Cov tshuab khaws cia hluav taws xob hnub ci hauv tsev ntse tau dhau los ua ntau dua nyob rau ob peb xyoos dhau los. Lub zog ntsuab tuaj yeem muab rau tsev neeg thaum nruab hnub lossis hmo ntuj, thiab nrog lub zog hnub ci, koj tsis tas yuav txhawj txog cov nqi hluav taws xob siab. Qhov no txuag koj cov nyiaj ntawm koj daim nqi hluav taws xob thiab ua kom ntseeg tau tias txhua tus muaj lub neej zoo.
Thaum nruab hnub, lub tshuab khaws hluav taws xob hauv tsev PV yuav sau lub zog hnub ci thiab khaws cia rau hauv nws tus kheej kom nws siv tau los ntawm lub zog thaum hmo ntuj. Yog tias lub zog tawm sai sai, lub tshuab tuaj yeem hloov mus rau lub zog thaub qab sai sai kom paub tseeb tias tag nrho cov teeb, cov khoom siv, thiab lwm yam khoom siv ib txwm ua haujlwm raws li lawv yuav tsum tau ua. Lub roj teeb hauv lub tshuab khaws hluav taws xob hauv tsev tuaj yeem them nws tus kheej thaum tsis siv lub zog. Ua li no, nws tuaj yeem siv thaum lub zog tawm lossis thaum xav tau lub zog tshaj plaws. Lub cuab yeej khaws hluav taws xob hauv tsev tuaj yeem siv ua lub zog thaub qab thaum muaj kev puas tsuaj. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem sib npaug ntawm lub nra ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob, uas txuag tsev neeg cov nyiaj ntawm lawv cov nqi hluav taws xob. Lub tshuab khaws hluav taws xob hauv tsev ntse PV ua haujlwm zoo li lub chaw khaws hluav taws xob me me thiab tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm kev ntxhov siab ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob hauv nroog.
Cov cim lus nug rau cov kws tshaj lij?
Lub tshuab cia hluav taws xob PV hauv tsev muaj zog zoo li no muaj cov khoom siv dab tsi, thiab nws nyob ntawm dab tsi kom ua haujlwm tau? Muaj hom kev daws teeb meem cia hluav taws xob PV hauv tsev dab tsi? Vim li cas nws thiaj li tseem ceeb rau kev xaiv lub tshuab cia hluav taws xob PV hauv tsev zoo?
CEM Kev Paub Txog "Vib nas this"
Lub PV zog cia system rau lub tsev yog dab tsi?
Ib lub tshuab photovoltaic hauv tsev khaws hluav taws xob yog tsim los ntawm lub hnub ci photovoltaic hloov pauv thiab lub tshuab khaws hluav taws xob. Nws tuaj yeem khaws hluav taws xob los ntawm lub hnub. Nrog hom kev teeb tsa no, tib neeg tuaj yeem tsim hluav taws xob thaum nruab hnub thiab khaws cov khoom seem kom siv thaum hmo ntuj lossis thaum tsis muaj teeb pom kev ntau.
Kev faib cov tshuab khaws cia hluav taws xob hauv tsev ua pawg
Tam sim no, muaj ob hom kev khaws cia hluav taws xob hauv tsev: cov uas khi rau lub grid thiab cov uas tsis yog.
Kev daws teeb meem khaws cia hluav taws xob txuas nrog grid rau lub tsev
Cov vaj huam sib luag hnub ci, cov inverters txuas nrog grid, lub tshuab tswj roj teeb (BMS), thiab cov khoom siv AC ua rau nws tsib qhov tseem ceeb. Cov vaj huam sib luag PV thiab lub tshuab khaws cia hluav taws xob ua haujlwm ua ke los muab hluav taws xob rau lub cuab yeej. Thaum lub zog hluav taws xob qhib, ob qho tib si lub tshuab txuas nrog PV grid thiab lub zog hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob muab hluav taws xob rau lub load. Thaum lub zog hluav taws xob tawm mus, ob qho tib si lub tshuab txuas nrog PV grid thiab lub tshuab khaws cia hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob ua ke. Muaj peb txoj hauv kev uas lub tshuab khaws cia hluav taws xob hauv tsev txuas nrog grid tuaj yeem ua haujlwm: Hom 1: PV khaws lub zog thiab xa lub zog ntxiv mus rau Is Taws Nem; Hom 2: PV khaws lub zog thiab pab tus neeg siv nrog qee qhov kev xav tau hluav taws xob; thiab Hom 3: PV tsuas yog khaws qee qhov zog xwb.
