Njira yodziwika kuti photovoltaic power generation imasintha mphamvu ya kuwala kukhala magetsi mwachindunji pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya photovoltaic pa semiconductor interface. Solar cell panel (module), controller, ndi inverter ndi zigawo zake zitatu zazikulu. Zigawo zamagetsi ndizomwe zimapanga magawo ake ofunikira kwambiri. Module ya solar cell ya dera lalikulu imapangidwa polumikiza maselo a solar motsatizana, kuwaphimba kuti atetezedwe, ndikuwonjezera zowongolera zamagetsi ndi zigawo zina kuti apange chipangizo chopangira mphamvu ya photovoltaic.
1. Kodi njira yopangira mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi yotani?
Kupanga mphamvu ya photovoltaic ndi njira yosinthira mphamvu ya dzuwa kukhala magetsi amagetsi mwachindunji.
Mphamvu ya dzuwa ndiyo njira yodziwika kwambiri yopangira magetsi a dzuwa. Chifukwa chake, mphamvu ya dzuwa tsopano imatchedwa kuti kupanga mphamvu ya dzuwa.
2. Kodi maselo a dzuwa amapanga bwanji magetsi?
Selo ya photovoltaic ndi mtundu wosavuta kwambiri wa chipangizo chopangira mphamvu ya photovoltaic, chifukwa ndi chipangizo cha semiconductor chomwe chimasintha kuwala ndi magetsi mwachindunji kuchokera ku mphamvu ya kuwala kwa dzuwa kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi yolunjika.
Kugwiritsa ntchito silicon ya kristalo ndi zinthu zinazake (monga phosphorous, boron, ndi zina zotero) kumayambitsa kusalinganika kosalekeza kwa mphamvu ya mamolekyu a chinthucho, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu za semiconductor zikhale ndi mphamvu zapadera zamagetsi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti maselo a photovoltaic akhale ndi mphamvu zamagetsi zosiyanasiyana.
Akakumana ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa, ma semiconductor okhala ndi mawonekedwe apadera amagetsi amatha kupanga ma free charge. Malekezero akatsekedwa, ma free charge amasonkhana ndikuyenda mbali ina, ndikupanga mphamvu zamagetsi.
3. Kodi kupanga mphamvu ya photovoltaic kumapereka ubwino wotani?
1). Kufalikira
Pamwamba pa dziko lapansi pamakhala kuwala kwa dzuwa, ndipo izi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosasamala kanthu za malo—kumtunda, nyanja, mapiri, kapena malo athyathyathya. Ngakhale kuti nthawi ndi mphamvu ya kuwalako zimasiyana, zimafalikira kwambiri ndipo sizingakhudzidwe ndi nyengo kapena malo.
2). Kukhazikika ndi Kusatha
Dzuwa limapanga mphamvu ya nyukiliya yokwanira pamlingo uwu kuti lipatse mphamvu kusungidwa kwa haidrojeni kwa zaka mabiliyoni ambiri. Popeza chilengedwe chawonongeka kwambiri masiku ano, mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi gwero la mphamvu yoyera komanso yongowonjezedwanso yomwe ili ndi mphamvu zambiri.
3). Malo okhazikitsa omwe angathe kusinthidwa
Denga lotseguka limapereka ubwino wosakhudzidwa ndi momwe nyumbayo ikuyendera, zomwe zimathandiza kuti kuwala kufikire mkati kwa nthawi yayitali ndikuchepetsa kusokonezedwa ndi mthunzi. Kuwonjezera pa kuyikidwa padenga la nyumba zogona, kupanga mphamvu zamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa kungapezekenso m'nyumba zamafakitale, komwe mphamvu ya dzuwa imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mphamvu kuti ikwaniritse zosowa zamagetsi za malo ogwirira ntchito. Kupanga ukadaulo wamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa kungathandizenso kuthetsa vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi m'boma lonse pankhani yokonzanso malo akumidzi.
4). Verdant
Zachidziwikire, ma TV ambiri ndi zowonetsera zowala kwambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito magetsi ambiri. Sikuti kuchepetsa kuwala ndi voliyumu kumateteza maso ndi makutu okha, komanso kumasunga magetsi.
5). Kulimbitsa chitetezo cha mphamvu mdziko muno
Anthu angalimbikitse chitetezo cha mphamvu za dziko mwa kuchepetsa kudalira kwawo kupanga magetsi amafuta ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimayaka pansi pa nthaka, motero kupewa mavuto a mphamvu ndi kusakhazikika kwa msika wamafuta. Izi zitha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya photovoltaic.
