Chidule cha malingaliro akuluakulu omwe ali kumbuyo kwa magwero amagetsi a photovoltaic
Kusankha mwadongosolo m'magulu
Pali mitundu iwiri ya makina a photovoltaic: omwe amagwira ntchito popanda kulumikizidwa ndi gridi ndi omwe amagwira ntchito.
1. Dongosolo lodziyimira pawokha la PV limadziwikanso kuti njira yosakhala ndi gridi. Gawo la solar cell, mota, ndi accumulator ndi zomwe zimapanga zigawo zazikulu za dongosololi. Muyenera kukhazikitsa chosinthira cha AC kuti muyatse mphamvu yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito alternating current (AC). Makina odziyimira pawokha a photovoltaic amaphatikizapo mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamagetsi odziyimira pawokha, monga makina amagetsi ...
2. Njira yamagetsi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa gridi imasintha mphamvu yamagetsi yolunjika yopangidwa ndi ma solar panels kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi yosinthika yomwe imagwira ntchito ndi gridi yamagetsi ya mzinda. Izi zimapangitsa kuti ilumikizane mwachindunji ndi gridi ya anthu onse. Izi zitha kutchedwa "gridi-connected" units, ndipo mwina zingakhale ndi mabatire kapena ayi. Makina amagetsi omwe amalumikizidwa ndi gridi ndipo ali ndi ma accumulators amatha kukonzedwa mosavuta kuti alumikizane kapena kuchotsedwa pa gridi ngati pakufunika. Makina a PV olumikizidwa ndi gridi m'nyumba nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ma accumulators. Koma makina akuluakulu nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi makina a PV olumikizidwa ndi gridi opanda ma accumulators, omwe sangakonzedwe nthawi ndipo alibe mphamvu yobwezera. Malo akuluakulu opangira magetsi a photovoltaic omwe amalumikizidwa ku gridi yamagetsi yadziko lonse amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yolumikizidwa ndi gridi. Mphamvu yochokera ku malo awa imapita mwachindunji ku nyumba ndi mabizinesi kudzera mu gridi. Kumbali ina, kuyika ndalama mu fakitala yamagetsi yamtunduwu, kumbali ina, kumawononga ndalama zambiri, kumatenga nthawi yayitali kumanga, kumatenga malo ambiri, ndipo sikunapite patsogolo kwambiri posachedwapa. Ma PV ambiri olumikizidwa ndi gridi ndi ma PV ang'onoang'ono olumikizidwa ndi gridi, monga ma solar panels omangidwa m'nyumba. Izi zili choncho chifukwa zimafuna ndalama zochepa kuti zimangidwe, zimatha kuchitika mwachangu, sizimasiya zotsatira zambiri, ndipo zimathandizidwa kwambiri ndi ndale.
Zigawo za zida
Dongosolo lamagetsi la photovoltaic limaphatikizapo solar array, batire yosungiramo zinthu, chowongolera cha chaji ndi kutulutsa, inverter, bokosi logawa ma AC, dongosolo lowongolera kutsata kwa dzuwa, ndi zina zofunika.
Zida zina zimagwira ntchito motere:
Chipangizo chamagetsi cha dzuwa
Kuwala, monga kwa dzuwa kapena magwero ena a kuwala, kumapangitsa selo kutenga mphamvu ndikupanga mphamvu yodabwitsa mbali zonse ziwiri. Dzina la izi ndi "voltage yopangidwa ndi chithunzi." Anthu ambiri amatcha izi kuti photoelectric effect. Kuti kuwala kukhale magetsi, mphamvu yamagetsi iyenera kukhalapo pakati pa malekezero awiri a solar cell. Dzina la izi ndi solar effect. N'zosavuta kusintha mphamvu kukhala china pogwiritsa ntchito solar cells. Solar cells amapangidwa ndi mitundu itatu yosiyanasiyana ya silicon cells: amorphous silicon solar cells, poly-crystalline silicon solar cells, ndi mono-crystalline silicon solar cells.
Batri yomwe imasunga mphamvu
Pamene ma solar cell array atsegulidwa, utility model imatha kusunga mphamvu yomwe imapanga ndikutumiza ku katundu nthawi iliyonse ya tsiku. Kuti ma solar cell apange mphamvu, amafunika kukhala otsika mtengo, okhalitsa nthawi yayitali, otulutsa madzi ambiri bwino, ochaja mwachangu, komanso osafunikira kukonza kwambiri kapena osafunikira. Ayeneranso kukhala okhoza kugwira ntchito kutentha kosiyanasiyana.
Zowongolera za kulipira ndi kutulutsa
Popanda thandizo lililonse kuchokera kwa inu, chida ichi chingalepheretse mabatire kuyatsa kapena kutulutsa mphamvu mwachangu kwambiri. Kangati komanso kuchuluka kwa batire yomwe imatuluka mphamvu kumatsimikiza nthawi yomwe idzakhalapo. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kwambiri kukhala ndi chowunikira cha kuyatsa ndi kutulutsa mphamvu chomwe chingalepheretse batire kukhala ndi mphamvu zambiri kapena zochepa.
