Ibihe bine by'imikorere n'ubuziranenge bw'ubwenge

Impeshyi
1. Ese uburyo bwo kubyaza amashanyarazi buzagira ingaruka ku bintu nk'amababi y'impeshyi, igicucu cy'inzu, module za PV, amababi, cyangwa ndetse n'amabyi y'inyoni?
Sisitemu yo gutanga ingufu ishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye iyo modules za photovoltaic zipfundikiye ibintu nk'amazu, amababi, cyangwa ndetse n'amase y'inyoni. Kugira ngo hirindwe ingaruka z'ahantu hashyushye, ziba iyo imikorere y'amashanyarazi y'akagari ibaye mibi cyangwa ipfundikiye, ni ngombwa ko imiterere y'amashanyarazi y'uturemangingo twa PV ikoreshwa muri buri module ihura. Uturemangingo twa PV dufite igicucu dukora nk'umutwaro, dukura ingufu mu turemangingo tw'urumuri twegereye; iyi nzira izwi nka hot spot phenomenon, kandi ishobora kwangiza cyane module ya PV mu gihe idasuzumwe. Kugira ngo hirindwe ubushyuhe bwinshi mu turemangingo tw'amashami, hagomba gushyirwaho diode za bypass kuri modules za PV. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, ubwishingizi bwa DC bugomba gushyirwa kuri buri mugozi wa PV kugira ngo hirindwe ubushyuhe bwinshi mu turemangingo duhuriranye. Icucu kuri turemangingo twa PV gishobora kugabanya umusaruro wazo nubwo nta ngaruka z'ahantu hashyushye zibaho.

Impeshyi
1. Mu gihe cy'inkuba zo mu mpeshyi, ni gute sisitemu za PV zikwirakwizwa mu ngo zishobora kurindwa by'umwihariko kandi neza inkuba?
Inkuba zikubita ku mirasire y'izuba zishobora kwangiza ibikoresho no gutuma sisitemu zidakora; bityo, ni ngombwa gufata ingamba zo kurinda inganda z'amashanyarazi zikoresha amashanyarazi ya photovoltaic ku nkuba. Intambwe zikurikira zishobora gufatwa kugira ngo sisitemu za PV zirinde inkuba:
1). Urwego rwa PV kare rushyirwaho hasi iyo rumaze gufatishwa neza ku gice cyo hejuru.
2). Agasanduku ka metero ya PV gafite hasi kandi karinzwe n'inkuba.
3). Inverter ya PV ifite ishingiro.
Gushyira sisitemu ya photovoltaic (PV) ku nyubako isanzweho ubusanzwe ntibisaba gushyiraho sisitemu yo gushingiraho iy’ubutaka itandukanye, mu gihe umurongo w’ubutaka wa sisitemu ya PV uhujwe n’uburyo bwo gushingiraho iy’ubutaka bw’inyubako. Ariko, niba hari icyuma gifata inkuba (inkoni z’imirabyo) kigomba gushyirwaho cyangwa kitagomba gushyirwaho bitewe n’imiterere ya buri kibazo.
2. Mu gihe habaye inkuba, ese ni ngombwa kuzimya sisitemu ikora amashanyarazi ya PV?
Nta mpamvu yo gukuraho sisitemu za photovoltaic zikwirakwizwa mu ngo kuko zifite uburyo bwo kwirinda inkuba. Ni byiza guca icyuma gihagarika amashanyarazi mu gasanduku ka metero hanyuma ugaca umuriro kuri module ya PV kubera impamvu z'umutekano. Ibi bizarinda module yo kurinda inkuba kwangirika n'inkuba. Ingaruka zijyanye no kunanirwa kwa module yo kurinda inkuba zishobora kugabanuka niba abakozi bakora n'abashinzwe kubungabunga bagerageje vuba imikorere ya module.
3. Ese ugomba gusimbuza ibikoresho bishobora kwangirika nyuma y’inkubi y’umuyaga ikomeye yo mu mpeshyi?
Ntabwo bikwiriye gusimburwa ako kanya; ni byiza gutegereza kugeza mu gitondo cya kare cyangwa nyuma ya saa sita kugira ngo usimbuze. Abakozi bashinzwe ibikorwa n'ibikorwa byo kubungabunga amashanyarazi bazohereza abantu bahuguwe ngo babasimbuze niba ubibamenyesheje ku gihe.
4. Ni gute twakwitwara mu gihe cy'izuba, ubushyuhe n'umwuka byiyongera mu byuma bya PV?
Kubera ko imbaraga zisohoka za modules za photovoltaic zigabanuka uko ubushyuhe bwiyongera, kongera ubushobozi bwo gutanga amashanyarazi binyuze mu guhumeka no gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe birashoboka; uburyo buzwi cyane ni ugukoresha umuyaga usanzwe nk'icyuma gifasha guhumeka.

