Ua maopopo he ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kaupaku no ka ʻāpana ikehu hou ma mua o ka mea i manaʻo ʻia, me ke kapikala e ninini mau ana, me he mea lā e ʻimi ana i ka "Contemporary Amperex Technology" a i ʻole "BYD."
ʻIke laulā
ʻO nā pila sodium-ion (i kapa ʻia ʻo "nā pila sodium") he ʻano pila hiki ke hoʻouka hou ʻia e hana ana ma ke kaʻa ʻana i nā ion sodium ma waena o ka cathode a me ka anode i ka wā e hoʻouka ai a hoʻokuʻu ai. Ua like ko lākou kumu hana a me ke ʻano me nā pila lithium-ion i hoʻohana nui ʻia.
No ka hui like o nā mea ʻelua ka sodium a me ka lithium a hōʻike like i nā ʻano hoʻouka a hoʻokuʻu electrochemical "noho lūlū". I ka wā o ke kaʻina hana hoʻouka o kahi pākahiko sodium-ion, hoʻokaʻawale nā iona sodium mai ka cathode a hoʻokomo i loko o ka anode ʻoiai e hele ana nā electrons ma ke kaapuni waho. ʻO ka nui o nā iona sodium i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka anode, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hiki ke hoʻouka. I ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, i ka wā e hoʻokuʻu ai, hoʻi nā iona sodium mai ka anode a i ka cathode, e hoʻonui ana i ka hiki ke hoʻokuʻu i ka neʻe ʻana o nā iona sodium.
Kumu Hana
Ua like ke kumumanaʻo hana o nā pila sodium-ion me ko nā pila lithium-ion, e pili ana i ka hoʻokomo ʻana a me ka unuhi ʻana o nā ion sodium e hoʻokō ai i ka hoʻoili ʻana o ka uku. I ka wā o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana, puka nā ion sodium mai ka mea anode a komo i ka mea cathode, me nā electrons e kahe ana mai ka anode a i ka cathode, e hoʻokuʻu ana i ka ikehu.
I ka wā e hoʻouka ai, hoʻokaʻawale nā iona sodium mai ka mea cathode a neʻe i loko o ka mea anode ma o ka electrolyte, ʻoiai ke kahe nei nā electrons i loko o ka mea anode ma o ke kaapuni waho. ʻO ke kūpono, ʻo ka hoʻokomo ʻana a me ka unuhi ʻana o nā ions i ka wā e hoʻouka ai a hoʻokuʻu ʻana ʻaʻole ia e hoʻololi i ke ʻano o ka mea a i ʻole e hana i nā hopena ʻaoʻao me ka electrolyte. Eia nō naʻe, ke kū nei ka ʻenehana o kēia manawa i nā pilikia ma muli o ka radius nui o nā ions sodium, kahi e alakaʻi ai i nā loli o ke ʻano o ka mea i ka wā e hoʻokomo ai ka ion, e hopena ana i ka emi ʻana o ka hana pōʻaiapuni a me ke kūpaʻa.
Nā Pōmaikaʻi
Ka nui o ka ikehu:ʻO ka maʻamau, he 100-150 Wh/kg ka nui o ka ikehu o nā cell pākahiko sodium-ion, ʻoiai ʻo ka laulā o nā cell pākahiko lithium-ion mai 120-200 Wh/kg, me nā ʻōnaehana ternary nickel kiʻekiʻe e ʻoi aku ana ma mua o 200 Wh/kg. ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka nui o ka ikehu o nā pākahiko sodium-ion i kēia manawa ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā pākahiko lithium ternary, hiki iā lākou ke uhi hapa a uhi paha i ka pae nui o ka ikehu o nā pākahiko lithium hao phosphate (120-200 Wh/kg) a me nā pākahiko lead-acid (30-50 Wh/kg).
