Kusungira mphamvu ya photovoltaic sikofanana ndi kupanga mphamvu yolumikizidwa ndi gridi, kuti iwonjezere batire, komanso zida zoyatsira ndi kutulutsa batire, ngakhale kuti mtengo wake umakhala wokwera ndi 20-40%, koma kuchuluka kwa ntchito ndi kwakukulu kwambiri. Malinga ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana, njira yosungira mphamvu ya solar photovoltaic ndi kupanga mphamvu imagawidwa m'magulu awiri: njira yopangira mphamvu ya off-grid, ndi njira yosungira mphamvu ya off-grid, njira yosungira mphamvu yolumikizidwa ndi gridi ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamagetsi ang'onoang'ono amagetsi ndi zina zotero.
Makina opangira magetsi opanda gridi ya Photovoltaic
Dongosolo lopangira mphamvu la photovoltaic lopanda gridi (Off-Grid Photovoltaic Power Generation), ma solar cell kuwonjezera pa kuyikidwa mu chowerengera, kugwiritsa ntchito mosavuta thupi la wotchi yamagetsi, ndi solar panel, chipangizo chosavuta chochaja, batri pa kapangidwe ka makina opangira mphamvu a photovoltaic osavuta, chipangizo choterechi nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi abusa kunyamula magetsi a wailesi ndi magetsi amadzulo. Tsopano palinso mphamvu ya dzuwa yonyamulika.
Makina osungira mphamvu olumikizidwa ndi gridi ndi omwe sali pa gridi
Dongosolo la photovoltaic malinga ndi ntchito yeniyeni ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana, yomwe ndi dongosolo losungira mphamvu lopanda gridi limadziwika ndi kupanga mphamvu kolumikizidwa ndi gridi, komanso kusunga mphamvu, komanso kugwira ntchito kwa munthu payekha, m'malo ena amalonda, chifukwa cha mphamvu zochepa za transformer, makina a photovoltaic operekedwa ndi magetsi saloledwa kugulitsa magetsi pa intaneti, komanso kukhala ndi kusakhazikika kwa magetsi amagetsi am'deralo, ndipo palinso madera ena omwe mtengo wa intaneti ndi wotsika kwambiri. Mitengo yamagetsi yogwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi ndi yayikulu, kusiyana kwakukulu kwamitengo ndi chigwa ndi kwakukulu, kukhazikitsidwa kwa magetsi a photovoltaic m'malo awa. Oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito makina osungira mphamvu pa gridi ndi kunja kwa gridi.
Dongosolo losungira mphamvu la Photovoltaic ndi lopanda grid lili ndi njira zinayi zazikulu zopezera phindu:
1. Pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya photovoltaic pa katundu, mutha kukhazikitsa mtengo wa mphamvu yamagetsi, ndikuchepetsa ndalama zamagetsi.
2. Lipirani nthawi yomwe si nthawi yotanganidwa kwambiri ndipo tulutsani nthawi yomwe nthawi yotanganidwa kwambiri, pogwiritsa ntchito kusiyana kwa mitengo yomwe ili pakati pa nthawi yotanganidwa kwambiri ndi ya m'chigwa kuti mupeze phindu.
3. Sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa intaneti, zitha kuyikidwa kuti ziletse kayendedwe ka madzi. Mphamvu ya PV ndi yayikulu kuposa mphamvu yonyamula, mphamvuyo singagwiritsidwe ntchito mpaka batire litasungidwa.
4. Kuzimitsa kwa gridi, makinawo amasinthidwa kukhala off-grid mode. Dongosolo la PV likupitiliza kupanga magetsi, makinawo akupitiliza kugwira ntchito ngati chosungira magetsi, photovoltaic ndi batri yoperekera katundu kudzera mu inverter.
Poyerekeza ndi makina opangira magetsi olumikizidwa ndi gridi, ndi makina osakhala ndi gridi amawonjezera chowongolera cha chaji/kutulutsa ndi batire, mtengo wa makinawo unakwera ndi pafupifupi 30%, koma kuchuluka kwa ntchito ndi kwakukulu. Choyamba, ikhoza kukhazikitsidwa kuti itulutse mphamvu yovomerezeka pamtengo wapamwamba wamagetsi kuti ichepetse bilu yamagetsi; chachiwiri, ikhoza kuchajidwa pamtengo wapamwamba wamagetsi ndikutulutsidwa pamtengo wapamwamba kuti ipange ndalama pogwiritsa ntchito kusiyana pakati pa mtengo wapamwamba ndi mtengo wapamwamba; chachitatu, gridi ikatha, makina a PV adzapitiriza kugwira ntchito ngati gwero lamagetsi lothandizira, ndipo inverter ikhoza kusinthidwa kukhala off-grid mode, ndipo PV ndi mabatire zitha kuperekedwa ku katundu kudzera mu inverter.
