Aliyense wa ife m'moyo wathu amatha kumva nthawi ya dzuwa chaka chilichonse pakusintha, nthawi ya dzuwa la chilimwe ndi yayitali, nthawi ya dzuwa la m'nyengo yozizira ndi yochepa, izi m'dera la kutalika kwa tsiku zomwe zimasintha nthawi zonse zimachitika chifukwa cha kuzungulira kwa Dziko Lapansi kuzungulira dzuwa komwe kumachitika. Kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi, komwe timakhala, tsiku limakhala lalitali kwambiri pa chilimwe (pafupifupi pa June 22) ndipo ndi lalifupi kwambiri pa chilimwe (pafupifupi Disembala 22). Kuyambira chilimwe mpaka chilimwe, masiku amafupika, ndipo kuyambira chisanu mpaka chilimwe, masiku amatalikira. Kwa iwo omwe ali ndi mafunso okhudza izi, mutha kuwonanso "Shift of the Sun's Direct Sunspot" yomwe Giorgio Graffi adatchula kale.
Zomwe zili pamwambapa makamaka zikunena za kusintha kwa kutalika kwa tsiku m'dera lililonse pachaka, ndiye ngati tikufuna kuyerekeza nthawi yapakati ya dzuwa m'malo osiyanasiyana pachaka, chizindikirochi chidzakhudzidwa ndi zinthu ziti?
Choyamba, tiyenera kusiyanitsa pakati pa malingaliro awiri a kutalika kwa tsiku ndi nthawi ya dzuwa, kutalika kwa tsiku kumatanthauza kutalika kwa tsiku m'dera, kuyenera kukhala kofanana ndi nthawi yolowa dzuwa kupatula nthawi yotuluka dzuwa, kuwerengera kwapadera kwa kumbuyo kwa GioGraffi kudzafotokozedwanso mwatsatanetsatane, komwe ndi mayeso apamwamba kwambiri, komanso ophunzira ambiri sangathe kuthana ndi zovuta. Nthawi ya dzuwa imatanthauza dzuwa pamalo enieni a maola, makamaka amagwiritsidwa ntchito kufotokoza momwe mlengalenga kapena mawonekedwe a nyengo ya dera, kotero zinthu zomwe zimakhudza nthawi ya dzuwa makamaka ndi nyengo, osati latitude, tiyenera kulabadira izi!
Tiyeni tiwone maola apakati a dzuwa pachaka ku China, kuchokera pa tchati lotsatira mutha kufotokoza mwachidule lamulo liti? Ndipo mupeze zochitika zapadera ziti?
Kuchokera pa tchati pamwambapa, mpaka 2018, chiwerengero cha maola a dzuwa chomwe chikuwonetsedwa chaka chilichonse ku China chikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa maola a dzuwa pachaka, makamaka chifukwa cha madera akum'mwera chakum'mawa omwe akukhudzidwa ndi mvula yamkuntho, mvula yamkuntho yamphamvu kwambiri, imakhudza kuchuluka kwa maola a dzuwa, ndipo kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa nyengo youma, mvula yamphamvu kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa maola a dzuwa yamphamvu kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, abwenzi osamala angapeze kuti maola a dzuwa a pachaka ku Tibetan Plateau, kumadzulo kwa Inner Mongolian Plateau ndi madera ena ndi pafupifupi maola 3,000, chifukwa cha kutalika kwa mapiri, mpweya wochepa, ndi nyengo ya dzuwa. Kumbali ina, Sichuan Basin ili ndi maola ochepera 1,000 a dzuwa pachaka, makamaka chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa malo, nthunzi yamadzi yambiri, mitambo yambiri komanso maola ochepa a dzuwa.
Kenako, tiyeni tiwone momwe maola apakati a dzuwa amakhalira pachaka padziko lonse lapansi. Ndi mizinda iti yomwe imalandira dzuwa? Ndipo ndi mizinda iti yomwe siilandira dzuwa chaka chonse?