6). Ndalama zochepa zosamalira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito
Kugwira ntchito kwa mphamvu ya photovoltaic ndi kolimba komanso kodalirika, ndipo kulibe zida zotumizira zamagetsi. Kuphatikiza pa kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wowongolera wokha, makina opanga mphamvu ya photovoltaic amatha kupanga magetsi bola ngati pali gawo la solar cell. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ndalama zotsika mtengo zokonzera zomwe zingatheke popanda kuyang'aniridwa.
4. Ndi mitundu yanji ya mapulojekiti opanga mphamvu ya dzuwa omwe alipo?
Mapulojekiti a PV akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu monga "ogawidwa" kapena "okhazikika" kutengera kapangidwe kake.
Zogawika: Malo opangira magetsi a photovoltaic a kukula kwinakwake omwe amamangidwa pamalo omwe wogwiritsa ntchitoyo ali kapena olumikizidwa ndi gridi yamagetsi amatchedwa malo opangira magetsi a photovoltaic ogawika. Malo opangira magetsi amtunduwu amatha kupereka magetsi mwachindunji kwa anthu omwe ali pafupi ndipo nthawi zambiri amayikidwa pansi, pakhoma, kapena padenga.
Yogwiritsidwa ntchito pakati: imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'malo akuluakulu monga mapiri ndi zipululu. Pogwiritsa ntchito mapanelo angapo a photovoltaic kapena makina otsatirira mphamvu ya dzuwa, chomera chamtunduwu chimasonkhanitsa mphamvu ya dzuwa ndikuisintha kukhala magetsi omwe amatumizidwa kwa ogula omwe amakhala kutali ndi komwe magetsi amapangidwa.
Malo opangira magetsi a photovoltaic opangidwa ndi nyumba: Izi zimapangidwa pophatikiza ukadaulo wopanga magetsi a dzuwa ndi kapangidwe ka nyumba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magetsi a dzuwa akhale gawo lofunikira la nyumbayo. Malo opangira magetsi amtunduwu amatha kuyikidwa pa khonde la nyumbayo, pakhoma la nsalu, padenga, kapena m'malo ena.
Zipangizo zamagetsi za PV zitha kugawidwa m'magulu otsatirawa kutengera mawonekedwe aukadaulo ndi zochitika zogwiritsira ntchito:
Malo opangira magetsi a PV omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyumba: amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'nyumba zokhala anthu ambiri, ndi makina ang'onoang'ono opangira magetsi a PV. Kuti akwaniritse zosowa zawo zamagetsi, eni nyumba amatha kuyika ma solar panels padenga lawo ndikupanga mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso.
Malo opangira magetsi a PV amalonda: ali pakati pa malo opangira magetsi a PV okhala pakati ndi malo okhala anthu malinga ndi kukula kwake, ndipo ndi oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyumba zamalonda, m'mapaki a mafakitale, ndi m'malo ena.
Malo opangira magetsi a photovoltaic akumidzi: amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'madera akumidzi, komwe amapatsa alimi mphamvu zoyera komanso kuthana ndi vuto la kusowa kwa magetsi.
Malo opangira magetsi a photovoltaic akumidzi: amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'madera akumidzi, komwe amapatsa alimi mphamvu zoyera komanso kuthana ndi vuto la kusowa kwa magetsi.
Malo ochitira magetsi a PV omwe anthu onse amagwiritsa ntchito: amafotokoza za kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wopanga mphamvu ya dzuwa m'malo omwe anthu ambiri amapezeka, monga malo okwerera mabasi, masukulu, ndi zipatala.
Malo opangira magetsi oyandama a photovoltaic: Mtundu uwu wa makina opangira magetsi umagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'malo osungiramo madzi, nyanja, ndi m'madzi ena komwe ma panel a photovoltaic amaikidwa pamwamba pa madzi.
5. N’chiyani chimapangitsa mphamvu ya photovoltaic kukhala gwero la mphamvu yotsika ya kaboni komanso yobiriwira?
Malinga ndi zotsatira za kafukufuku wochokera ku World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), kukhazikitsa makina opangira magetsi a 1 kW photovoltaic kungapange magetsi a 1200 kWh pachaka, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito malasha (malasha wamba) ndi pafupifupi 400 kg, ndikuchepetsa mpweya wa carbon dioxide ndi pafupifupi tani imodzi. Kupanga magetsi a photovoltaic kuli ndi mphamvu zambiri, kuteteza chilengedwe, komanso phindu la zachuma. Ndi imodzi mwa mphamvu zobiriwira zabwino kwambiri m'dziko lathu.
Kupanga magwero a mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso, monga kupanga mphamvu ya photovoltaic, ndi njira imodzi yothandiza yothetsera mavuto azachilengedwe monga utsi ndi mvula ya asidi. Malinga ndi zotsatira za kafukufuku wochokera ku World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), kukhazikitsa makina opangira mphamvu ya photovoltaic ya mita imodzi ndi kofanana ndi kubzala mitengo ya mamita 100.