Dongosolo losungira mphamvu la photovoltaic lolumikizidwa ndi gridi
Makina opanga mphamvu ya photovoltaic okhala ndi malo osungira mphamvu olumikizidwa ndi gridi amatha kusunga mphamvu yochulukirapo, zomwe zimawonjezera kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yodzipangira yokha komanso yodzigwiritsira ntchito yokha. Makinawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zina pamene PV yodzipangira yokha komanso yodzigwiritsira ntchito yokha singathe kuperekedwa pa intaneti, mitengo yapamwamba kwambiri ndi yokwera mtengo kwambiri kuposa kuchuluka kwa mafunde, ndipo mitengo yodzigwiritsira yokha ndi yokwera mtengo kwambiri kuposa mitengo yolowera. Dongosololi limapangidwa ndi gulu la sikweya la photovoltaic lomwe lili ndi ma module a solar cell, chowongolera cha dzuwa, batire ya batri, inverter yolumikizidwa ndi gridi, chipangizo chozindikira magetsi, katundu, ndi zina. Chowongolera chimasunga mphamvu zina za dzuwa ndikuzipereka ku katundu pamene mphamvu ya dzuwa ili yayikulu kuposa mphamvu yonyamula. Dongosololi limayendetsedwa ndi kuphatikiza kwa gridi ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa pamene mphamvu ya dzuwa sikokwanira kupatsa mphamvu katundu. Pambuyo pochotsa ndalama zothandizira za photovoltaic, makina osungira mphamvu olumikizidwa ndi gridi amatha kukhazikitsidwa makina a dzuwa asanakhazikitsidwe m'maiko ena ndi madera ena, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu ya photovoltaic ipangidwe yokha komanso yodzigwiritsira ntchito yokha. Chipangizo chosungira mphamvu cholumikizidwa ndi gridi chingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi ma inverter ochokera kwa opanga osiyanasiyana pamene akusunga mawonekedwe ake oyambirira. Pamene sensa yamagetsi yazindikira kuyenda kwa magetsi kupita ku gridi, chipangizo chosungira mphamvu cholumikizidwa ndi gridi chimayamba kugwira ntchito, kusunga magetsi ochulukirapo mu batire ndipo, ngati batire yadzaza, kuyambitsa chotenthetsera madzi chamagetsi. Batire ikhoza kukhazikitsidwa kuti itumize magetsi ku katundu kudzera mu inverter pamene katundu wapakhomo ukuwonjezeka usiku.
Dongosolo la gridi yaying'ono yosungiramo mphamvu
Gulu la ma solar cell square array, inverter yolumikizidwa ndi gridi, chosinthira cha PCS bidirectional, switch yanzeru yosinthira, batire bank, ndi jenereta zimakhala ndi micro grid system. katundu, ndi zina zotero. Pakakhala kuwala, photovoltaic array imasintha mphamvu ya dzuwa kukhala magetsi. Kenako imagwiritsa ntchito inverter kupatsa mphamvu katundu ndipo PCS bidirectional converter kupatsa mphamvu batire. Pakakhala kuwala, batire imagwiritsa ntchito PCS bidirectional converter kupatsa mphamvu katundu. Micro grid ndiye yankho labwino kwambiri lotsimikizira chitetezo cha grid yamagetsi chifukwa imatha kugwiritsa ntchito bwino komanso moyenera lonjezo la mphamvu yoyera yogawidwa pomwe ikuchepetsa zovuta za mphamvu zochepa, mphamvu zopangira zosayembekezereka, komanso kudalirika kochepa kwa magetsi odziyimira pawokha. Kugwira ntchito kotetezeka kwa dongosololi kumagwira ntchito ngati chowonjezera chopindulitsa ku grid yayikulu yamagetsi. Ma grid ang'onoang'ono angathandize kwambiri mabizinesi achikhalidwe kusintha pankhani zachuma komanso kuteteza chilengedwe. Akatswiri amati ntchito za grid yaying'ono ndi zosiyanasiyana ndipo zimatha kukula kuyambira ma kilowatts ochepa mpaka ma megawatts ambiri. Ma grid ang'onoang'ono amatha kupangidwira nyumba imodzi mpaka mafakitale, migodi, makampani, zipatala, ndi masukulu.
