Sisitemu ya PV igabanyijemo uburyo butanu:
1. Ingufu zikoreshwa ku giti cyawe, zisigaye ku muyoboro w'amashanyarazi
2. Ikoreshwa ryihariye, risigaye ku muriro w'amashanyarazi
3. Urusobe rwuzuye
4. Imiterere y'urukuta idafite aho ihuriye n'urukuta (Off-Grid) n'urukuta rudakoresha (Off-Gri
5. Kwikoresha, imbaraga zirenze urugero ku gitambaro
Ingufu zisigaye ku rubuga rw'amashanyarazi zikoreshwa n'umuntu ku giti cye
Iyi moderi ya sisitemu ya photovoltaic niyo ikunze gukoreshwa cyane, niyo systeme rusange ya photovoltaic ikoreshwa cyane muri iyi moderi.
Amashanyarazi akorwa na sisitemu ya photovoltaic ashobora gukoreshwa mbere na mbere kugira ngo yihuze n'umutwaro wayo, kandi arenzeho ashobora kugurishwa ikigo gishinzwe amashanyarazi kugira ngo hirindwe kuyapfusha ubusa; niba ingufu za photovoltaic zitangwa zidahagije, ikigo kizayatanga. Ariko, ubu buryo bwo kugera kuri iyi serivisi bugomba kumvikana n'ikigo gishinzwe amashanyarazi ku masezerano meza yo kugurisha ingufu, hashingiwe ku nyungu z'impande zombi. Ibipimo by'amashanyarazi bikoreshwa mu nzira ebyiri bishyirwaho n'ibigo bishinzwe amashanyarazi kugira ngo bipime ubushobozi bwo gukora inganda za photovoltaic n'ikoreshwa ry'ingufu z'abaguzi, no kwishyura cyangwa gukusanya amafaranga y'amashanyarazi hakurikijwe politiki n'imisoro byumvikane.
Ingorane ikomeye y'ubu buryo ni uko uburyo bwo kwinjiza amafaranga budashobora gukosorwa, igipimo cy'ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi n'ingufu zisigaye kuri grid gihora gihinduka, kandi agaciro k'uruganda iyo rutanzweho inkunga n'igurishwa gashobora kuba kari hasi gato ugereranyije n'umusaruro nyawo, ndetse n'abayobozi ntibashobora kubona agaciro k'umutungo gakwiye kuko bahangayikishijwe n'imikorere y'abakoresha mu gihe kizaza.
Ikoresha ubwayo, isigarana umuriro uva kuri gridi
Ikintu gitangaje muri ubu buryo bwo kwifashisha grid-connected ni "Grid-connected without internet". Aho kwinjira muri ubu bwoko biri ku mpera yo hasi y'imashini ipima grid kandi ni uruhande rwihariye rw'aho imitungo yose igarukira. Mu by'ukuri, sosiyete ikora grid ntabwo izabangamira uburyo sisitemu ikoresha, ariko ubu buryo busaba ko ingufu za photovoltaic zidashobora koherezwa kuri grid, bityo hagomba kuba hari igikoresho kirwanya umuriro. Iyo ingufu zikomoka ku ruganda rwa photovoltaic zirenze umutwaro warwo, igikoresho kirinda umuriro kigomba gusubiza ikimenyetso kuri inverter, bizagabanya ubushobozi bitewe n'umutwaro, kugira ngo bihuze n'umutwaro ukenewe kandi ntibitange amashanyarazi kuri grid, kugira ngo sisitemu ya photovoltaic igere ku musaruro wo gukumira umuriro urwanya umuriro.
Ubu buryo bwa sisitemu ya photovoltaic bukoreshwa muri rusange mu gihe umutwaro munini w'amashanyarazi ukoreshwa ku ruhande rw'umukoresha, ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi rihoraho, kuzimya gato cyangwa kuzimya igice kimwe cy'amashanyarazi mu mwaka, cyangwa no mu minsi mikuru, umutwaro wo kubungabunga amashanyarazi w'umukoresha nawo uba munini bihagije kugira ngo utware igice kinini cy'amashanyarazi akorwa na sisitemu ya PV. Uko bishoboka kose, ingufu zikorwa na sisitemu ya PV zizakoreshwa nta gusesagura.
Urusobe rwuzuye
Muri ubu buryo bwo guhuza amashanyarazi, amashanyarazi ya sisitemu ya PV ahuzwa neza n'uruhande rufite voltage nkeya cyangwa uruhande rufite voltage nyinshi rwa grid, ni ukuvuga uruhande rufite grid rw'umupaka w'umutungo. Muri ubu buryo, amashanyarazi akorwa na sisitemu agurishwa mu buryo butaziguye ku kigo gishinzwe amashanyarazi, kandi igiciro cyo kugurisha akenshi kiba igiciro cy'impano yo mu gace, mu gihe igiciro cy'amashanyarazi cy'umukoresha kidahinduka, ibi byitwa "Imirongo ibiri y'amafaranga yinjira n'ayasohoka, buri imwe ikaba ireba konti yayo".