Igihe cy'impeshyi
1. Mu mezi y'izuba ryinshi, ni iki cy'ingenzi ugomba kuzirikana mu gihe urinda kandi urwanya inkongi mu ngo zifite sisitemu zikwirakwiza umuriro wa fotovoltaic?
Gutakaza ubuzima n'imitungo mu buryo butangaje bishobora guterwa n'inkongi y'umuriro bituma ari ngombwa ko ibintu bishya n'ibiturika bitashyirwa hafi y'imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi ikwirakwizwa mu ngo. Kugira ngo bigabanye ibyago byo gutwika, sisitemu za PV zigomba kuba zifite ubushobozi bwo kwimenya, kumenya arc, no kurinda inkongi, hiyongereyeho uburyo busanzwe bwo kwirinda inkongi. Ibindi bisabwa birimo uburyo bworoshye bwo gukora bworoshye bwo guhagarika inkuba bwa DC no kubika umuyoboro wo gukumira no kubungabunga inkongi buri metero 40 nibura.
2. Ese sisitemu ikora ingufu za photovoltaic izakomeza gukora mu gihe imvura idakira cyangwa igihu? Ese dushobora kwitega ko umuriro uzabura cyangwa umuriro udahagije?
Modules za photovoltaic zikoresha imirasire y'izuba (PV) zishobora gutanga amashanyarazi nubwo haba hari urumuri ruto; ariko, iyo habayeho ibicu cyangwa imvura igwa buri gihe, urumuri rw'izuba ruragabanuka, kandi voltage y'imikorere ya sisitemu ya PV ikaba idafite voltage itangira ya inverter, bigatuma sisitemu idakora. Hamwe na sisitemu ya PV ikwirakwira mu rugo ikorana n'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi, kubura kw'amashanyarazi no kubura kw'amashanyarazi biba ari ibintu bya kera. Ibi biterwa nuko umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi uziyongera amashanyarazi iyo sisitemu ya PV yo mu rugo idashobora guhaza ibyifuzo by'umutwaro cyangwa idashobora gukora bitewe n'ikirere cy'ibicu.

Igihe cy'itumba
1. Ese mu gihe cy'itumba, hazabaho ibura ry'amashanyarazi?
Mu by’ukuri, ubushyuhe bugira ingaruka ku ngufu za sisitemu za photovoltaic; ibipimo by’ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye birimo ubukana bw’imirasire, igihe cy’izuba, n’ubushyuhe bw’imikorere ya module y’izuba. Biteganijwe ko ubukana bw’imirasire buzaba buke mu gihe cy’itumba bitewe n’igihe cy’izuba gito kandi muri rusange ingufu zitangwa nke ugereranije n’impeshyi. Nyamara, kubera sisitemu ya PV ikoreshwa mu mihanda, umutwaro ntuzagaragaza ibimenyetso by’ibura ry’amashanyarazi cyangwa ibura ry’amashanyarazi mu gihe cyose amashanyarazi afite ingufu.