Raws li ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim hluav taws xob photovoltaic, lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm lub inverter yog hloov cov hluav taws xob ncaj qha los ntawm cov photovoltaic modules mus rau hauv hluav taws xob hloov pauv. Tam sim no, cov inverter feem ntau hauv kev ua lag luam feem ntau yog muab faib ua centralized inverter thiab pawg series inverter, thiab cov inverter faib tawm tshiab.
Nws ua haujlwm li cas:
· Series inverter: ib series ntawm cov photovoltaic cells rau hauv high-voltage DC input, thiab tom qab ntawd hloov mus rau AC output.
· Cov inverters sib luag: ntau lub photovoltaic cells txuas ua ke kom nce tag nrho cov tam sim no, uas tom qab ntawd hloov mus rau AC tso zis.
· Choj inverter: kev siv lub voj voog choj rau kev hloov pauv dc-rau-ac.
· Lub tshuab hluav taws xob hloov pauv zaus nruab nrab: los ntawm kev hloov cov tswv yim DC mus rau hauv AC zaus nruab nrab, uas tau hloov pauv hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob kom tau txais cov zis AC xav tau.
Raws li cov zis waveform:
· Sine wave inverter: qhov tso zis yog sine wave ntshiab, tsim nyog rau qhov xav tau zoo ntawm lub zog ntawm cov ntawv thov siab dua.
· Hloov kho sinusoidal inverter: lub waveform tso zis yog lub waveform sinusoidal hloov kho, nrog rau qee qhov harmonic Cheebtsam txiav rau feem ntau hauv tsev thiab kev siv lag luam.
· Square wave inverter: lub waveform tso zis yog square wave, yooj yim thiab pheej yig, tab sis yuav qhia ntau harmonics.
· Pulse width modulation (PWM) inverter: kev siv cov thev naus laus zis PWM siab los tsim cov zis ze-sinusoidal waveform.
Raws li thaj chaw ntawm daim ntawv thov:
· Lub inverter ywj pheej: rau cov kab ke tsim hluav taws xob ywj pheej uas tsis yog lub zog hluav taws xob tseem ceeb, xws li teeb pom kev zoo, kev muab hluav taws xob, thiab lwm yam.
· Lub hnub ci inverter: txuas lub zog photovoltaic rau lub grid tseem ceeb thiab txhaj lub zog ntau dhau rau hauv lub grid thaum nws tsis xav tau, thiab tau txais lub zog tsis txaus los ntawm lub grid.
· Micro-grid inverter: micro-grid system tuaj yeem ua tiav kev sib txuas lus thiab kev tswj hwm, yuav yog cov chaw muab hluav taws xob sib txawv (xws li lub hnub ci, cua, thiab lwm yam) thiab thauj khoom txuas nrog.
Cov no yog qee pawg inverter hnub ci uas siv ntau. Cov inverters sib txawv muaj cov yam ntxwv sib txawv thiab cov xwm txheej siv tau. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xaiv hom inverter raws li cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb thiab cov xwm txheej siv.
Lub hnub ci inverter yog dab tsi rau:
Lub inverter hnub ci siv los hloov cov hluav taws xob ncaj qha (DC) uas tsim los ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag photovoltaic (cov vaj huam sib luag hnub ci) mus rau hauv hluav taws xob hloov pauv (AC). Cov vaj huam sib luag photovoltaic hloov lub hnub ci mus ua hluav taws xob ncaj qha, thiab lub inverter hnub ci hloov cov hluav taws xob ncaj qha ntawd mus rau hauv hluav taws xob hloov pauv uas peb ib txwm siv los ua hluav taws xob rau cov tsev, kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam.
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm lub hnub ci inverter yog raws li nram no:
1. Kev Hloov Pauv Fais Fab: lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag tso zis ntawm DC mus rau hauv AC fais fab kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm lub zog fais fab. Alternating current (AC) yog hom hluav taws xob siv hauv peb lub neej txhua hnub thiab kev tsim khoom lag luam.
2. Txuas nrog Grid: rau cov tshuab photovoltaic txuas nrog lub grid, lub hnub ci inverter tuaj yeem txhaj cov fais fab ntau dhau rau hauv lub grid kom txo qhov kev vam khom ntawm lub grid thiab tsim kom muaj qee qhov nyiaj tau los hauv online.
3. Kev tswj fais fab: lub hnub ci inverter feem ntau muaj peev xwm saib xyuas thiab tswj hwm lub PV system, saib xyuas qhov xwm txheej, tam sim no, voltage, thiab lwm yam ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag PV hauv lub sijhawm tiag tiag, los muab cov neeg siv lub peev xwm los saib xyuas thiab ua kom zoo dua qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm PV systems.
4. Kev Tiv Thaiv: lub hnub ci inverter feem ntau muaj kev tiv thaiv overload, kev tiv thaiv luv luv, kev tiv thaiv overvoltage, kev tiv thaiv undervoltage, thiab lwm yam kom ntseeg tau tias kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm lub PV system.
Hauv ntej, lub hnub ci inverter ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov tshuab photovoltaic, hloov lub zog teeb mus rau hauv cov hluav taws xob hloov pauv uas muaj txiaj ntsig, tso cai rau lub hnub ci siv rau kev muab hluav taws xob thiab kev nkag mus rau hauv lub network, kom ua tiav kev txhim kho kom ruaj khov thiab kev txuag hluav taws xob thiab txo cov pa phem.
Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm inverter suav nrog cov pawg hauv qab no:
1. Lub cuab yeej semiconductor: qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub inverter yog lub cuab yeej Power semiconductor, feem ntau siv lub zog Transistor (IGBT) lossis lub hlau-oxide-semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (MOSFET). Cov cuab yeej no yog siv los hloov lub zog hluav taws xob los ntawm DC mus rau AC.
2. Cov Capacitors thiab inductors: cov capacitors thiab inductors kuj siv rau hauv cov inverters los khaws thiab lim lub zog hluav taws xob. Cov capacitors ua kom lub zog hluav taws xob thiab tam sim no du, thaum cov inductors lim tawm cov suab nrov thiab harmonics siab.
3. Lub dab dej kub thiab cov khoom siv dab dej kub: Lub zog fais fab hauv lub inverter yuav tsim ntau lub cua sov, xav tau lub dab dej kub thiab cov khoom siv dab dej kub kom txo qhov kub thiab txias, xyuas kom meej tias lub cuab yeej ua haujlwm li qub. Cov radiators feem ntau yog ua los ntawm txhuas lossis tooj liab kom muab thaj chaw txias txaus.
4. PCB (Printed Circuit Board): PCB yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev teeb tsa thiab kev txuas ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv lub inverter, nrog rau kev ua hluav taws xob zoo thiab lub zog kho tshuab. Kev tsim qauv ntawm lub inverter circuit yuav raws li qhov xav tau hluav taws xob thiab kev teeb tsa ntawm lub circuit rau cov xov hlau thiab kev sib txuas.
5. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv hauv Circuit Court: lub inverter kuj tseem yuav tsum siv ntau yam khoom siv hauv Circuit Court, xws li diodes, resistors, transformers, fuses, connectors, thiab lwm yam rau kev tswj Circuit Court, kev tiv thaiv thiab kev sib txuas.
Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, lub rooj plaub ntawm lub inverter feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov khoom siv hlau, xws li txhuas hlau lossis hlau phaj, siv los muab kev tiv thaiv zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm kub dissipation.
Cov no yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb ntawm lub inverter, cov ntaub ntawv no hauv kev tsim thiab tsim khoom ntawm lub inverter ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua kom muaj kev ua tau zoo thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm lub inverter.