Maola 10 Apamwamba Omwe Amawala Pachaka Pakagwa Dzuwa
01. Yuma, USA, maola 4015.3 apakati pa dzuwa pachaka
Yuma ili kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa boma la Arizona ku US, pafupi ndi California, ndipo nyengo yake ndi youma komanso mvula ya pachaka yochepera 100mm, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale mzinda wokhawo wokhala ndi maola opitilira 4,000 a dzuwa pachaka, zomwe zikufanana ndi avareji ya maola 10.96 a dzuwa patsiku. Yuma ilinso ndi imodzi mwa zinthu zolemera kwambiri za dzuwa ku United States.
02.Massa Alam, Egypt, dzuwa limawala maola 3,958 pachaka
Massa Alam ndi doko lomwe lili m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Red Sea, lomwe lili ndi nyengo yotentha kwambiri m'chipululu, yotentha komanso youma chaka chonse, yokhala ndi mitambo yochepa komanso dzuwa lowala. Kuyambira pomwe bwalo la ndege lapadziko lonse lidatsegulidwa mu 2001, Marsa Alam yakhala malo atsopano okondedwa ndi osambira m'dera la Red Sea.
03.Calama, Chile, dzuwa limawala maola 3926.2 pachaka
Calama ndi mzinda wa kumpoto kwa Chile womwe uli kumadzulo kwa mapiri a Andes, makilomita 21 okha kuchokera ku mgodi wa mkuwa wa Chuquicamata, womwe uli pamtunda wa mamita 2,266 pamwamba pa nyanja, ndi nyengo youma kwambiri.
04. Dakhla Oasis, Egypt, dzuwa limawala maola 3,943.4 pachaka
Ili ku New Valley Boma la Egypt, Dakhla Oasis ndi imodzi mwa malo asanu ndi awiri onyowa m'chipululu cha Kumadzulo kwa Egypt. Akasupe otentha opitilira 500, minda ya zipatso yobiriwira, matauni ndi midzi yotsala ya m'zaka za m'ma 50000, nyumba zokongola za njerwa zadothi ndi zipilala zosiyanasiyana m'derali zakhala malo okopa alendo ambiri ochokera padziko lonse lapansi.
05. Phoenix, USA, maola 3871.6 apakati pa dzuwa pachaka
Phoenix ndi Yuma yomwe ili pamwamba kwambiri ili ku Arizona, komwe Phoenix ndi likulu lake. Phoenix imamasuliridwanso kuti Phoenix, yomwe imadziwika kuti Hoozdo m'chinenero cha Navajo, kutanthauza malo otentha. Phoenix ili ndi nyengo youma yokhala ndi kutentha kwapakati pa chaka kuposa mzinda uliwonse waukulu ku US. Pa avareji, kutentha kumapitirira madigiri 38 Fahrenheit masiku 89 pachaka, pafupifupi nthawi yonse kuyambira Juni mpaka Seputembala. Kuphatikiza apo, dzina la timu ya NBA yomwe ili ku Phoenix ndi "Phoenix Suns", zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kumakhala dzuwa chaka chonse.
06. Kitmanshoop, Namibia, maola apakati a dzuwa pachaka ndi 3870h
Kitmanshoop ndi tawuni kum'mwera kwa Namibia komanso likulu la chigawo cha Karas. Ili m'mphepete mwa chipululu cha Namib, ili ndi nyengo youma yokhala ndi mvula yochepa komanso dzuwa limakhala kwa maola ambiri.
07. Las Vegas, USA, maola apakati a dzuwa pachaka ndi 3825.3h
Las Vegas ndi mzinda waukulu kwambiri m'boma la Nevada ku US komanso mzinda wotchuka padziko lonse lapansi wotchova juga. Las Vegas ili m'mphepete mwa chipululu cha Nevada ku United States ndipo yazunguliridwa ndi mapiri ataliatali a mamita 1000-3000. Las Vegas ili ndi nyengo yachipululu nthawi zambiri m'chilimwe, ndipo kutentha kwa masana nthawi zambiri kumafika pafupifupi 38°C mpaka 45°C kapena kuposerapo.
