Ingufu z'urumuri rw'izuba zishobora guhinduka amashanyarazi mu buryo butaziguye binyuze mu gukoresha utunyangingo tw'izuba dukoresha imirasire y'izuba, tuzwi kandi nka utunyangingo tw'izuba. Utunyangingo tw'izuba duhuzwa mu buryo bwihariye kugira ngo dukore modules za photovoltaic, zigenewe kuzuza ibisabwa bimwe na bimwe bijyanye n'ingufu zitangwa n'umusaruro n'amashanyarazi. Ingano z'urumuri rw'izuba zigize module y'izuba zishobora gutandukana cyane, bitewe n'ingano y'uruganda rw'ingufu rwa photovoltaic.
Uburyo bwo gusudira bugezweho mu byuma bisukura no gusudira mu buryo bwa pulse butuma amashanyarazi aramba, akoresha utunyangingo twa mono crystalline cyangwa poly crystalline silicon photovoltaic, ikirahure gishyushye cyane, hamwe n’umuyoboro wa aluminiyumu urinda ingese, n’ibindi bikoresho.
Ese wambwira ubwoko bwinshi bw'uturemangingo tw'izuba?
1. Uturemangingo tw’izuba duhurira hamwe, uturemangingo tw’izuba duhurira hamwe, n’uturemangingo tw’izuba twa Schottky byose birashoboka mu byiciro bishingiye ku miterere.
2. Uturemangingo tw’izuba dukozwe mu bikoresho bitandukanye dushobora gushyirwa mu byiciro bitandukanye, harimo silikoni, ibinyabutabire by’umwimerere, pulasitiki, nanocrystalline ikora neza, inorganic compound semiconductor, n’uturemangingo tw’izuba tw’umwimerere.
3. Bishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro bya selile zisanzwe zikoresha imirasire y'izuba n'selile zikoresha imirasire y'izuba zigezweho hashingiwe ku buryo bwo guhindura amashanyarazi hakoreshejwe fotoelectric.
Dukurikije uburyo ubwoko bw'ibinyabuzima bushyirwa mu byiciro, hari ubwoko bune bw'uturemangingo tw'izuba: silikoni idafite isura, silikoni ya polycrystalline, selenide y'umuringa, gallium arsenide, na silikoni ya monocrystalline.
Uturemangingo tw'izuba twakozwe kuri silicone ya mono crystalline
Udushya duheruka mu ikoranabuhanga rya selile za photovoltaic, selile za monocrystalline silicon zitanga uburyo bwiza bwo guhuza ingano, imikorere myiza, no kuramba. Impuzandengo y'ubushobozi bwo guhindura selile za monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic mu Bushinwa yageze kuri 16.5%, aho imikorere ya laboratwari irenga 24.7%. Ibikoresho fatizo by'izi selile z'izuba akenshi ni silicon rods zifite urwego rwo gusukura rwa 99.9999% n'urwego rwo hejuru rwa monocrystalline silicon.
Uturemangingo twa silicon photovoltaic dutanga urumuri
Ubwoko bumwe bw'ingirabuzimafatizo z'izuba ni ingirabuzimafatizo za silikoni zikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya photovoltaic. Ikiguzi cyo gukora cyagabanutse cyane bitewe no gusimbuza ibikoresho bya silikoni zikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya polycrystalline mu gukurura silikoni zikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya monocrystalline, ibyo bikaba byaragabanyije cyane igihe cyo kuyikora. Igabanuka ry'ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho nyuma yo kubaka module ya PV riterwa n'uturemangingo twa PV tw'uruziga twubatswe mu nkoni za silikoni zikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya monocrystalline ndetse n'uko inkoni n'uturemangingo byombi ari uruziga. Hari inyungu yo gukoresha uturemangingo twa silikoni zikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya polycrystalline kuruta gukoresha utwa silikoni dukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya monocrystalline.
Uturemangingo tw’izuba tudafite ishusho ya silica
Ubwoko bushya bw'uturemangingo tw'icyuma dukozwe muri silikoni idahinduka ni uturemangingo twa silikoni duto duto. Semiconductor ifite imiterere ya kristu idahinduka izwi nka silikoni idahinduka. Ishobora gukora uturemangingo tw'izuba dufite ubugari bwa mikoroni imwe gusa, bungana na turemangingo twa silikoni duto dupima 300 nm. Ugereranyije na silikoni ya polycrystalline na monocrystalline, ifite uburyo bworoshye bwo kuyikora, ikoresha ibikoresho bike bya silikoni, kandi ikoresha ingufu nke cyane kuri buri gice.
Uturemangingo tw’izuba (photovoltaic cells) dukozwe mu muringa, indium, na selenide
Filimi ya semiconductor ikoreshwa ku kirahure cyangwa ku zindi substrates zihendutse kugira ngo hakorwe uturemangingo tw’izuba twa copper-indium-selenium. Ibikoresho by’ingenzi bikoreshwa ni uturemangingo tw’umuringa, indium, na selenium. Ubugari bwa filime bungana na l/100 ni bwo bukenewe kuri uturemangingo twa silicon photovoltaic monocrystalline kubera ubushobozi bwiza bwo kwinjiza urumuri bwa bateri za selenium za copper indium.
Uturemangingo tw'izuba dushingiye kuri Gallium Arsenide
Selile za silicon zikoresha batiri ntoya, zikoresha silicon idafite ishusho nk'ikintu cy'ingenzi cyubatse. Selile zikoresha kristale idahinduka izwi nka silicon idahinduka. Zishobora gukora selile z'izuba zifite ubugari bwa mikoroni imwe gusa, bungana na selile za siliconi zifite ishusho ya 300 nm. Hariho igabanuka rikomeye ry'ikoreshwa ry'ingufu z'imashini ndetse no koroshya uburyo bwo kuzikora ugereranije n'izindi selile zikoresha siliconi ya polycrystalline cyangwa monocrystalline.
Uturemangingo twa polima y'izuba
Akaremangingo ka polymer photovoltaic gakoresha polymer za redox zifite ubushobozi butandukanye bwo gukora redox.
Ibyiza n'ibibi byo gukoresha uturemangingo tw'izuba
Ibyiza:Nta ngaruka zo kugabanuka, mu by’ukuri ntabwo bihumanya ikirere, ntibiterwa n’uko umutungo ukwirakwira mu duce dutandukanye, bishobora gukorwa hafi y’uruganda rw’amashanyarazi, bifite ingufu nyinshi, ababikoresha biroroshye kwakira mu buryo bw’amarangamutima, bitanga ingufu mu gihe gito, kandi sisitemu y’amashanyarazi ifite amateka meza yo kwizerwa.
Ibintu bibi:Uretse ikiguzi cyo kubaka kiri hejuru ndetse n'ubucucike bw'ingufu nke zikwirakwizwa mu mirasire, ibihe bine by'umwaka, amanywa/ijoro, ibicu/izuba, n'ibindi bihinduka mu miterere y'ikirere byose bigira uruhare mu ngufu zikusanywa.
