Kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu ya photovoltaic yolumikizidwa ndi gridi komanso kukhudzidwa kwa gridi komwe kumachitika kwapanga mikhalidwe yabwino kwambiri yopangira malo osungira mphamvu.
Kusungira mphamvu ya photovoltaic kumasiyana ndi kupanga mphamvu yolumikizidwa ndi gridi chifukwa kumagwiritsa ntchito mabatire posungira ndi zida zochapira ndi kutulutsa mabatire; ndalama zoyambira zidzakhala zambiri, koma mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ntchito zomwe zingatheke idzakhala yayikulu kwambiri. Munkhaniyi, tikupereka zitsanzo zinayi za ntchito yosungira mphamvu ya PV + zomwe zikugwirizana ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana: zochitika za ntchito yosungira mphamvu ya PV pa gridi, zochitika za ntchito yosungira mphamvu ya PV kunja kwa gridi, zochitika za ntchito yosungira mphamvu ya hybrid-grid, ndi zochitika za ntchito yosungira mphamvu ya PV micro-grid.
1. Chitsanzo cha ntchito zosungira mphamvu za PV zomwe sizili pa gridi
Makina osungira mphamvu zamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito photovoltaic off-grid ndi opanga magetsi akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'madera akutali amapiri, m'malo opanda mphamvu, m'zilumba, m'malo olumikizirana, komanso m'mabwalo amisewu, pakati pa malo ena komwe angagwire ntchito okha popanda kudalira gridi yamagetsi.
Dongosololi limakhala ndi PV array, PV inverter, batire yosungiramo zinthu, ndi mphamvu. Pakakhala kuwala, photovoltaic array imasintha mphamvu ya dzuwa kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi ndipo nthawi yomweyo imapereka mphamvu ku katunduyo kudzera mu makina ophatikizidwa olamulira ozungulira ndikuchaja batire; pamene palibe kuwala, batire imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya AC load kudzera mu inverter.
Makina opangira magetsi a photovoltaic opanda grid amapangidwa makamaka kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito m'madera omwe alibe ma grid amagetsi kapena omwe amakumana ndi kuzima kwa magetsi pafupipafupi. Makinawa amagwira ntchito mwanjira ya "kusungira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito" kapena "kusungira koyamba kenako kugwiritsa ntchito", mofanana ndi momwe makala amatumizidwa kudzera mu chipale chofewa." "Chipale chofewa chomwe chimayikidwa m'makala" M'madera omwe alibe grid yamagetsi kapena omwe nthawi zambiri amazima omwe amakhudza mabanja, makina a off-grid ndi othandiza kwambiri.
2. Zochitika za ntchito zosungira mphamvu za PV hybrid-grid
Makina osungira mphamvu a PV hybrid-grid amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri magetsi akasokonekera pafupipafupi. Mitengo yokwera yodzigwiritsira ntchito imaletsa kuchuluka kwa intaneti; mitengo yokwera kwambiri ndi yokwera mtengo kwambiri kuposa mitengo ya chigwa ndi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ena.
Ma photovoltaic arrays opangidwa ndi ma solar cell modules, off-grid ndi solar power integrated machinery, batteries packs, loads, ndi zina zomwe zimapanga system. Pakakhala kuwala, photovoltaic array imasintha mphamvu ya dzuwa kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi ndikuchaja bank ya batri pomwe ikupereka mphamvu ku katundu kudzera mu solar control inverter; pamene kuwala kulibe, batri imachaja solar control inverter kenako imapatsa mphamvu ku AC load.
Kuphatikizidwa kwa ma charge/discharge controllers ndi mabatire mu grid-connected ndi off-grid system kumakweza mtengo wonse ndi pafupifupi 30%-50% poyerekeza ndi grid-connected power system. Komabe, kukulitsa kumeneku kumawonjezera ntchito zomwe zingatheke mu computer system. Choyamba, n'zotheka kukonza PV system kuti ipange magetsi pamlingo wake wovomerezeka panthawi yomwe magetsi akufunidwa kwambiri kuti muchepetse ndalama zamagetsi. Kachiwiri, n'zotheka kutchaja PV system panthawi yogwira ntchito ya off-grid ndikuyitulutsa panthawi yomwe magetsi akufunidwa kwambiri, pogwiritsa ntchito kusiyana kwa mitengo pakati pa peak ndi valley segments. Pomaliza, ngati grid palibe, PV system imagwira ntchito ngati backup power supply, ndipo inverter ikhoza kuzimitsidwa kuti igwire ntchito mu off-grid mode. Pakadali pano, izi zikuchitika kawirikawiri m'maiko otukuka akunja.