Txoj kev tawm ntawm lub network rau kev khaws cia lub zog hauv tsev
Lub PV inverter ua haujlwm tau vim nws cais tawm ntawm lub grid thiab tsis tas yuav txuas nrog nws. Qhov no txhais tau tias tag nrho lub kaw lus tsis xav tau lub converter txuas nrog grid. Lub kaw lus khaws cia hluav taws xob hauv tsev uas tsis yog grid muaj peb hom kev ua haujlwm sib txawv. Hauv hom 1, lub PV muab kev khaws cia hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob rau cov neeg siv thaum hnub ci. Hauv hom 2, lub PV thiab lub roj teeb khaws cia muab hluav taws xob rau cov neeg siv thaum hnub huab. Thiab hauv hom 3, lub roj teeb khaws cia muab hluav taws xob rau cov neeg siv thaum hnub tsaus ntuj thiab los nag.
Lub inverter zoo li lub hlwb thiab lub plawv ntawm lub tshuab khaws hluav taws xob hauv tsev. Nws tsis tuaj yeem cais tawm ntawm lub tshuab, txawm tias nws khi rau lub grid lossis tsis yog.
Puas muaj ib lo lus rau qhov no?
Lub inverter yog ib feem ntawm cov tshuab fais fab. Nws tuaj yeem hloov DC fais fab (los ntawm roj teeb lossis roj teeb tseg) mus rau hauv AC fais fab (220v50HZ sine lossis square wave). Hais yooj yim, lub inverter yog lub tshuab uas hloov cov hluav taws xob ncaj qha (DC) mus rau hauv alternating current (AC). Muaj ib lub converter bridge, control logic, thiab ib lub filter circuit nyob hauv nws. Rectifier diodes thiab thyristors yog ob feem sib xws. Feem ntau cov khoos phis tawj thiab cov khoom siv hauv tsev muaj cov rectifiers (DC mus rau AC) ua rau hauv lawv cov khoom siv fais fab. Cov no hu ua inverters.
Dab tsi ua rau transformers yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm lub system?
Kev xa hluav taws xob AC ua haujlwm zoo dua li kev xa hluav taws xob DC thiab siv los xa lub zog mus rau ntau qhov chaw. Koj tuaj yeem nrhiav seb lub zog poob ntau npaum li cas los ntawm cov xov hlau tam sim no los ntawm kev siv cov qauv P = I2R, uas sawv cev rau "lub zog = square of the current resistance." Txhawm rau txo qhov poob zog, koj yuav tsum txo qhov tam sim no lossis nws qhov tsis kam. Nws nyuaj rau txo qhov tsis kam ntawm cov kab xa hluav taws xob (xws li cov xov tooj liab) vim tias nws raug nqi ntau thiab siv ntau yam kev paub txog kev tshawb fawb. Qhov no txhais tau tias tib txoj hauv kev zoo yog txo qhov zog xa hluav taws xob. Lub zog = Tam sim no x Voltage, lossis tshwj xeeb dua, lub zog ua haujlwm tau zoo = IUcosφ. Txhawm rau txuag hluav taws xob, tam sim no hauv cov kab tuaj yeem raug txo los ntawm kev hloov tam sim no ncaj qha mus rau tam sim no hloov pauv thiab nce lub zog ntawm lub grid.
Ib yam li ntawd, kev tsim hluav taws xob hnub ci photovoltaic siv cov vaj huam sib luag photovoltaic los ua lub zog DC. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau lub nra hnyav xav tau lub zog AC. Muaj qee qhov teeb meem nrog cov tshuab hluav taws xob DC. Nws tsis yooj yim hloov qhov hluav taws xob, thiab cov nra hnyav uas siv tau raug txwv. Txhua lub nra hnyav, tshwj tsis yog qee lub nra hnyav fais fab, yuav tsum siv cov inverters los hloov lub zog DC mus rau lub zog AC. Lub photovoltaic converter yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob hnub ci photovoltaic. Nws hloov lub zog DC los ntawm lub photovoltaic module mus rau hauv lub zog AC, uas tom qab ntawd xa mus rau lub nra hnyav lossis lub zog thiab tiv thaiv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Cov modules fais fab, cov laug cam tswj hwm, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov lim dej, cov reactors, transformers, contactors, txee, thiab lwm yam khoom ua rau lub PV inverter. Kev ua ntej ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, kev sib dhos tshuab, kev sim, kev ntim tshuab, thiab lwm yam kauj ruam ua rau cov txheej txheem tsim khoom. Kev loj hlob ntawm cov kauj ruam no vam khom kev nce qib hauv kev siv tshuab hluav taws xob fais fab, kev siv tshuab semiconductor, thiab kev siv tshuab tswj hwm niaj hnub.
