsarin yana ƙara yawan amfani da makamashi mai sabuntawa.
4. Yanayi don aikace-aikacen tsarin adana makamashi na ƙananan grid
Saboda muhimmancinsa a matsayin na'urar adana makamashi, tsarin adana makamashi mai ƙananan grid yana ɗaukar matsayi mafi girma a cikin tsarin wutar lantarki da sabon ci gaban makamashi na China.
Yayin da makamashin da ake sabuntawa ke samun karbuwa kuma ci gaban kimiyya da fasaha ke ci gaba da bunkasa, yanayin aikace-aikacen tsarin adana makamashin ƙananan grid yana ci gaba da ƙaruwa. Waɗannan yanayi sun fi shafar fannoni biyu da aka lissafa a ƙasa:
1). Tsarin samar da wutar lantarki da kuma adana makamashi: Samar da wutar lantarki da aka rarraba ya shafi sanya ƙananan na'urorin samar da wutar lantarki kusa da mai amfani da ita, ta amfani da majiyoyi kamar makamashin iska, hasken rana, da sauransu. Duk wani ƙarin wutar lantarki da aka samu daga baya ana adana shi a cikin tsarin adana makamashi, wanda ke aiki a matsayin madadin wutar lantarki a lokacin da ake buƙatar wutar lantarki mai yawa ko kuma katsewar wutar lantarki.
2). Madogarar wutar lantarki ta ƙananan grid: Domin samun ingantaccen wutar lantarki na gida a yankuna masu nisa, tsibirai, da sauran wurare masu wahalar samun wutar lantarki, ana iya amfani da tsarin adana makamashi na ƙananan grid a matsayin tushen wutar lantarki.
Ta hanyar amfani da ƙarin makamashi mai yawa, ƙananan grids na iya inganta amfani da ƙarfin makamashi mai tsabta da aka rarraba. Wannan yana ba su damar rage wasu abubuwa marasa kyau kamar ƙarancin iko, samar da wutar lantarki mara inganci, da kuma samar da wutar lantarki mai zaman kanta, yayin da kuma tabbatar da ingantaccen aikin babban grid ɗin wutar lantarki. Sakamakon haka, ƙananan grids suna aiki a matsayin ƙarin mahimmanci ga babban grid ɗin wutar lantarki. Girman yanayin aikace-aikacen ƙananan grid ya fi girma sosai, yana farawa daga 'yan kilowatts zuwa goma na megawatts, kuma nau'ikan aiwatarwa da za a iya aiwatarwa sun faɗi sosai.
Tsarin amfani da makamashin hasken rana (photovoltaic energy achement) yana da faɗi da kuma bambance-bambance, wanda ya ƙunshi ƙananan grids, tsarin da ba na grid ba, da tsarin da aka haɗa da grid. Ana siffanta aikace-aikacen makamashin da ake sabuntawa ta hanyar fa'idodi da halaye na musamman na kowane nau'in yanayi, waɗanda ke ba wa masu amfani da wutar lantarki mai inganci da aminci.
Yayin da fasahar PV ke ci gaba da ci gaba kuma farashi ke ci gaba da raguwa, ajiyar makamashin PV zai ɗauki matsayi mafi mahimmanci a tsarin makamashi na nan gaba. A lokaci guda, ci gaba da aiwatar da yanayi daban-daban zai sauƙaƙa ci gaban ɓangaren makamashi mai tasowa na China cikin sauri da kuma taimakawa wajen cimma nasarar sauyin makamashi da ci gaba mai ɗorewa wanda ba shi da sinadarin carbon.