08. Tucson, USA, maola apakati a dzuwa pachaka ndi 3806h
Tucson ndi mzinda wachitatu pamndandanda kuchokera ku boma la Arizona kum'mwera kwa US, lomwe lili m'chigwa cha chipululu chozunguliridwa ndi mapiri mbali zitatu. Chilala chaka chonse komanso dzuwa lochuluka zakhala zikukopa alendo ambiri kwa nthawi yayitali, makamaka chitukuko chachangu cha makampani opuma pantchito omwe akuimiridwa ndi malo ochiritsira odwala, ndipo okalamba ambiri ochokera kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa US agula malo ku Tucson. Kuphatikiza apo, Davis-Monthan Air Force Base ili m'chigawo cha mzindawu.
09. Harij, Egypt, maola apakati a dzuwa pachaka ndi 3790.8
Harij ndi malo osungiramo nyama akuluakulu ku chipululu chakumadzulo kwa Egypt, okhala ndi mabwinja a akachisi kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma 400 BC. Ndi malo otchuka oyendera alendo ku Egypt. Nyengo youma chaka chonse, kuti apititse patsogolo ulimi, kumanga njira zothirira, kukonza nthaka, komanso ulimi wotukuka kwambiri.
10. El Paso, USA, maola apakati a dzuwa pachaka ndi 3762.5hrs
El Paso ili kumadzulo kwa boma la Texas ku America. Dzina la mzindawu, El paso, ndi Chisipanishi lotanthauza "The Pass", lomwe limatanthauza magombe otsukidwa ndi Rio Grande. Nyengo ndi youma, yokhala ndi nthunzi yochepa ya madzi ndi mitambo yopyapyala.
Chotsatira: Top 10 ya osawona dzuwa
01. Totoro, Colombia, maola apakati a dzuwa pachaka ndi 637h
Totoro ili kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa Colombia, pansi pa ulamuliro wa dipatimenti ya Cauca, komwe nyengo imakhala yotentha komanso yonyowa chaka chonse, ndipo mvula imagwa pafupifupi mamilimita 1,500 pachaka.
02. Tórshavn, Zilumba za Faroe, maola apakati a dzuwa pachaka ndi 840h
Tórshavn ndi likulu la Zilumba za Faroe, ndipo dzina la mzindawu likhoza kutanthauziridwa kuti "Thor's Harbor", dzina la mulungu wa bingu mu nthano za ku Norse. Zilumba za Faroe zimakhala ndi mvula yambiri komanso mitambo chaka chonse chifukwa cha mphepo yamkuntho yakumadzulo komanso mafunde ofunda ndi ozizira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti dzuwa likhale lokongola pang'ono ku Zilumba za Faroe.
03. Chongqing, China, maola apakati a dzuwa pachaka ndi 954.8
Chongqing, boma laling'ono kwambiri ku China, limadziwika kuti "Mzinda wa Mapiri" ndi "Mzinda wa Mist". Chongqing ndi mapiri, ndipo mapiri ake ndi oposa magawo awiri mwa atatu a malo ake onse, ndipo ali ndi nyengo yamvula ya subtropical yokhala ndi mvula yambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, Mtsinje wa Jialing ku Chongqing Chaotianmen umalowa mu Mtsinje wa Yangtze, womwe uli ndi nthunzi ya madzi. Kuphatikiza zinthu zingapo kumapangitsa kuti Chongqing ikhale ndi chifunga, ndipo kuchuluka kwa maola a dzuwa kumakhala kochepa.
04. Dixon, Russia, maola 1164.3 apakati pa dzuwa pachaka
Dixon, yomwe ili pafupi ndi pakamwa pa Mtsinje wa Yenisei pa kutentha kwa 73°N, imakhudzidwa ndi nyengo ya Arctic, yokhala ndi miyezi 10 yozizira chaka chilichonse. Sikuti dzuwa silikhalapo kwa miyezi iwiri yokha, komanso chifukwa cha nyengo yozizira, yamvula komanso mitambo yambiri, dzuwa silimaoneka nthawi zonse likalipo.