Kumapeto kwa Okutobala 2020, National Energy Administration idavomereza kukhazikitsidwa kwa "PV Power System Efficiency Code", yomwe imamasula kwathunthu chiŵerengero cha mphamvu cha malo opangira magetsi a photovoltaic, ndi chiŵerengero cha mphamvu chomwe chimalimbikitsidwa kufika pa 1.
Mwayi:Kutumiza kwa ma module a PV m'nyumba kudzapitirira kukwera kwambiri pakapita nthawi, pomwe kutumiza kwa inverter kudzawonjezekanso. Kugawa koyenera kumatha kukwaniritsa LCOE yotsika kwambiri, kukonza IRR ya polojekiti ndikufulumizitsa kukwezedwa kwa kufanana.
Vuto:Kusiya kuwala ndi kusasinthasintha kwa mphamvu ya inverter yopanga magetsi ya PV poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kukhazikitsidwa kwa dongosolo labwino la mafakitale osungira mphamvu, dongosolo losungira mphamvu limaphatikizapo maulalo ambiri a zida, magwiridwe antchito a zida zamafakitale amasiyana, ngozi zamoto ndi zina ndi vuto lalikulu lomwe limakhudza chitukuko cha kusungira mphamvu.
Fotokozani momwe msika wodziyimira pawokha wa malo osungira mphamvu umakhalira, malo osungiramo mphamvu amatha kuphatikizidwa ndi photovoltaic, mphamvu ya kutentha ndi magwero ena amagetsi onse, kuti atenge nawo mbali mu ntchito zosinthira pafupipafupi komanso kusinthasintha kwa makina amagetsi, ndikupeza ndalama, komanso ngati bungwe lodziyimira pawokha la msika.
Pothandizira mfundo zosiyanasiyana komanso zokhazikika, chithandizo cha mfundo zamafakitale chosungira mphamvu chiyenera kugwirizanitsidwa ndi malonda, pamene chikukhazikitsa mfundo zosiyanasiyana zamafakitale pazochitika zosiyanasiyana zogwiritsira ntchito.
Kukula kwa mphamvu zamtsogolo ku China kudzadutsa mu ndondomekoyi kuyambira pa kaboni wambiri kupita ku kaboni wotsika mpaka kaboni wopanda zero, mphamvu zatsopano m'munda wamagetsi kuchokera pakusinthidwa pang'onopang'ono zinayamba kusinthidwa pang'onopang'ono, motsatana, kuti amalize mbali yogwiritsira ntchito yosungira mphamvu + mphamvu zatsopano. Mbali yopanga mphamvu yosungira mphamvu + mphamvu zatsopano. Akuyembekezeka kuti pofika chaka cha 2035, magwero atsopano a mphamvu monga photovoltaics adzakhala ndi zoposa 30% ya kusakaniza kwa mphamvu, kuthandizira kukwera kwa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu popanda kuwonjezera mpweya woipa wa kaboni.
Kaya malo osungira mphamvu omwe adayikidwa mu chitsanzo cha kutumiza kapena kugawa mphamvu kaya ndi malo ogawana magetsi obwezerezedwanso, kapena mwayi wopita ku malo osungira magetsi opangidwa ndi gridi, makamaka ndi phindu la msika wamagetsi, kusiyanasiyana kwa njira.
Mphamvu zatsopano zopita ku njira yosungira mphamvu yokonzedwanso yolumikizidwa ndi gridi, mu mawonekedwe a kusungira mphamvu ya mphepo ndi dzuwa pang'onopang'ono padziko lonse lapansi kuti ziyambe kuwonetsa. Kusungira mphamvu komwe kumathandizira kuwala kwa dzuwa, mphamvu ya mphepo kuti ibweretse zotsatira zachuma za kukhazikika kosalekeza, kuwongolera kutayidwa kwa mphepo ndi kuwala, ndi zina zotero, kwabweretsa kusintha kwakukulu.