3. Zochitika za machitidwe osungira mphamvu a photovoltaic pa grid
Dongosolo lopangira mphamvu ya photovoltaic yosungira mphamvu pa grid, lomwe limagwira ntchito mu AC coupling mode makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito zida zosungira mphamvu ya photovoltaic ndi mphamvu. Kuwonjezera pa kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa malo osungira mphamvu ya photovoltaic yodzipangira yokha komanso malo osungira mphamvu ya photovoltaic yochokera pansi, malo osungira mphamvu ya photovoltaic m'mafakitale ndi m'mabizinesi, ndi zina zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito, dongosololi lili ndi mphamvu yosungira mphamvu yochulukirapo yopangira mphamvu.
Ma module a solar cell amapanga photovoltaic array, yomwe imaphatikizidwa ndi batire pack, charge/discharge controller PCS, ndi katundu wogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri. Muzochitika zomwe mphamvu ya dzuwa imachepa ndi mphamvu ya katundu, dongosololi limayendetsedwa pang'ono ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi gridi. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, mphamvu ya dzuwa ikapitirira mphamvu ya katundu, gawo lina la mphamvu ya dzuwa limagwiritsidwa ntchito kupereka mphamvu ku katundu, pomwe gawo lotsalalo limasungidwa kudzera mu chowongolera. Kuphatikiza apo, dongosolo losungira mphamvu lingagwiritsidwe ntchito poyang'anira kufunikira kwa magetsi, peak ndi valley arbitrage, ndi zina zotero kuti ziwonjezere phindu la dongosololi.
Mu msika watsopano wamagetsi ku China, njira yosungira mphamvu yolumikizidwa ndi gridi ya PV yapeza chidwi chachikulu ngati njira yatsopano yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa. Mwa kuphatikiza chipangizo chosungira mphamvu, kupanga mphamvu ya photovoltaic, ndi gridi ya AC, dongosololi limakulitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa.
4. Zochitika za ntchito zosungira mphamvu zamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito gridi yaying'ono
Chifukwa cha kufunika kwake ngati chipangizo chosungira mphamvu, makina osungira mphamvu ang'onoang'ono akutenga malo ofunikira kwambiri mumakina amagetsi ndi chitukuko chatsopano cha mphamvu ku China.
Pamene mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso zikuyamba kutchuka komanso kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi ndi ukadaulo kukupitilira, zochitika zogwiritsira ntchito makina osungira mphamvu ang'onoang'ono zikupitilira kukula. Zochitika izi zikukhudza makamaka mbali ziwiri zomwe zatchulidwa pansipa:
1). Makina opangira magetsi ndi osungira mphamvu ogawidwa: Makina opangira magetsi ogawidwa amatanthauza kuyika zida zazing'ono zopangira magetsi pafupi ndi ogwiritsa ntchito, pogwiritsa ntchito magwero monga mphamvu ya mphepo, kuwala kwa dzuwa, ndi zina. Mphamvu iliyonse yochulukirapo yomwe imapangidwira imasungidwa mumakina osungira mphamvu, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chothandizira pa nthawi yomwe magetsi amafunika kwambiri kapena gridi yamagetsi ikuzima.
2) Kusunga mphamvu yamagetsi ya micro-grid: Kuti magetsi akhale odalirika m'madera akutali, zilumba, ndi malo ena omwe ali ndi vuto lopeza grid, makina osungira mphamvu ya micro-grid angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati magwero amagetsi osungira.
Pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri, ma micro-grid amatha kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mphamvu zoyera zomwe zimagawidwa. Izi zimawathandiza kuchepetsa zinthu zoyipa monga mphamvu zochepa, kupanga magetsi kosadalirika, komanso magetsi odziyimira pawokha osadalirika, komanso kuonetsetsa kuti gridi yayikulu yamagetsi ikugwira ntchito bwino. Zotsatira zake, ma micro-grid amagwira ntchito ngati chowonjezera chamtengo wapatali ku gridi yayikulu yamagetsi. Kukula kwa zochitika zogwiritsira ntchito gridi yaying'ono ndi kwakukulu kwambiri, kuyambira ma kilowatts ochepa mpaka ma megawatts makumi ambiri, ndipo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya njira zomwe zingatheke ndi yayikulu kwambiri.
Magwiritsidwe ntchito a mphamvu zosungira mphamvu za photovoltaic ndi ambiri komanso osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo ma micro-grid, machitidwe akunja kwa grid, ndi machitidwe olumikizidwa ndi grid. Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso kumadziwika ndi ubwino ndi makhalidwe apadera a mtundu uliwonse wa zochitika, zomwe zimapatsa ogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yodalirika komanso yogwira mtima.
Pamene ukadaulo wa PV ukupitirira kupita patsogolo ndipo ndalama zikupitirira kuchepa, kusungira mphamvu za PV kudzatenga malo ofunikira kwambiri mu dongosolo la mphamvu mtsogolo. Nthawi yomweyo, kupita patsogolo ndi kukhazikitsa zochitika zosiyanasiyana kudzathandiza kupita patsogolo mwachangu kwa gawo latsopano la mphamvu ku China ndikuthandizira kukwaniritsa kusintha kwa mphamvu ndi chitukuko chotsika cha mpweya woipa komanso chokhazikika pa chilengedwe.
