M'madera ena, palibe malo ambiri oti makina a photovoltaic (PV) alumikizidwe ku gridi. Ndiye n'chifukwa chiyani tikuyika ena ambiri chonchi? Kodi palidi kufunikira kwakukulu chonchi?
Anthu nthawi zambiri amatsutsa magetsi a PV ndi mphamvu ya mphepo ngati "magetsi osafunikira," omwe amapezeka akasowa komanso osapezeka akasowa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta zazikulu pa gridi yamagetsi. Makampaniwa nawonso ndi ampikisano kwambiri. Kodi akadali oyenera kugwira ntchito m'munda umenewu?
Pali kusamvetsetsana apa. Malinga ndi Msonkhano Wowunikira Kukula kwa Mphamvu Yobwezeretsanso womwe unachitika mu February uno, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya mphepo yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi 96.8%, ndipo mphamvu ya PV ndi 98.3%. Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu imeneyi ndi kwakukulu kwambiri, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti pafupifupi magetsi onse omwe amapangidwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo pakadali pano, palibe vuto la kuchepetsa mphamvu ya mphepo kapena PV. Mu kotala yoyamba ya 2024, mphamvu yokhazikika ya mphamvu yongowonjezwdwa idapitilira ma kilowatts 1.585 biliyoni, pomwe mphepo ndi PV zimayimira ma kilowatts 1.1 biliyoni, zomwe zimapanga 52.9% ya mphamvu yonse yoyikidwa. Pofika chaka cha 2060, mphamvu yokhazikika ya mphepo ndi PV ikuyembekezeka kufika ma kilowatts 6 biliyoni. Kuti tikwaniritse cholinga ichi, tifunika kuwonjezera ma kilowatts 150 miliyoni a mphamvu yoyikidwa chaka chilichonse. Komabe, vuto lalikulu ndilakuti madera omwe amafunikira magetsi ambiri nthawi zambiri amakhala opanda malo oyika, pomwe madera omwe ali ndi malo alibe mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito. Chifukwa chake, tifunika kupanga mizere yatsopano yamagetsi amphamvu kwambiri (UHV), maukonde ogawa, ndi makina osungira zinthu nthawi zosiyanasiyana.
Mu 2024, ndalama zomwe dziko lonse limagwiritsa ntchito mu gawo la magetsi zikuyembekezeka kufika pafupifupi $400 biliyoni, ndipo ndalama zoposa $50 biliyoni zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito muukadaulo wosungira mabatire, zomwe 80% mwa izo zidzaperekedwa kudziko lathu. Izi zikuwonetsa momwe chitukuko chatsopano cha mphamvu chikukhudzira kukula kwachuma.
Malinga ndi lipoti la pachaka la International Energy Agency's Annual Energy Investment Report, ndalama zomwe zayikidwa padziko lonse lapansi mu mphamvu mu 2024 zidzapitirira $3 trillion kwa nthawi yoyamba, ndipo $2 trillion idzagwiritsidwa ntchito mumakampani opanga mphamvu zoyera, kuphatikizapo mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso, magalimoto amagetsi, mphamvu za nyukiliya, ndi malo osungiramo zinthu. China yokha ikuyembekezeka kuyika $675 biliyoni, yofanana ndi ndalama zomwe US ndi EU adayika. China, US, ndi EU pamodzi zidzapanga magawo awiri mwa atatu a ndalama zomwe zayikidwa padziko lonse lapansi mu mphamvu zoyera mu 2024.
Kuchokera pamalingaliro okhudza kusintha kwa chitetezo cha mphamvu ndi kukula kwachuma komwe kumayendetsedwa ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito mpweya wa kaboni kawiri, chitukuko cha mphamvu zatsopano mosakayikira n'chofunikira kwambiri. Ichi ndichifukwa chake mapulani a mzinda oyesa kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa kaboni akugogomezera kukulitsa kuyika kwa ma PV ndipo chifukwa chake tikuwona mapulogalamu monga pulojekiti ya "100 Counties, 1000 Towns, ndi 10,000 Villages", yomwe ikuphatikizapo zochitika monga "Wind Action," "Sunshine Action," magalimoto atsopano amagetsi omwe amapita kumidzi, komanso malo ochapira magetsi m'mudzi wonse.
