Bitewe n'uko politiki y'ingufu zikoresha imirasire y'izuba igenda isobanurwa buhoro buhoro, inganda zikoresha imirasire y'izuba mu ngo zirimo gutangiza uruhererekane rushya rw'amateka kandi ruhura n'ibibazo n'amahirwe bitari byarigeze bibaho. Iyi politiki isaba ko mu mwaka wa 2030, imashini zose zikoresha imirasire y'izuba, harimo n'imashini zikoresha imirasire y'izuba mu ngo, zigomba kugira uruhare rusesuye mu bikorwa by'isoko. Iri hinduka rya politiki ntirihindura gusa imiterere y'inganda, ahubwo rinashyiraho urufatiro rw'iterambere ry'ejo hazaza.
Imbogamizi: Gutegereza no kureba isoko n'ubushobozi buke
Nubwo ubushobozi bushya bwa photovoltaic mu ngo bwageze hafi kuri 16GW mu gice cya mbere cy'uyu mwaka, ukwiyongera kwaragabanutse ugereranije n'amakuru ya 21GW mu gihe nk'icyo umwaka ushize. Iyi ngeso iterwa ahanini n'imyumvire y'abashoramari bakomeye nka za leta nkuru, ibigo bya leta byo mu gace n'ibigo by'imari ku mitungo y'izuba, byatumye habaho kugabanuka kw'izamuka ry'ibigo bikomeye ku isoko. Byongeye kandi, kugabanya ubushobozi bwa transformer nabyo ni ikibazo gifatika kibangamira iterambere rya solar panels mu ngo. Ariko, mu rwego rw'igihugu, umubare w'ibikoresho bya photovoltaic mu ngo byashyizweho ni miliyoni 5 gusa, kandi igipimo cy'ubushobozi bwashyizweho kiracyari munsi ya 10% ugereranije n'ubushobozi bw'isoko bwa miliyoni 80, bigaragaza ko isoko rikiri rinini kandi ubushobozi buratarakoreshwa.
Amahirwe: Inkunga ya politiki n'ubushobozi bw'isoko
Nubwo hari imbogamizi, ahazaza h’inganda zikoresha ingufu zikomoka ku mashanyarazi mu ngo haracyari amahirwe menshi. Icya mbere, icyerekezo gisobanutse cy’iyi politiki gitanga icyizere gihamye ku nganda. Ingufu zikomoka ku mashanyarazi mu ngo ku bantu basanzwe zizagira uburyo bwo kugura bwizewe kugira ngo zigarure umusaruro uhamye, mu gihe ingufu zikomoka ku mashanyarazi mu ngo ku bantu basanzwe zishishikarizwa guhuzwa byuzuye n’umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi no guhuza amashanyarazi menshi akorwa kandi agakoreshwa na bo ubwabo, ibyo bikaba birushaho gutuma isoko rirushaho gukomera. By’umwihariko, iterambere ryihuse rya ingufu zikomoka ku mashanyarazi mu ngo ku bantu basanzwe ryabaye ikintu nyamukuru muri iki gihe. Intara nyinshi zahisemo uburyo bwemewe n’amategeko bwo gutanga serivisi, bwateje imbere ishyirwaho ry’inganda. Icya kabiri, kwiyongera guhoraho kw’ibikenewe ku isoko bitanga umwanya mugari wo guteza imbere ingufu zikomoka ku mashanyarazi mu ngo. Bitewe n’ubwiyongere bw’ingufu zisukura mu gihugu hose, cyane cyane amashanyarazi make mu turere tw’inkombe z’amajyepfo y’uburasirazuba, ibiciro by’amashanyarazi by’imishinga ikomoka ku mashanyarazi mu ngo byaremewe, bityo abashoramari bongera icyizere. Biteganijwe ko ingano y’ishyirwaho ry’amashanyarazi akomoka ku zuba muri uyu mwaka izagera kuri 18GW, kandi isoko ryuzuyemo icyizere cy’iterambere ry’ejo hazaza.
Amahitamo yo gukora ibikorwa bishingiye ku isoko
Politiki y’ubucuruzi igiye gutangira ishingiye ku isoko izagira ingaruka zikomeye ku nganda zikoresha ingufu zikomoka ku mashanyarazi mu ngo. Ku ruhande rumwe, ishobora gutuma bamwe mu bitabira isoko badahangana cyane bava ku isoko kandi bagateza imbere abashoboye mu nganda; ku rundi ruhande, izanatuma inganda zitera imbere mu cyerekezo cyiza kandi gihamye. Hamwe n’ivugurura ry’isoko ry’ingufu, impuzandengo y’inyungu y’imbere mu gihugu (IRR) y’imishinga ikoresha ingufu zikomoka ku mashanyarazi mu ngo yitezweho kuzatuza hagati ya 6% na 7%, bigaha abashoramari inyungu ihamye.
Muri rusange, imirasire y'izuba ku nganda zo mu ngo iri mu gihe cy'impinduka zikomeye, hamwe n'ibibazo n'amahirwe bihari. Muri iki gihe, abitabiriye inganda bagomba gukomeza kugira ubushishozi buhamye ku isoko no kwizerana gukomeye, no guhuza imbaraga n'impinduka ku isoko n'impinduka za politiki. Muri icyo gihe, gushimangira udushya mu ikoranabuhanga no kugenzura ikiguzi, no kunoza ipiganwa n'inyungu by'imishinga bizaba ari ingenzi mu kugera ku iterambere rirambye. Ndizera ko hakurikijwe amabwiriza ya politiki kandi ashingiye ku busabe bw'isoko, inganda zikoresha ingufu z'amashanyarazi mu ngo zizazana ejo hazaza heza.
