Kowannenmu a rayuwa zai iya jin lokacin hasken rana a shekara a cikin canji, lokacin hasken rana na lokacin bazara yana da tsawo, lokacin hasken rana na lokacin hunturu yana da gajere, wannan a cikin yankin tsawon rana yana canzawa koyaushe saboda juyawar Duniya a kusa da rana da aka samar. Ga Arewacin Duniya, inda muke zaune, rana ta fi tsayi a lokacin bazara (kusan 22 ga Yuni) kuma mafi guntu a lokacin hunturu (kusan 22 ga Disamba). Daga lokacin bazara zuwa lokacin hunturu, kwanaki suna raguwa, kuma daga lokacin hunturu zuwa lokacin bazara, kwanaki suna ƙara tsayi. Ga waɗanda ke da tambayoyi game da wannan tsari, za ku iya sake duba "Shift of the Sun's Direct Sunspot" wanda Giorgio Graffi ya ambata a baya.
Abin da ke sama galibi yana magana ne game da yanayin canjin tsawon yini a wani yanki a cikin shekara, to idan muna son kwatanta matsakaicin lokacin hasken rana a wurare daban-daban a cikin shekara, waɗanne abubuwa ne wannan alamar za ta shafa?
Da farko dai, dole ne mu bambanta tsakanin ra'ayoyi biyu na tsawon yini da lokacin hasken rana, tsawon yini yana nufin tsawon yini a wani yanki, ya kamata ya zama daidai da lokacin faɗuwar rana ban da lokacin fitowar rana, za a gabatar da takamaiman lissafin bayan GioGraffi dalla-dalla, wanda gwaji ne mai yawan gaske, amma kuma ɗalibai da yawa ba za su iya shawo kan wahalhalun ba. Lokacin hasken rana yana nufin rana a wani wuri na ainihin adadin sa'o'i, galibi ana amfani da shi don siffanta yanayin yanayi ko halayen yanayi na wani yanki, don haka abubuwan da ke shafar lokacin hasken rana galibi yanayi ne, maimakon latitude, dole ne mu kula da wannan!
Bari mu dubi matsakaicin sa'o'in hasken rana na shekara-shekara a China, daga jadawalin da ke ƙasa za ku iya taƙaita wace doka ce? Kuma ku gano waɗanne yanayi na musamman?
Daga jadawalin da ke sama, har zuwa shekarar 2018, ana iya ganin matsakaicin adadin sa'o'in hasken rana na China a kowace shekara, wanda kudu maso gabas zuwa arewa maso yamma ke bayarwa, yana ƙaruwa, musamman saboda yankunan bakin teku na kudu maso gabas da damina ta shafa, ruwan sama idan aka yi la'akari da yawan ruwan sama, yana shafar adadin sa'o'in hasken rana, kuma a cikin arewa maso yamma na yanayin busasshiyar ƙasa, ruwan sama ya ragu, adadin sa'o'in hasken rana ya fi tsayi. Bugu da ƙari, abokai masu hankali za su iya gano cewa sa'o'in hasken rana na shekara-shekara na Plateau Tibet, yammacin Plateau na Cikin Gida na Mongolia da sauran yankuna kusan sa'o'i 3,000 ne, saboda tsayin sama, iska mai laushi, da kuma yanayin rana. A gefe guda kuma, yankin Sichuan yana da ƙasa da sa'o'i 1,000 na hasken rana a kowace shekara, galibi saboda ƙarancin yanayin ƙasa, ƙarin tururin ruwa, ƙarin gajimare da ƙarancin sa'o'in hasken rana.
Na gaba, bari mu duba matsayin matsakaicin sa'o'in hasken rana na shekara-shekara a duniya. Waɗanne birane ne ke samun hasken rana? Kuma waɗanne birane ne ba sa samun hasken rana duk shekara?