Cov Hom Inverters Sib Txawv
Inverter tuaj yeem faib ua peb pawg no:
1. Inverter txuas nrog lub grid
Ib yam li hloov DC mus rau AC, lub inverter txuas nrog grid tuaj yeem sync nws cov zis AC nrog lub zaus thiab theem ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob. Qhov no txhais tau tias cov zis AC tuaj yeem pub rov qab rau hauv lub zog hluav taws xob. Hauv lwm lo lus, lub inverter txuas nrog grid tuaj yeem txuas rau kab hluav taws xob hauv txoj kev sib dhos. Lub inverter no tuaj yeem xa lub zog uas tsis siv rau lub grid yam tsis muaj roj teeb, thiab nws lub voj voog nkag tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nrog MTTP thev naus laus zis.
2. Cov inverters uas tsis tas yuav txuas nrog lub grid
Cov inverters tawm ntawm lub grid, uas feem ntau txuas rau cov vaj huam sib luag hnub ci, cov turbines cua me me, lossis lwm yam DC fais fab, hloov DC fais fab mus rau AC fais fab uas lub tsev siv tau. Lawv kuj tuaj yeem muab fais fab rau cov khoom siv nrog lub zog los ntawm lub grid thiab roj teeb. Nws hu ua "off-grid" vim tias nws tsis txuas rau lub grid fais fab thiab tsis xav tau lub zog sab nraud.
Cov inverters tawm ntawm lub grid yog thawj lub tshuab siv roj teeb uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm rau microgrids hauv thaj chaw tshwj xeeb. Lub inverter tawm ntawm lub grid tuaj yeem khaws lub zog thiab hloov nws mus rau lwm hom. Nws muaj cov inputs tam sim no, DC inputs, charge inputs ceev, high-capacity DC outputs, thiab ceev AC outputs. Nws siv software tswj los hloov cov input thiab output mob kom cov chaw xws li lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag lossis cov cua me me ua haujlwm tau zoo li sai tau. Nws kuj siv cov zis sine wave ntshiab los txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm lub zog.
Cov roj teeb inverter off-grid yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov tshuab hnub ci off-grid vim tias lawv khaws cov zog uas tuaj yeem siv thaum lub zog tawm lossis thaum tsis muaj hluav taws xob. Cov inverters off-grid kuj pab koj tsawg dua kev vam khom lub grid tseem ceeb, uas tuaj yeem ua rau lub zog tawm, tsaus ntuj, thiab lwm yam teeb meem uas cov tuam txhab tsis tuaj yeem kho.
Lub inverter tawm-grid nrog lub hnub ci charge controller kuj muaj lub sab hauv PWM lossis MPPT lub hnub ci controller uas cia tus neeg siv txuas cov PV inputs rau lub hnub ci inverter thiab pom PV xwm txheej ntawm qhov zaub ntawm lub hnub ci inverter. Qhov no ua rau nws yooj yim rau kev teeb tsa thiab xyuas lub kaw lus. Cov inverters tawm-grid hauv cov cav thaub qab thiab cov roj teeb yog kev sim tus kheej kom paub tseeb tias lub zog zoo ruaj khov thiab puv. Thaum cov qis-wattage siv los ua kom muaj zog rau cov khoom siv hauv tsev, cov siab-wattage feem ntau siv los ua kom muaj zog rau kev lag luam thiab cov haujlwm ntiag tug.
3. Lub Tshuab Hloov Pauv Sib Xyaws
Muaj ob hom inverters hybrid tseem ceeb: ib qho yog off-grid inverter nrog lub solar charge controller ua ke, thiab lwm qhov yog on-grid thiab off-grid inverter uas siv tau rau ob qho tib si grid-connected thiab off-grid photovoltaic systems thiab uas cov roj teeb tuaj yeem teeb tsa tau ntau txoj hauv kev.
