A matsayin muhimmin ɓangare na samar da wutar lantarki ta hanyar amfani ...
Yadda yake aiki:
· Injin juyawa na jeri: jerin ƙwayoyin photovoltaic zuwa shigarwar DC mai ƙarfin lantarki mai yawa, sannan a mayar da su zuwa fitarwar AC.
· Masu canza wutar lantarki masu layi daya: ana haɗa ƙwayoyin photovoltaic da yawa a layi daya don ƙara yawan wutar lantarki, wanda daga nan ake mayar da shi zuwa fitarwar AC.
· Inverter na gada: amfani da da'irar gada don canza dc-zuwa-ac.
· Mai canza mitar matsakaici: ta hanyar canza shigarwar DC zuwa AC mai matsakaicin mita, wanda aka canza a cikin na'urar canza wutar lantarki don samun fitowar AC da ake so.
Dangane da yanayin fitarwa:
· Injin canza wutar lantarki na Sine: fitarwar sine ne mai tsabta, wanda ya dace da buƙatun ingancin wutar lantarki na manyan aikace-aikace.
· Inverter na sinusoidal da aka gyara: tsarin fitowar siginar sinosoidal da aka gyara, tare da wasu sassan harmonic da aka yanke don yawancin aikace-aikacen gida da na kasuwanci.
· Injin canza wutar lantarki mai kusurwa huɗu: tsarin fitowar wutar lantarki mai kusurwa huɗu ne, mai sauƙi kuma mai rahusa, amma zai gabatar da ƙarin jituwa.
· Injin canza fadin bugun jini (PWM): amfani da fasahar PWM mai yawan mita don samar da yanayin fitowar kusan sinusoidal.
Dangane da fannonin aikace-aikace:
· Injin canza wutar lantarki mai zaman kansa: don tsarin samar da wutar lantarki mai zaman kansa ba tare da la'akari da babban layin wutar lantarki ba, kamar hasken wuta, samar da wutar lantarki, da sauransu.
· Injin canza wutar lantarki ta hasken rana: haɗa wutar lantarki ta photovoltaic zuwa babban grid sannan a saka wutar lantarki mai yawa a cikin grid ɗin lokacin da ba a buƙata ba, kuma a sami isasshen wutar lantarki daga grid ɗin.
· Micro-grid inverter: tsarin micro-grid zai iya cimma hanyar sadarwa da gudanarwa, zai zama tushen wutar lantarki daban-daban (kamar hasken rana, iska, da sauransu) kuma an haɗa kaya.
Waɗannan wasu nau'ikan inverter na hasken rana ne da aka saba amfani da su. Nau'ikan inverters daban-daban suna da halaye daban-daban da yanayi masu dacewa. Ya zama dole a zaɓi nau'in inverter da ya dace bisa ga takamaiman buƙatu da yanayin aikace-aikacen.
Menene inverter na hasken rana?:
Ana amfani da na'urar inverter ta hasken rana don canza wutar lantarki kai tsaye (DC) da aka samar ta hanyar hasken rana (panel ɗin hasken rana) zuwa wutar lantarki mai canzawa (AC). Fane-fanen photovoltaic suna canza hasken rana zuwa wutar lantarki kai tsaye, kuma na'urar inverter ta hasken rana tana canza wutar lantarki kai tsaye zuwa wutar lantarki mai canzawa da muke amfani da ita akai-akai don samar da wutar lantarki ga gidaje, masana'antu da kasuwanci.
Babban aikin inverter na hasken rana sune kamar haka:
1. Canza Wutar Lantarki: fitowar panel ɗin hasken rana na DC zuwa wutar AC don biyan buƙatun grid ɗin wutar lantarki. Canza wutar lantarki (AC) nau'in makamashin lantarki ne da ake amfani da shi a rayuwarmu ta yau da kullun da kuma samar da masana'antu.
2. Haɗin Grid: ga tsarin photovoltaic da aka haɗa da grid, inverter na hasken rana zai iya shigar da wutar lantarki mai yawa a cikin grid ɗin don rage dogaro da grid ɗin da kuma samar da wani adadin kuɗin shiga ta yanar gizo.
3. Gudanar da Wutar Lantarki: na'urar inverter ta hasken rana yawanci tana iya sa ido da sarrafa tsarin PV, tana sa ido kan yanayin, halin yanzu, ƙarfin lantarki, da sauransu na kwamitin PV a ainihin lokaci, don samar wa masu amfani da ikon sa ido da inganta aikin tsarin PV.
4. Ayyukan Kariya: na'urar inverter ta hasken rana yawanci tana da kariyar wuce gona da iri, kariyar da'ira ta gajere, kariyar wuce gona da iri, kariyar ƙarancin wutar lantarki, da sauransu don tabbatar da ingantaccen aiki na tsarin PV.
A takaice dai, na'urar samar da wutar lantarki ta hasken rana (solar inverter) tana taka muhimmiyar rawa a tsarin samar da wutar lantarki ta hanyar amfani da hasken rana (photovoltaic), tana mayar da wutar lantarki mai amfani zuwa wutar lantarki mai amfani, tana ba da damar amfani da wutar lantarki ta hasken rana don samar da wutar lantarki da kuma samun damar yin amfani da wutar lantarki ta hanyar amfani da grid, don cimma ci gaba mai dorewa da kuma manufofin kiyaye makamashi da rage fitar da hayaki.
Babban kayan albarkatun ƙasa na inverter sun haɗa da waɗannan rukunan:
1. Na'urar Semiconductor: babban abin da ke cikin inverter shine na'urar Power semiconductor, yawanci tana amfani da Power Transistor (IGBT) ko Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (MOSFET). Ana amfani da waɗannan na'urori don canza wutar lantarki daga DC zuwa AC.
2. Capacitors da inductors: ana amfani da capacitors da inductors a cikin inverters don adanawa da tace makamashin lantarki. Capacitors suna sassauta ƙarfin fitarwa da halin yanzu, yayin da inductors ke tace hayaniya mai yawan mita da harmonics.
3. Kayan Wanka Mai Zafi da Wanka Mai Zafi: Na'urar Wutar Lantarki da ke cikin inverter za ta samar da zafi mai yawa, tana buƙatar injin waka mai zafi da kayan waka mai zafi don rage zafin yadda ya kamata, ta kuma tabbatar da cewa na'urar tana aiki yadda ya kamata. Yawanci ana yin radiators da aluminum ko jan ƙarfe don samar da isasshen wurin sanyaya.
4. PCB (Allon Da'ira Mai Bugawa): PCB shine mai ɗaukar kaya don shigarwa da haɗa kayan lantarki a cikin inverter, tare da ingantaccen watsa wutar lantarki da ƙarfin injina. Tsarin da'irar inverter zai dogara ne akan buƙatun wutar lantarki da tsarin da'ira don wayoyi da haɗin da suka dace.
5. Abubuwan da ke cikin na'urar lantarki da kuma na'urorin da ke kewaye: injin juyawa (inverter) yana buƙatar amfani da nau'ikan abubuwan da ke cikin na'urar, kamar su diodes, resistor, transformers, fius, connectors, da sauransu don sarrafa da'ira, kariya da haɗi.
Bugu da ƙari, yanayin inverter yawanci ana yin sa ne da kayan ƙarfe, kamar ƙarfen aluminum ko farantin ƙarfe, wanda ake amfani da shi don samar da kyakkyawan kariya ta injiniya da aikin watsa zafi.
Waɗannan su ne manyan kayan da ake amfani da su wajen samar da inverter, waɗannan kayan a cikin ƙira da ƙera inverter suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tabbatar da aiki da amincin inverter.