Manyan Makonni 10 na Matsakaicin Rana a Shekara
01.Yuma, Amurka, matsakaicin sa'o'in rana na 40:15.3h a kowace shekara
Birnin Yuma yana yankin kudu maso yammacin jihar Arizona ta Amurka, kusa da California, inda yake da yanayi mai bushewa da kuma ruwan sama na shekara-shekara wanda bai wuce 100mm ba, wanda hakan ya sanya shi birni ɗaya tilo da ke da hasken rana sama da sa'o'i 4,000 a kowace shekara, wanda yayi daidai da matsakaicin sa'o'i 10.96 na hasken rana a kowace rana. Birnin Yuma kuma yana da ɗaya daga cikin albarkatun hasken rana mafiya arziki a Amurka.
02.Massa Alam, Masar, awanni 3,958 na hasken rana a kowace shekara
Massa Alam tashar jiragen ruwa ce da ke bakin tekun Tekun Ja, wadda ke da yanayin hamada mai zafi, zafi da bushewa duk shekara, tare da ƙarancin gajimare da hasken rana mai haske. Tun lokacin da aka ƙaddamar da filin jirgin saman ƙasa da ƙasa na gida a shekara ta 2001, Marsa Alam ta zama sabuwar tashar da masu nutsewa a yankin Tekun Ja suka fi so.
03.Calama, Chile, awanni 3926.2 na hasken rana a kowace shekara
Calama birni ne na arewacin Chile da ke a gindin yammacin Andes, kilomita 21 kacal daga ma'adinan tagulla na Chuquicamata, a tsayin mita 2,266 sama da matakin teku, tare da yanayi mai bushewa sosai.
04. Dakhla Oasis, Masar, awanni 3,943.4 na hasken rana a kowace shekara
Dakhla Oasis, wacce take cikin gundumar New Valley ta Masar, tana ɗaya daga cikin wurare bakwai da ke cikin Hamadar Yammacin Masar. Sama da maɓuɓɓugan ruwan zafi 500, gonakin inabi masu kyau, sauran garuruwa da ƙauyuka na zamanin da, gidaje masu kyau da aka yi da tubalin laka da kuma wasu abubuwan tarihi daban-daban a yankin sun zama babban abin jan hankalin masu yawon buɗe ido daga ko'ina cikin duniya.
05. Phoenix, Amurka, matsakaicin sa'o'in rana na awanni 3871.6 a shekara
Dukansu Phoenix da Yuma da ke kan gaba suna cikin Arizona, wanda Phoenix ita ce babban birninta. Ana kuma fassara Phoenix a matsayin Phoenix, wanda aka fi sani da Hoozdo a yaren Navajo, ma'ana wuri mai zafi. Phoenix tana da yanayi busasshe tare da matsakaicin yanayin zafi na shekara-shekara mafi girma fiye da kowace babban birni a Amurka. Matsakaicin zafin jiki ya wuce digiri 38 Fahrenheit kwanaki 89 a shekara, kusan duk lokacin daga Yuni zuwa Satumba. Bugu da ƙari, sunan ƙungiyar NBA da ke Phoenix shine "Phoenix Suns", wanda ke nufin rana tana da yawa a duk shekara.
06. Kitmanshoop, Namibia, matsakaicin sa'o'in rana na shekara-shekara 3870h
Kitmanshoop gari ne da ke kudancin Namibia kuma babban birnin yankin Karas. Yana gefen Hamadar Namib, yana da yanayi mai bushewa tare da ƙarancin ruwan sama da kuma tsawon sa'o'i na hasken rana.
07. Las Vegas, Amurka, matsakaicin sa'o'in hasken rana na shekara-shekara 3825.3h
Las Vegas ita ce birni mafi girma a jihar Nevada ta Amurka kuma birnin caca da ya shahara a duniya. Las Vegas tana gefen hamadar Nevada a Amurka kuma tana kewaye da tsaunuka masu tsayi na mita 1000-3000. Las Vegas tana da yanayin hamada na yau da kullun a lokacin rani, inda yanayin zafin rana yakan kai kusan 38°C har zuwa 45°C ko fiye.
