N'zoonekeratu kuti malire a gawo latsopano la mphamvu ndi okwera kuposa momwe amayembekezera, ndipo ndalama zikuchulukirabe, zikuoneka kuti zikufunafuna "Contemporary Amperex Technology" kapena "BYD" yotsatira.
Chidule
Mabatire a sodium-ion (omwe amatchedwa "mabatire a sodium") ndi mtundu wa batire yomwe ingadzazidwenso yomwe imagwira ntchito poyendetsa ma ayoni a sodium pakati pa cathode ndi anode panthawi yochaja ndi kutulutsa. Kapangidwe kake ndi kagwiridwe kake ndi kofanana ndi mabatire a lithiamu-ion omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Sodium ndi lithiamu zonse zili m'gulu lomwelo la zinthu ndipo zimakhala ndi machitidwe ofanana a "rocking chair" electrochemical charging and discharge. Panthawi yochaja batire ya sodium-ion, ma sodium ion amachoka mu cathode ndikulowa mu anode pomwe ma elekitironi amayenda kudzera mu dera lakunja. Ma sodium ion ambiri omwe ali mu anode, mphamvu yochaja imakwera. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, panthawi yotulutsa, ma sodium ion amabwerera kuchokera ku anode kupita ku cathode, zomwe zimawonjezera mphamvu yotulutsa pamene ma sodium ion ambiri amabwerera m'mbuyo.
Mfundo Yogwirira Ntchito
Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya mabatire a sodium-ion ndi yofanana ndi ya mabatire a lithiamu-ion, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kuyika ndi kutulutsa ma sodium ions kuti akwaniritse kusamutsa mphamvu. Pakutulutsa, ma sodium ions amatuluka mu anode ndikulowa mu cathode, ndi ma elekitironi akutuluka kuchokera ku anode kupita ku cathode, ndikutulutsa mphamvu.
Pakuchaja, ma ayoni a sodium amachoka pa zinthu za cathode ndikulowa mu zinthu za anode kudzera mu electrolyte, pomwe ma elekitironi amalowa mu zinthu za anode kudzera mu dera lakunja. Mwanjira yabwino, kuyika ndi kutulutsa ma ayoni panthawi yochaja ndi kutulutsa sikuyenera kusintha kapangidwe ka chinthucho kapena kuyambitsa zotsatira zoyipa ndi electrolyte. Komabe, ukadaulo wamakono umakumana ndi zovuta chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma ayoni a sodium, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kapangidwe ka zinthu kasinthe panthawi yoyika ma ayoni, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magwiridwe antchito ayende bwino komanso kukhazikika kwa kayendedwe kake.
Ubwino
Kuchuluka kwa Mphamvu:Maselo a batire a sodium-ion nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mphamvu ya 100-150 Wh/kg, pomwe maselo a batire a lithiamu-ion nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mphamvu ya 120-200 Wh/kg, ndipo machitidwe a ternary a nickel okwera amaposa 200 Wh/kg. Ngakhale mabatire a sodium-ion pakadali pano ali ndi mphamvu yocheperako poyerekeza ndi mabatire a lithiamu a ternary, amatha kuphimba pang'ono kapena kuphimba mphamvu ya mabatire a lithiamu iron phosphate (120-200 Wh/kg) ndi mabatire a lead-acid (30-50 Wh/kg).
Kutentha Kogwira Ntchito ndi Chitetezo:Mabatire a sodium-ion amagwira ntchito pa kutentha kwakukulu, nthawi zambiri kuyambira -40°C mpaka 80°C. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, mabatire a ternary lithium-ion nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito pakati pa -20°C ndi 60°C, ndipo magwiridwe antchito amatsika pansi pa 0°C. Mabatire a sodium-ion amatha kusunga mphamvu yoposa 80% ya State of Charge (SOC) pa -20°C. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha kukana kwakukulu kwamkati, mabatire a sodium-ion sakhala otenthedwa kwambiri panthawi ya ma circuit afupiafupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale otetezeka kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mabatire a lithiamu-ion.
Kuwonetsa Magwiridwe Abwino:Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya ma ion a sodium kumagwirizana mwachindunji ndi mphamvu ya ma ion a sodium yomwe imasamutsidwa pa electrode-electrolyte interface. Zinthu zomwe zimakhudza liwiro la kusamutsidwa kwa ma ion zimakhudza momwe batire imagwirira ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa kutentha mkati ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti pakhale chitetezo komanso moyo wautali panthawi yochaja ndi kutulutsa mphamvu zambiri. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake ka kristalo, mabatire a sodium-ion amakhala ndi mphamvu yabwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale oyenera kusungira mphamvu komanso kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi ambiri.
Liwiro Lolipiritsa:Mabatire a sodium-ion amatha kudzazidwa mokwanira mkati mwa mphindi 10, pomwe mabatire a lithiamu atatu amafunika mphindi zosachepera 40, ndipo mabatire a lithiamu iron phosphate amafunika pafupifupi mphindi 45.
Kugawa Makampani
Mabatire a sodium-ion amabwera m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo mabatire a sodium-sulfur, mabatire a sodium-salt, mabatire a sodium-air, mabatire amadzi a sodium-ion, mabatire a organic sodium-ion, ndi mabatire a sodium-ion olimba.
Mu gawo losungira mphamvu, mabatire akuluakulu a sodium omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamalonda amaphatikizapo mabatire otentha kwambiri a sodium-sulfur ndi mabatire a sodium-metal chloride otengera machitidwe olimba a electrolyte. Machitidwewa amagwiritsa ntchito sodium yachitsulo ngati chinthu chogwira ntchito cha anode, chomwe chimatchedwa mabatire a sodium molondola. Kawirikawiri, mawu akuti batire ya sodium-ion amatanthauza mitundu itatu yomalizayi.
Mabatire a Sodium-Sulfur:Izi zimagwiritsa ntchito sodium yosungunuka ngati anode ndi sulfure yoyambira ngati cathode, ndi Al2O3 yolimba ya ceramic ngati electrolyte ndi separator. Mabatire a sodium-sulfure ali ndi mphamvu yapadera kwambiri.
Mabatire a Sodium-Mchere:Izi zimagwiritsa ntchito sodium yamadzimadzi ngati anode ndi zinthu zachitsulo chloride ngati cathode, ndipo Na+ conductor Al2O3 ceramic ngati electrolyte.
Mabatire a Sodium-Air:Cathode nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zokhala ndi mabowo, zomwe zimapereka njira zofalitsira mpweya ndi malo ochitira ma electrode chifukwa cha kubowola kwa chinthucho.
Mabatire a Organic Sodium-Ion:Izi zimagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zolimba za carbon kapena sodium-intercalated pa anode, ndi zinthu za cathode kuphatikizapo transition metal oxides ndi polyanionic compounds.
Mabatire a Sodium-Ion a Madzi:Poyerekeza ndi mabatire a organic electrolyte, mabatire amadzi a sodium-ion amagwiritsa ntchito ma electrolyte osiyanasiyana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chitetezo chapamwamba.