Feem ntau, lub transformer ua dab tsi
1. Cov haujlwm rau kev khiav thiab kaw tsis siv neeg
Thaum hnub dhau mus thiab lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub hnub maj mam nce, lub zog ntawm lub hnub ci kuj nce ntxiv. Lub tshuab hluav taws xob PV tuaj yeem siv lub zog hnub ci ntau dua, thiab thaum nws mus txog qib zog tso zis uas xav tau rau lub inverter ua haujlwm, nws tuaj yeem pib khiav ntawm nws tus kheej. Nws yuav tsum tsis ua haujlwm thiab mus rau hauv hom pw tsaug zog thaum lub inverter txuas nrog grid/storage tso zis yog 0 lossis ze rau 0. Qhov no tshwm sim thaum lub zog tso zis ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob PV poob qis.
2. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov nyhuv tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam
Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim hluav taws xob photovoltaic txuas nrog grid, lub tshuab tsim hluav taws xob photovoltaic, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob grid. Thaum lub tshuab hluav taws xob pej xeem poob qis lossis ua haujlwm txawv txawv, qhov cuam tshuam ntawm islanding tshwm sim yog tias lub tshuab tsim hluav taws xob photovoltaic tsis tuaj yeem tso tseg ua haujlwm raws sijhawm lossis raug txiav tawm ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob tab sis tseem muaj hluav taws xob. Nws tsis zoo rau ob qho tib si PV system thiab lub zog thaum muaj cov kob ntawm hluav taws xob.
Lub inverter uas txuas nrog lub grid/energy storage muaj lub voj voog tiv thaiv kev tawg sab hauv uas tuaj yeem ntes tau lub grid hauv lub sijhawm tiag tiag thiab suav nrog voltage, zaus, thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv. Yog tias pom muaj qhov tsis zoo hauv lub grid pej xeem, lub inverter tuaj yeem siv cov nqi ntsuas sib txawv ntawm lub sijhawm kom txiav tawm tam sim no, nres qhov tso zis, thiab tshaj tawm qhov tsis zoo.
3. Kev tswj hwm feature rau qhov siab tshaj plaws fais fab point tracking
Lub inverter uas txuas nrog grid lossis cia khoom siv hluav taws xob yog nws lub luag haujlwm tswj xyuas qhov chaw muaj zog siab tshaj plaws (MPPT function). Lub luag haujlwm no cia lub inverter nrhiav thiab saib lub zog tso zis siab tshaj plaws ntawm nws cov khoom hauv lub sijhawm tiag tiag.
Muaj ntau yam uas tuaj yeem hloov lub zog tso zis ntawm lub PV system, thiab nws tsis yog ib txwm ua tau kom nws nyob ntawm nws qhov tso zis zoo tshaj plaws.
Lub inverter txuas nrog grid/storage muaj nuj nqi MPPT uas taug qab tau qhov tso zis hluav taws xob siab tshaj plaws ntawm txhua yam khoom hauv lub sijhawm tiag tiag. Tom qab ntawd nws tuaj yeem kho qhov voltage (lossis tam sim no) ntawm lub system kom nws nyob ze rau qhov chaw tso zis siab tshaj plaws, uas yuav ua rau lub zog tsim los ntawm lub PV system siab tshaj plaws thiab xyuas kom meej tias nws tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tas mus li thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo.
4. Lub ntsej muag ntse rau kev saib xyuas cov hlua
Raws li thawj qhov kev taug qab MPPT, lub inverter txuas nrog grid/energy storage twb ua tiav qhov kev tshawb nrhiav hlua ntse lawm. Kev tshawb nrhiav hlua xyuas qhov voltage thiab tam sim no rau txhua txoj hlua ceg kom raug, tsis zoo li kev taug qab MPPT. Qhov no cia tus neeg siv pom cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm tiag tiag ntawm txhua txoj hlua.
Cov txheej txheem khaws cia lub zog uas tib neeg xav tau tam sim no yog BMS roj teeb tswj lub cev, lub PV grid-connected inverter, thiab lub energy storage inverter. Yuav kom ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau no rau cov khoom siv khaws cia lub zog hauv tsev thiab los ua ke cov yam ntxwv kev nyab xeeb ntawm txhua lub voj voog PV system, Huashengchang tau tso tawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem khaws cia lub zog PV hauv tsev. Cov txheej txheem no feem ntau muaj cov inverters txuas nrog grid thiab cov inverters hybrid.