AC ndi yosiyana ndi DC, ndipo jenereta imasintha DC kukhala AC
Chinthu chomwe chimasintha mphamvu yolunjika kukhala mphamvu yosinthira. Katundu wake ndi AC, koma ma solar cell ndi mabatire ndi DC, kotero payenera kukhala switch. Kutengera momwe amagwirira ntchito, inverter ikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: inverter ya solar yomwe imagwira ntchito yokha ndi imodzi yomwe imalumikizidwa ndi gridi yamagetsi. Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito ma solar cell okha kupanga magetsi, mutha kuyambitsa mphamvu yosiyana ndi jenereta yoyima yokha. Transformer ya solar yomwe imalumikizidwa ndi gridi yamagetsi ndi yomwe imapangitsa kuti mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi igwire ntchito ndi gridi. Ma inverter amabwera m'mitundu iwiri yosiyana: ma sine wave inverters ndi ma square wave inverters. Ndikosavuta komanso kotsika mtengo kupanga square-wave converter circuit, koma ili ndi harmonic component yayikulu. Zosowa za harmonic za ma watts mazana angapo kapena kuchepera ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Ma sine wave inverters ndi okwera mtengo, koma amatha kuyambitsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana.
Chida chomwe chimayang'anira kutsatira kwa dzuwa
Ngodya ya kuwala kwa Dzuwa imasintha chaka chonse pamene dzuwa likutuluka ndi kulowa m'nyengo ya masika, chilimwe, nthawi yophukira, ndi yozizira. Izi zili choncho chifukwa makinawa amakhala pamalo okhazikika. Kuti azigwira ntchito bwino, maselo a dzuwa ayenera kuyang'ana dzuwa nthawi zonse. Pakadali pano, chipangizo chotsata Dzuwa chiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito longitude ndi latitude yake kuti chidziwe ngodya yomwe Dzuwa lili nthawi zosiyanasiyana pachaka. etc., PLC, microcontroller, kapena mapulogalamu apakompyuta azisunga malo a Dzuwa nthawi zonse pachaka. Izi zimachitika powerengera malo a Dzuwa kuti akwaniritse kutsatira. Chiphunzitso cha deta ya pakompyuta chimagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo chimafunikira deta ya longitude ndi latitude ya dziko lapansi ndi makonda ake. Ikakhazikitsidwa, sikophweka kusuntha kapena kuchotsa; deta ndi magawo ziyenera kubwezeretsedwanso nthawi iliyonse. Mfundo, ma circuitry, ukadaulo, ndi zida ndizovuta, ndipo anthu omwe si akatswiri sangasinthe mosavuta. Ma tracker anzeru a dzuwa amatha kuyikidwa pamagalimoto othamanga ndi sitima, komanso zombo, asitikali apamadzi, magalimoto olumikizirana mwadzidzidzi, ndi magalimoto apadera ankhondo. Chipangizo chowunikira dzuwa chanzeru chingatsimikizire kuti dongosololi likuyenda bwino ndi Dzuwa mosasamala kanthu za komwe likupita kapena momwe likutembenukira.
Zimene mungachite ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa
Mphamvu ya kuwala kwa dzuwa ya kuyanjana kwa semiconductor ndiyo mphamvu ya kuwala kwa dzuwa (PV). Imasintha kuwala kukhala magetsi. Selo la dzuwa ndilo gawo lofunika kwambiri. Ma module a dzuwa a m'dera lalikulu amatha kupangidwa poyika ma solar cells motsatizana ndikuwateteza. Ma module awa amatha kuyikidwa pamodzi ndi owongolera magetsi ndi ziwalo zina kuti apange chipangizo chopangira magetsi cha kuwala kwa dzuwa. PV ndi yabwino chifukwa ingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo ambiri chifukwa dzuwa limawala kulikonse. Ubwino wina wa makina a PV ndikuti ndi otetezeka komanso odalirika, sapanga phokoso kapena kuipitsa, sagwiritsa ntchito mafuta, ndipo zingwe za chingwe zimatha kuyikidwa pamalopo, zomwe zimafulumizitsa ntchito yomanga. Mphamvu ya kuwala kwa dzuwa imagwiritsa ntchito ma solar cells kuti asinthe kuwala kwa dzuwa kukhala magetsi mwachindunji, kutengera lingaliro la mphamvu ya kuwala kwa dzuwa. Makina amagetsi a kuwala kwa dzuwa nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi ma solar panels (omwe amatchedwanso ma modules), owongolera, ndi ma inverter. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito yokha kapena yolumikizidwa ndi gridi yamagetsi. Popeza zambiri mwa zigawozi ndi zamagetsi osati zamakanika, zida za PV zimapangidwa bwino kwambiri, zodalirika, zokhalitsa, komanso zosavuta kukhazikitsa ndi kupitiriza nazo. Ukadaulo wa photovoltaic ungagwiritsidwe ntchito pa chilichonse, kuyambira kuyendetsa zombo za m'mlengalenga mpaka nyumba, kuyambira masewera mpaka magetsi okwana megawatt, ndi zina zambiri.
Ma cell a dzuwa, omwe amabwera mu ma wafers monga mono-crystalline silicon, poly-crystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, ndi ma cell thin film, ndi magawo ofunikira kwambiri a solar photovoltaic. Pakadali pano, mabatire a single crystal ndi poly-crystal ndi mabatire otchuka kwambiri a amorphous pamakina ang'onoang'ono komanso mphamvu yosungira makompyuta.