08. Tucson, Amurka, matsakaicin sa'o'in hasken rana na shekara-shekara 3806h
Tucson ita ce birni na uku a jerin daga jihar Arizona ta kudancin Amurka, wacce ke cikin yankin kwarin hamada da ke kewaye da tsaunuka a ɓangarorin uku. Rashin kyawun yanayi da hasken rana a duk shekara sun daɗe suna jan hankalin masu yawon buɗe ido da yawa, musamman ci gaban masana'antar ritaya da cibiyar kwantar da hankali ke wakilta, kuma tsofaffi da yawa daga arewa maso gabashin Amurka sun sayi gidaje a Tucson. Bugu da ƙari, sansanin sojojin sama na Davis-Monthan yana cikin yankin birnin.
09. Harij, Masar, matsakaicin sa'o'in hasken rana na shekara-shekara 3790.8
Harij ita ce mafi girman wurin zama a Hamadar Yammacin Masar, tare da tarkacen haikali tun ƙarni na biyar kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa. Yana da sanannen wurin yawon buɗe ido a Masar. Yanayi mai bushewa duk shekara, don haɓaka noma, gina tsarin ban ruwa, inganta ƙasa, da kuma ƙarin noma.
10. El Paso, Amurka, matsakaicin sa'o'in hasken rana na shekara-shekara shine awanni 3762.5
El Paso yana yammacin jihar Texas ta Amurka. Sunan birnin, El paso, yana nufin "The Pass" na Sifaniyanci, wanda ke nufin bankunan da Rio Grande ya wanke. Yanayi yana da bushewa, babu tururin ruwa da kuma rufin gajimare.
Na gaba: Manyan 10 na rashin ganin rana
01. Totoro, Colombia, matsakaicin sa'o'in hasken rana na shekara-shekara awanni 637
Totoro tana kudu maso yammacin Colombia, ƙarƙashin ikon sashen Cauca, inda yanayin yake da zafi da danshi duk shekara, tare da ruwan sama sama da milimita 1,500 a kowace shekara.
02. Tórshavn, Tsibirin Faroe, matsakaicin sa'o'in hasken rana na shekara-shekara awanni 840
Tórshavn babban birnin tsibirin Faroe ne, kuma ana iya fassara sunan birnin da "Thor's Harbor", sunan allahn tsawa a cikin tatsuniyoyin Norse. Tsibiran Faroe suna da ruwan sama mai yawa da yanayi mai gajimare a duk shekara saboda iskar yamma da haɗuwar raƙuman ruwa masu dumi da sanyi, wanda hakan ya sa hasken rana ya zama ɗan jin daɗi ga Tsibiran Faroe.
03. Chongqing, China, matsakaicin sa'o'in hasken rana na shekara-shekara 954.8
Chongqing, ƙaramar ƙaramar ƙaramar hukuma a ƙasar Sin, ana kiranta da "Birnin Duwatsu" da kuma "Birnin Hazo". Chongqing dutse ne, inda tsaunuka suka kai fiye da kashi biyu bisa uku na jimlar yankinta, kuma tana da yanayi mai zafi da ruwan sama mai yawa. Bugu da ƙari, Kogin Jialing da ke Chongqing Chaotianmen ya shiga Kogin Yangtze, yawan tururin ruwa. Haɗakar dalilai sun sa Chongqing ya zama hazo, kuma adadin sa'o'in hasken rana ya yi ƙasa.
04. Dixon, Rasha, matsakaicin sa'o'in rana na awanni 1164.3 a shekara
Dixon, wacce take kusa da bakin kogin Yenisei a zafin digiri 73 a Arewa maso Yamma, tana fama da yanayin Arctic, inda take da watanni 10 na hunturu a kowace shekara. Ba wai kawai rana ba ta nan na tsawon watanni 2, har ma saboda sanyi da danshi da kuma yawan gajimare, ba a ganin rana a ko da yaushe idan tana nan.