Ka Pae Mahana Hana a me ka Palekana:Hana nā pila sodium-ion ma luna o kahi ākea ākea o ka mahana, maʻamau mai -40°C a i 80°C. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, hana pinepine nā pila lithium-ion ternary ma waena o -20°C a me 60°C, me ka emi ʻana o ka hana ma lalo o 0°C. Hiki i nā pila sodium-ion ke mālama ma luna o 80% State of Charge (SOC) ma -20°C. Eia kekahi, ma muli o ke kū'ē kūloko kiʻekiʻe, ʻaʻole i maʻalahi nā pila sodium-ion i ka hoʻomehana ʻana i ka wā o nā kaapuni pōkole, e hāʻawi ana i ka palekana nui aʻe i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā pila lithium-ion.
Ka Hana Kūpono:ʻO ka hana o ka hoʻouka a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o nā pila sodium-ion e pili pono ana i ka hiki ke neʻe o nā ion sodium ma ka interface electrode-electrolyte. ʻO nā mea e pili ana i ka wikiwiki o ka neʻe ʻana o ka ion e hoʻopilikia i ka hana o ka pila. Eia kekahi, he mea koʻikoʻi ka helu hoʻoheheʻe wela kūloko no ka palekana a me ke ola i ka wā o ka hoʻouka ʻana a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana. Mahalo i ko lākou ʻano kristal, hōʻike nā pila sodium-ion i ka hana maikaʻi, e kūpono ai no ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu a me nā noi lako mana nui.
Ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻouka ʻana:Hiki ke hoʻopiha piha ʻia nā pila sodium-ion i loko o 10 mau minuke, ʻoiai ʻo nā pila lithium ternary e pono ai ma ka liʻiliʻi he 40 mau minuke, a ʻo nā pila lithium iron phosphate e pono ai ma kahi o 45 mau minuke.
Ka Hoʻokaʻawale ʻOihana
Loaʻa nā pākahiko sodium-ion i nā ʻano like ʻole, me nā pākahiko sodium-sulfur, nā pākahiko sodium-salt, nā pākahiko sodium-air, nā pākahiko sodium-ion aqueous, nā pākahiko sodium-ion organik, a me nā pākahiko sodium-ion paʻa.
Ma ka ʻāpana mālama ikehu, ʻo nā pila sodium i hoʻohana nui ʻia ma ke kālepa e komo pū me nā pila sodium-sulfur wela kiʻekiʻe a me nā pila sodium-metal chloride e pili ana i nā ʻōnaehana electrolyte paʻa. Hoʻohana kēia mau ʻōnaehana i ka sodium metala ma ke ʻano he mea anode hana, ʻoi aku ka pololei o ka kapa ʻia ʻana o nā pila sodium. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo ka huaʻōlelo sodium-ion battery e pili ana i nā ʻano ʻekolu hope loa.
Nā Pākahiko Sodium-Sulfur:Hoʻohana kēia i ka sodium wai hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma ke ʻano he anode a me ka sulfur elemental ma ke ʻano he cathode, me ka Al2O3 ceramic paʻa ma ke ʻano he electrolyte a me ka mea hoʻokaʻawale. Loaʻa i nā pila sodium-sulfur kahi ikehu kikoʻī kiʻekiʻe.
Nā Pākahiko Paʻakai-Sodium:Hoʻohana kēia i ka sodium wai ma ke ʻano he anode a me nā mea metala chloride ma ke ʻano he cathode, me ke alakaʻi Na+ Al2O3 ceramic ma ke ʻano he electrolyte.
Nā Pākahiko Ea Sodium:Hoʻohana pinepine ka cathode i nā mea porous, kahi e hāʻawi ai i nā ala no ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ke kinoea a me nā wahi no nā hopena electrode ma muli o ka porosity o ka mea.
Nā Pākahi Sodium-Ion Organic:Hoʻohana kēia i nā mea kalapona paʻakikī a i ʻole nā mea sodium-intercalated no ka anode, me nā mea cathode e pili ana i nā oxides metala hoʻololi a me nā hui polyanionic.
Nā Pākahi Sodium-Ion wai:Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā pila electrolyte organik, hoʻohana nā pila sodium-ion aqueous i nā electrolytes like ʻole, e hāʻawi ana i ka hana palekana kiʻekiʻe.
