Monga gawo lofunika kwambiri pakupanga mphamvu ya photovoltaic, ntchito yayikulu ya inverter ndikusintha mphamvu yolunjika kuchokera ku ma module a photovoltaic kukhala mphamvu yosinthira. Pakadali pano, inverter wamba pamsika imagawidwa makamaka mu inverter yapakati ndi inverter yamagulu, ndi inverter yogawidwa yatsopano.
Momwe imagwirira ntchito:
· Inverter ya mndandanda: mndandanda wa maselo a photovoltaic kukhala DC yolowera yamagetsi amphamvu kwambiri, kenako nkusinthidwa kukhala AC output.
· Ma inverter ofanana: ma cell angapo a photovoltaic amalumikizidwa motsatizana kuti awonjezere mphamvu yonse, yomwe imasinthidwa kukhala AC output.
· Chosinthira ma bridge: kugwiritsa ntchito njira yosinthira ma bridge kuti asinthe ma dc kukhala ma ac.
· Inverter ya pafupipafupi yapakatikati: mwa kusintha cholowetsa cha DC kukhala AC ya pafupipafupi yapakatikati, yomwe imasinthidwa mu transformer kuti ipeze mphamvu ya AC yomwe mukufuna.
Kutengera mawonekedwe a mafunde otuluka:
· Wosinthira mafunde a sine: chotulutsacho ndi mafunde oyera a sine, oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zapamwamba.
· Chosinthira cha sinusoidal inverter: mawonekedwe a mafunde otuluka ndi mawonekedwe a sinusoidal osinthidwa, okhala ndi zigawo zina zofananira zomwe zimadulidwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito m'nyumba ndi m'mabizinesi.
· Wosinthira mafunde a square wave: mawonekedwe a mafunde otuluka ndi mafunde a square wave, osavuta komanso otsika mtengo, koma adzayambitsa ma harmonics ambiri.
· Chosinthira ma pulse width modulation (PWM): kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa PWM wapamwamba kwambiri popanga mawonekedwe a mafunde otuluka pafupi ndi sinusoidal.
Kutengera ndi madera ogwiritsira ntchito:
· Inverter yodziyimira payokha: ya makina opangira magetsi odziyimira payokha osagwiritsa ntchito gridi yayikulu yamagetsi, monga magetsi, magetsi, ndi zina zotero.
· Chosinthira mphamvu ya dzuwa: lumikizani mphamvu ya photovoltaic ku gridi yayikulu ndikuyika mphamvu yochulukirapo mu gridiyo ngati sikufunika, ndikupeza mphamvu yokwanira kuchokera ku gridiyo.
· Micro-grid inverter: makina a micro-grid amatha kukwaniritsa maukonde ndi kayendetsedwe kake, adzakhala ndi magwero osiyanasiyana amagetsi (monga dzuwa, mphepo, ndi zina zotero) ndi katundu wolumikizidwa.
Izi ndi zina mwa magulu odziwika bwino a ma inverter a dzuwa. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma inverter ili ndi makhalidwe osiyanasiyana komanso zochitika zoyenera. Ndikofunikira kusankha mtundu woyenera wa inverter malinga ndi zofunikira komanso zochitika zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kodi chosinthira mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi chiyani?:
Chosinthira mphamvu ya dzuwa chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha mphamvu yamagetsi yolunjika (DC) yopangidwa ndi ma photovoltaic panels (ma solar panels) kukhala mphamvu yosinthira (AC). Ma photovoltaic panels amasintha kuwala kwa dzuwa kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi yolunjika, ndipo chosinthira mphamvu yamagetsi ...
Ntchito zazikulu za inverter ya dzuwa ndi izi:
1. Kusintha kwa Mphamvu: mphamvu ya dzuwa yomwe DC imatulutsa mu mphamvu ya AC kuti ikwaniritse zosowa za gridi yamagetsi. Mphamvu yosinthira (AC) ndi mtundu wa mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa moyo wathu watsiku ndi tsiku komanso kupanga mafakitale.
2. Yolumikizidwa ndi gridi: ya makina a photovoltaic olumikizidwa ku gridi, chosinthira mphamvu ya dzuwa chimatha kulowetsa mphamvu yochulukirapo mu gridi kuti chichepetse kudalira gridi ndikupanga ndalama zina pa intaneti.
3. Kusamalira mphamvu: chosinthira mphamvu ya dzuwa nthawi zambiri chimatha kuyang'anira ndikuwongolera makina a PV, kuyang'anira momwe zinthu zilili, mphamvu yamagetsi, magetsi, ndi zina zotero za gulu la PV nthawi yeniyeni, kuti chipatse ogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yowunikira ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a makina a PV.
4. Ntchito Zoteteza: chosinthira mphamvu ya dzuwa nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi chitetezo cha overload, chitetezo cha short circuit, chitetezo cha overvoltage, chitetezo cha undervoltage, ndi zina zotero kuti zitsimikizire kuti dongosolo la PV likugwira ntchito bwino.
Mwachidule, chosinthira mphamvu ya dzuwa chimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri mu makina a photovoltaic, kusintha mphamvu ya kuwala kukhala mphamvu yothandiza yosinthira magetsi, kulola mphamvu ya dzuwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito popereka mphamvu ndi gridi, kuti akwaniritse zolinga zokhazikika pakukula ndi kusunga mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa utsi.
Zipangizo zazikulu zopangira inverter zikuphatikizapo magulu awa:
1. Chipangizo cha semiconductor: gawo lofunika kwambiri la inverter ndi chipangizo cha Power semiconductor, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsa ntchito power Transistor (IGBT) kapena Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (MOSFET). Zipangizozi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha mphamvu zamagetsi kuchokera ku DC kupita ku AC.
2. Ma capacitor ndi ma inductor: ma capacitor ndi ma inductor amagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu ma inverter kusunga ndikusefa mphamvu zamagetsi. Ma capacitor amawongolera mphamvu yamagetsi ndi mphamvu yotulutsa, pomwe ma inductor amasefa phokoso lamagetsi ndi ma harmonics apamwamba.
3. Chida chotenthetsera ndi chotenthetsera: Chida chamagetsi chomwe chili mu inverter chimatulutsa kutentha kwambiri, chimafuna chotenthetsera ndi chotenthetsera kuti chichepetse kutentha bwino, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti chipangizocho chikugwira ntchito bwino. Ma radiator nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi aluminiyamu kapena mkuwa kuti apereke malo okwanira oziziritsira.
4. PCB (Bodi Yosindikizidwa ya Circuit): PCB ndiye chonyamulira choyika ndi kulumikiza zida zamagetsi mu inverter, yokhala ndi mphamvu zamagetsi komanso mphamvu zamakanika. Kapangidwe ka circuit ya inverter kadzatengera zofunikira za mphamvu ndi kapangidwe ka circuit ya mawaya ndi kulumikizana koyenera.
5. Zigawo zamagetsi ndi zigawo za dera: inverter imafunikanso kugwiritsa ntchito zigawo zosiyanasiyana za dera, monga ma diode, ma resistors, ma transformer, ma fuse, zolumikizira, ndi zina zotero. powongolera dera, kuteteza ndi kulumikizana.
Kuphatikiza apo, chikwama cha inverter nthawi zambiri chimapangidwa ndi zinthu zachitsulo, monga aluminiyamu kapena mbale yachitsulo, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka chitetezo chabwino cha makina komanso magwiridwe antchito ochotsa kutentha.
Izi ndi zinthu zazikulu zopangira inverter, zinthuzi popanga ndi kupanga inverter zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuwonetsetsa kuti inverter ikugwira ntchito bwino komanso kudalirika.
