Ib txoj kev siv tshuab hu ua photovoltaic fais fab generation hloov lub zog teeb ncaj qha mus rau hauv hluav taws xob los ntawm kev siv cov nyhuv photovoltaic ntawm qhov sib txuas ntawm semiconductor. Lub vaj huam sib luag hnub ci (module), maub los, thiab inverter yog nws peb lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ua rau feem ntau ntawm nws cov ntu tseem ceeb. Ib lub module hnub ci loj yog tsim los ntawm kev txuas cov hlwb hnub ci ua ke, qhwv lawv rau kev tiv thaiv, thiab ntxiv cov maub los tswj hwm hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom ntxiv los tsim lub cuab yeej tsim hluav taws xob photovoltaic.
1. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim hluav taws xob hnub ci yog dab tsi?
Lub zog fais fab photovoltaic yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov pauv lub zog hnub ci ncaj qha mus rau hauv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob.
Lub zog photovoltaic tam sim no yog txoj hauv kev siv ntau tshaj plaws los tsim hluav taws xob los ntawm lub hnub. Yog li ntawd, lub zog hnub ci tam sim no feem ntau hu ua lub zog photovoltaic.
2. Cov roj teeb hnub ci tsim hluav taws xob li cas?
Lub photovoltaic cell yog hom yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm lub zog photovoltaic, vim nws yog ib lub cuab yeej semiconductor uas hloov lub teeb thiab hluav taws xob ncaj qha los ntawm lub zog hnub ci mus rau hauv hluav taws xob ncaj qha.
Kev siv cov khoom siv crystalline silicon nrog cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb (xws li phosphorus, boron, thiab lwm yam) ua rau muaj kev tsis sib npaug ntawm cov khoom siv molecular, ua rau cov khoom siv semiconductor nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau cov yam ntxwv hluav taws xob sib txawv ntawm photovoltaic cells.
Thaum raug tshav ntuj, cov semiconductors uas muaj cov yam ntxwv hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem tsim cov nqi hluav taws xob dawb. Thaum cov kawg raug kaw, cov nqi hluav taws xob dawb sib sau ua ke thiab txav mus rau hauv ib qho kev taw qhia, tsim lub zog hluav taws xob.
3. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tsim hluav taws xob photovoltaic muaj dab tsi?
1). Qhov dav
Lub ntiaj teb nto yog lub hnub ci, thiab qhov no tuaj yeem siv thiab siv tau txawm tias nyob qhov twg los xij - av, dej hiav txwv, roob, lossis av tiaj tus. Txawm hais tias lub sijhawm thiab qhov muaj zog ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob sib txawv, nws tau tawg dav dav thiab yuav tsis raug cuam tshuam los ntawm huab cua lossis qhov chaw.
2). Kev ruaj khov thiab kev tsis kawg
Lub hnub tsim tau lub zog nuclear txaus ntawm qhov nrawm no los muab zog rau kaum txhiab lab xyoo ntawm cov hydrogen cia. Vim muaj kev puas tsuaj loj heev ntawm ecology niaj hnub no, lub zog hnub ci yog lub zog huv si, rov ua dua tshiab tau uas muaj tsis kawg.
3). Cov chaw teeb tsa uas hloov tau yooj yim
Lub ru tsev qhib muab qhov zoo ntawm kev tsis raug cuam tshuam los ntawm lub tsev qhov kev coj, cia lub teeb mus txog sab hauv ntev thiab txo qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov duab ntxoov ntxoo. Ntxiv nrog rau kev muab tso rau ntawm cov ru tsev nyob, kev tsim hluav taws xob photovoltaic kuj tseem tuaj yeem pom hauv cov tsev lag luam, qhov twg lub zog hnub ci siv los tsim hluav taws xob kom tau raws li qhov xav tau hluav taws xob ntawm lub chaw. Kev txhim kho cov thev naus laus zis photovoltaic faib rau ntawm ru tsev kuj tseem tuaj yeem daws qhov teeb meem ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob thoob plaws lub nroog hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev kho dua tshiab hauv nroog.
4). Ntsuab ntsuab
Ntau zaus, qhov uas lub TV nrov dua thiab cov ntxaij vab tshaus ci dua siv hluav taws xob ntau dua. Tsis yog tsuas yog txo qhov kaj thiab qhov ntim xwb thiaj tiv thaiv tau qhov muag thiab pob ntseg xwb, tab sis nws kuj tseem txuag hluav taws xob.
5). Txhim kho lub teb chaws txoj kev ruaj ntseg zog
Cov neeg tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub teb chaws los ntawm kev txo lawv txoj kev vam khom rau kev tsim hluav taws xob los ntawm roj av thiab yog li ntawd thiaj li tiv thaiv tau kev kub ntxhov ntawm lub zog thiab kev tsis ruaj khov ntawm kev ua lag luam roj. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev siv cov hluav taws xob photovoltaic.
6). Cov nqi kho thiab ua haujlwm tsawg kawg nkaus
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub zog photovoltaic yog ruaj khov thiab txhim khu kev qha, thiab nws tsis muaj cov khoom siv kis tau. Thaum ua ke nrog kev siv dav dav ntawm cov thev naus laus zis tswj hwm tsis siv neeg, ib pawg ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob photovoltaic tuaj yeem tsim hluav taws xob ntev li ntev tau muaj lub hnub ci cell module. Qhov no ua rau cov nqi kho pheej yig uas tuaj yeem ua tiav yam tsis muaj kev saib xyuas.