Kugurisha hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga ritaziguye (direct grid) nabyo ni byo bikoreshwa cyane mu gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya PV; abashoramari bakunda uburyo bwo gukora ikoranabuhanga kuko bworoshye kandi bwizewe.
Urusobe rw'amashanyarazi rutari kuri interineti n'urusobe rw'amashanyarazi rutari kuri interineti
Iyi moderi idakoresha amashanyarazi, izwi kandi nka sitasiyo z'amashanyarazi zigenga (PV), ni sisitemu ikora idakoresheje amashanyarazi kandi ikoreshwa cyane kuko idashingiye ku miterere y'ubutaka, igihe cyose hari urumuri rw'izuba rushobora gushyirwaho no gukoreshwa, ikwiriye cyane mu turere twa kure tudafite amashanyarazi, ibirwa byihariye, amato y'uburobyi, aho ubworozi bwo hanze bubera, nibindi. Ishobora kandi gukoreshwa nk'ibikoresho byihutirwa byo gutanga amashanyarazi ahantu hakunze kubura amashanyarazi.
Ariko ubu buryo bwo gukora amashanyarazi bugomba kuba bufite bateri, kandi bufite ikiguzi kinini cyo gukora amashanyarazi. Kandi igihe bateri imara, kuba igomba gusimburwa, byazamuye ikiguzi cyo gukoresha. Rero, ubukungu, biragoye kuyikoresha cyane, bityo ntukagire inama yo gukoresha amashanyarazi ahantu heza.
Ni ingirakamaro cyane ku ngo ziri mu turere tudafite amashanyarazi cyangwa aho amashanyarazi akunze kubura. By'umwihariko, ikoreshwa gusa mu gukemura ibibazo by'amatara mu gihe cy'ibura ry'amashanyarazi. Kubwibyo, sisitemu zo gutanga amashanyarazi zidafite amashanyarazi zagenewe gukoreshwa mu turere tudafite amashanyarazi cyangwa mu turere dufite ibura ry'amashanyarazi rikabije.
Amatara yo ku muhanda ya photovoltaic, amatara yo mu gasozi n'ibindi bikoresho bya photovoltaic, nabyo ni sisitemu ya photovoltaic idakoresha amashanyarazi.
Kwikoresha, imbaraga zirenze urugero ku gitambaro
Uburyo bwo gukoresha ubu buryo bwo guhuza/kubura amashanyarazi ni ukubura amashanyarazi kenshi, cyangwa igiciro cyo kwiyifashisha gihenze cyane kurusha igiciro cyo kuri grid, kandi igiciro cyo hejuru gihenze cyane kurusha igiciro cyo kuri through.
Iyi ni ikoreshwa ry'ingufu za photovoltaic mu gushyiramo umuriro, zishobora gushyirwa ku giciro cyo hejuru, kugabanya ikiguzi cy'amashanyarazi; icya kabiri, zishobora gushyushwa mu kibaya, gusohora umuriro mu kirere, gukoresha itandukaniro ry'ibiciro hagati y'ikirere n'ikibaya kugira ngo ubone amafaranga; icya gatatu, iyo grid ari umuriro usanzwe, sisitemu ikora nk'uburyo busanzwe buhujwe na grid, aho ingufu za photovoltaic zibanza gushyirwa ku mutwaro, hanyuma ingufu zirenze zikabikwa muri batiri cyangwa zikagurishwa kuri grid, inverter ishobora guhindurwa muri off-grid mode, sisitemu ikomeza gukora nk'ingufu zo kwifashisha, photovoltaic na bateri ku mutwaro w'ingenzi unyuze muri inverter, nta myanda.
Uburyo bwo gukoresha bateri kuri interineti (On/Off-grid) n'uburyo bwo gukoresha bateri kuri interineti (Off-grid) ni bimwe mu bikenewe kuri bateri, ikiguzi cy'ishoramari rya mbere ni kinini cyane.
Ubu buryo bwo kwinjira bugomba kumvikana n'ikigo gishinzwe amashanyarazi ku masezerano ajyanye no kugurisha ingufu z'amashanyarazi, hazirikanwa inyungu z'impande zombi.
Muri rusange, abenshi bazakoresha uburyo bwo guhuza gridi; ubwo guhitamo, hakurikijwe ibisabwa byihariye by'umushinga.