05. Malabo, Equatorial Guinea, matsakaicin rana mai haske a kowace shekara 1176.7h
Malabo babban birnin Equatorial Guinea ne kuma tana kan tsibirin aman wuta da ke kewaye da teku da kuma yankin Equatorial, wanda ke da yanayin ruwan teku mai zafi, don haka Malabo tana da yawan ruwan sama da kuma ƙarancin lokacin hasken rana na shekara-shekara.
06. Buenaventura, Colombia, matsakaicin rana mai haske a kowace shekara awanni 1178
Buenaventura ita ce tashar jiragen ruwa mafi girma a Colombia kuma birni mafi mahimmanci a gabar tekun Pacific na ƙasar. Birnin yana tsibirin Cascajal a Tekun Buenaventura, yana da alaƙa da babban yankin ƙasar ta hanyar gada kuma muhimmin cibiya ce ga harkokin kasuwancin ƙasashen waje na Colombia. Saboda wurin da yake a bakin teku kusa da equator, yanayin yana da dumi da danshi tare da ruwan sama mai yawa.
07. Lima, Peru, matsakaicin sa'o'in hasken rana na shekara-shekara awanni 12:30
Lima ita ce babban birnin Peru kuma an raba ta zuwa sassa biyu: tsohon birnin da kuma sabon birnin. An san Lima a duk duniya a matsayin birni mara ruwa, ba tare da tsawa, walƙiya ko guguwa a duk shekara ba, kuma ba a taɓa jin ƙanƙara da dusar ƙanƙara ba. Duk da cewa babu ruwan sama, matsakaicin lokacin hasken rana na Lima na shekara-shekara yana da ƙasa sosai, kuma wasu masana suna hasashen cewa yana da alaƙa da gurɓataccen iska da ci gaban masana'antu a Lima ke haifarwa.
08.Ushuaia, Argentina, matsakaicin sa'o'in hasken rana na shekara-shekara 1281.2h
Ushuaia tana kudancin Argentina, kilomita 3,200 daga Buenos Aires, babban birnin ƙasar, amma kilomita 800 kacal daga Antarctica, birni mafi kudanci a duniya, wanda kuma aka sani da ƙarshen duniya. Ushuaia wuri ne mai kyau don tashi da kuma sake samar da kayayyaki don balaguro da balaguro zuwa Antarctica. Saboda wurin da take a yankin Westerly Wind Belt, wanda ke fuskantar iska mai ƙarfi ta yamma da kuma tafiye-tafiyen yamma a duk shekara, Ushuaia tana da sanyi da danshi duk shekara, kuma hasken rana yana da wuya a samu.
09.Reykjavik, Iceland, matsakaicin sa'o'in rana na awanni 1,326 a shekara
Reykjavik ita ce babban birnin Iceland, kuma ita ce birni na farko da tashar jiragen ruwa ta farko a ƙasar. Reykjavik tana da zafin 64°N, kuma tana kusa da Arctic Circle, amma tana da tasirin magudanar ruwan zafi ta Arewa maso Atlantika kuma tana da yanayi mai sauƙi. Duk da haka, bakin teku, da yalwar albarkatun ƙasa, suna haifar da yawan tururin ruwa a kan birnin Reykjavík, wanda ke shafar lokutan hasken rana.
10. Bogotá, Colombia, matsakaicin sa'o'in hasken rana na shekara-shekara awanni 1328
Bogotá babban birnin Colombia ne kuma ɗaya daga cikin biranen da ke ƙara yawan birane a yankin Latin Amurka. Tsarin sufuri na Bas Mai Sauri (BRT) na Bogotá ya shahara a duniya kuma yankuna da yawa suna kwaikwayonsa. Bogotá yana kusa da ma'aunin ƙasa, amma yana cikin yankin tsaunuka mai yanayi mai sanyi. Kamar Chongqing, matsakaicin sa'o'in hasken rana na Bogotá na shekara-shekara yana da ƙarancin yawa.