4. Muaj hom phiaj xwm tsim hluav taws xob los ntawm lub hnub ci li cas?
Cov phiaj xwm PV tuaj yeem raug faib ua "faib tawm" lossis "centralized" raws li lawv qhov kev teeb tsa.
Faib Tawm: Cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob photovoltaic ntawm qhov loj me tshwj xeeb uas tau teeb tsa ntawm qhov chaw ntawm tus neeg siv lossis txuas nrog lub network hluav taws xob raug xa mus rau cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob photovoltaic faib tawm. Hom chaw tsim hluav taws xob no tuaj yeem muab hluav taws xob ncaj qha rau cov neeg nyob ze thiab feem ntau yog teeb tsa rau hauv av, phab ntsa, lossis ru tsev.
Nruab Nrab: feem ntau siv rau hauv qhov chaw dav xws li roob thiab suab puam. Los ntawm kev siv ntau lub photovoltaic panels lossis lub hnub ci tracking systems, hom fais fab no sau lub zog hnub ci thiab hloov nws mus ua hluav taws xob uas xa mus rau cov neeg siv khoom uas nyob deb ntawm qhov chaw tsim hluav taws xob.
Cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob photovoltaic uas sib xyaw ua ke hauv tsev: Cov no yog tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw cov thev naus laus zis tsim hluav taws xob hnub ci nrog lub tsev lub qauv, ua rau lub hnub ci ua ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov qauv. Hom chaw tsim hluav taws xob no tuaj yeem ntsia tau rau ntawm lub sam thiaj ntawm lub tsev, phab ntsa ntaub thaiv, ru tsev, lossis lwm qhov chaw.
Cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob PV kuj tseem tuaj yeem muab faib ua pawg hauv qab no raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev siv tshuab thiab cov xwm txheej ntawm daim ntawv thov:
Chaw tsim hluav taws xob PV hauv tsev: feem ntau siv rau hauv cov tsev nyob, nws yog lub tshuab tsim hluav taws xob PV me me. Txhawm rau kom tau raws li lawv cov kev xav tau hluav taws xob, cov tswv tsev tuaj yeem teeb tsa cov vaj huam sib luag hnub ci rau ntawm lawv lub ru tsev thiab tsim hluav taws xob rov ua dua tshiab.
Cov chaw fais fab PV rau kev lag luam: poob ntawm cov chaw fais fab PV hauv nruab nrab thiab cov chaw fais fab PV rau cov tsev nyob hauv qhov loj me, thiab lawv tsim nyog rau kev siv hauv cov tsev lag luam, cov chaw ua lag luam, thiab lwm qhov chaw.
Cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob photovoltaic nyob deb nroog: feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov cheeb tsam nyob deb nroog, qhov chaw uas lawv muab lub zog huv rau cov neeg ua liaj ua teb thiab daws qhov teeb meem ntawm kev tsis txaus hluav taws xob.
Cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob photovoltaic nyob deb nroog: feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov cheeb tsam nyob deb nroog, qhov chaw uas lawv muab lub zog huv rau cov neeg ua liaj ua teb thiab daws qhov teeb meem ntawm kev tsis txaus hluav taws xob.
Chaw tsim hluav taws xob PV rau pej xeem: nws piav qhia txog kev siv thev naus laus zis tsim hluav taws xob hnub ci hauv cov chaw uas pej xeem feem ntau nyob, xws li chaw nres tsheb npav, tsev kawm ntawv, thiab tsev kho mob.
Chaw tsim hluav taws xob photovoltaic ntab: Hom tshuab tsim hluav taws xob no feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov pas dej, pas dej, thiab lwm yam dej uas cov vaj huam sib luag photovoltaic tau teeb tsa rau ntawm qhov dej.
5. Dab tsi ua rau lub zog photovoltaic yog qhov chaw muaj zog tsawg carbon thiab ntsuab?
Raws li cov txiaj ntsig tshawb fawb los ntawm World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), kev teeb tsa lub zog tsim hluav taws xob photovoltaic 1 kW tuaj yeem tsim tau 1200 kWh hluav taws xob hauv ib xyoos, txo kev siv thee (tus qauv thee) los ntawm kwv yees li 400 kg, thiab txo cov pa roj carbon dioxide los ntawm kwv yees li 1 ton. Kev tsim hluav taws xob photovoltaic muaj zog tseem ceeb, kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, thiab cov txiaj ntsig kev lag luam. Nws yog ib qho ntawm lub zog ntsuab zoo tshaj plaws hauv peb lub tebchaws.
Kev tsim cov chaw siv hluav taws xob rov ua dua tshiab, xws li kev tsim hluav taws xob photovoltaic, yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo los daws cov teeb meem ib puag ncig xws li pos huab thiab nag acid. Raws li cov txiaj ntsig tshawb fawb los ntawm World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), kev teeb tsa ib lub tshuab hluav taws xob photovoltaic ib square meter yog sib npaug rau kev cog 100 square meters ntawm cov ntoo.