05. Malabo, Equatorial Guinea, dzuwa lapakati pachaka limatentha maola 1176.7
Malabo ndi likulu la dziko la Equatorial Guinea ndipo lili pachilumba cha volcano chozunguliridwa ndi nyanja komanso m'chigawo cha equator, chomwe chili ndi nyengo yotentha ya m'nyanja, motero Malabo ili ndi mvula yambiri komanso maola ochepa a dzuwa pachaka.
06. Buenaventura, Colombia, dzuwa lapakati pachaka limawala maola 1178
Buenaventura ndi doko lalikulu kwambiri ku Colombia komanso mzinda wofunika kwambiri pagombe la Pacific mdzikolo. Mzindawu uli pachilumba cha Cascajal ku Gulf of Buenaventura, ndipo umalumikizidwa ndi mlatho kupita ku dzikolo ndipo ndi malo ofunikira kwambiri pa malonda akunja a Colombia. Chifukwa cha malo ake pamphepete mwa nyanja pafupi ndi equator, nyengo yake ndi yotentha komanso yonyowa komanso mvula yambiri.
07. Lima, Peru, maola apakati a dzuwa pachaka ndi 1230h
Lima ndi likulu la dziko la Peru ndipo lagawidwa m'magawo awiri: mzinda wakale ndi mzinda watsopano. Lima imadziwika padziko lonse lapansi ngati mzinda wopanda mvula, wopanda mabingu, mphezi kapena mphepo yamkuntho chaka chonse, ndipo ayezi ndi chipale chofewa sizimveka. Ngakhale kuti palibe mvula, maola apakati a dzuwa ku Lima pachaka ndi ochepa modabwitsa, ndipo akatswiri ena amaganiza kuti izi zikugwirizana ndi kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kukula kwakukulu kwa mafakitale ku Lima.
08. Ushuaia, Argentina, maola apakati a dzuwa pachaka ndi 1281.2h
Ushuaia ili kum'mwera kwa Argentina, makilomita 3,200 kuchokera ku Buenos Aires, likulu la dzikolo, koma makilomita 800 okha kuchokera ku Antarctica, mzinda womwe uli kum'mwera kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, womwe umadziwikanso kuti mapeto a dziko lapansi. Ushuaia ndi malo abwino kwambiri oyambira ulendo ndikupereka zinthu zina paulendo ndi maulendo opita ku Antarctica. Chifukwa cha malo ake ku Westerly Wind Belt, komwe kumakhala mphepo zamkuntho zakumadzulo komanso mafunde akumadzulo chaka chonse, Ushuaia ndi yozizira komanso yonyowa chaka chonse, ndipo dzuwa ndi lovuta kulipeza.
09. Reykjavik, Iceland, maola 1,326 apakati pa dzuwa pachaka
Reykjavik ndi likulu la dziko la Iceland, komanso mzinda woyamba komanso doko loyamba la dzikolo. Ili pa 64°N, Reykjavik ili pafupi kwambiri ndi Arctic Circle, koma imakhudzidwa ndi North Atlantic Warm Current ndipo ili ndi nyengo yofatsa. Komabe, gombe, komanso kuchuluka kwa zinthu zotentha, zimapangitsa kuti pakhale nthunzi yambiri yamadzi mumzinda wa Reykjavík, zomwe zimakhudza maola a dzuwa.
10. Bogotá, Colombia, maola apakati a dzuwa pachaka ndi 1328h
Bogotá ndi likulu la dziko la Colombia ndipo ndi umodzi mwa mizinda yomwe ikukula mofulumira kwambiri m'chigawo cha Latin America. Dongosolo la Mabasi Othamanga (BRT) la Bogotá ndi lodziwika padziko lonse lapansi ndipo limatsanzira madera ambiri. Bogotá ili pafupi ndi equator, koma ili m'dera lamapiri lomwe lili ndi nyengo yozizira. Mofanana ndi Chongqing, maola apakati a dzuwa ku Bogotá pachaka ndi ochepa.
