Mu turere tumwe na tumwe, nta mwanya uhari wo guhuza sisitemu za photovoltaic (PV) n'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi. None se kuki dushyiraho izindi nyinshi? Ese koko hari umubare munini w'abakeneye ingufu?
Abantu bakunze kunenga PV n'ingufu z'umuyaga bavuga ko ari "amashanyarazi y'imyanda," aboneka iyo adakenewe kandi ataboneka iyo akenewe, bigatera ingaruka zikomeye ku muyoboro w'amashanyarazi. Inganda nazo zirahangana cyane. Ese birakwiye gukora muri uru rwego?
Hari ukutumvikana hano. Nk’uko byatangajwe n’Inama Isesengura ry’Iterambere ry’Ingufu Zisubiranye yabaye muri Gashyantare, igipimo cy’ikoreshwa ry’ingufu z’umuyaga ni 96.8%, naho icya PV ni 98.3%. Ibi bipimo by’ikoreshwa biri hejuru cyane, bivuze ko hafi ya amashanyarazi yose akoreshwa akoreshwa, kandi ubu, nta kibazo cyo kugabanya ingufu z’umuyaga cyangwa PV. Mu gihembwe cya mbere cya 2024, ubushobozi bw’ingufu zisubiranye bwashyizwemo bwarenze kilowati miliyari 1.585, aho umuyaga na PV bingana na kilowati miliyari 1.1, bigize 52.9% by’ubushobozi bwose bwashyizweho. Mu 2060, ubushobozi bw’ingufu zisubiranye buteganijwe kugera kuri kilowati miliyari 6. Kugira ngo tugere kuri iyi ntego, tugomba kongeraho kilowati miliyoni 150 z’ubushobozi bwashyizweho buri mwaka. Ariko, ikibazo gikomeye ni uko uturere dukenera amashanyarazi menshi akenshi tubura ahantu ho gushyiramo, mu gihe uturere dufite ahantu hadafite ubushobozi bwo gukoresha. Kubwibyo, tugomba kubaka imiyoboro mishya y’amashanyarazi menshi cyane (UHV), imiyoboro ikwirakwiza, na sisitemu zo kubika mu bihe bitandukanye.
Mu 2024, ishoramari mpuzamahanga mu rwego rw'amashanyarazi ryitezwe kugera kuri miliyari 400 z'amadolari, aho miliyari zisaga 50 z'amadolari zishorwa mu ikoranabuhanga ryo kubika batiri, muri zo 80% bizashyirwa mu gihugu cyacu. Ibi bigaragaza ingaruka zigaragara z'iterambere rishya ry'ingufu ku iterambere ry'ubukungu.
Nk’uko bigaragara muri Raporo y’Ishoramari ry’Ingufu ku Isi y’Ikigo Mpuzamahanga gishinzwe Ingufu, ishoramari ku rwego rw’isi mu bijyanye n’ingufu mu 2024 rizarenga tiriyari 3 z’amadolari ku nshuro ya mbere, aho tiriyari 2 z’amadolari zizajya mu nganda zikora ingufu zisukura, harimo ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa, imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, ingufu za kirimbuzi, n’ububiko. Biteganijwe ko Ubushinwa bwonyine buzashora miliyari 675 z’amadolari, zingana n’ishoramari rya Amerika n’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi. Ubushinwa, Amerika, n’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi byose hamwe bizaba bigira uruhare rwa bibiri bya gatatu by’ishoramari ku rwego rw’isi mu bijyanye n’ingufu zisukura mu 2024.
Ukurikije uburyo bwo guhindura umutekano w’ingufu no kwiyongera k’ubukungu bushingiye ku ngamba zo gukoresha karubone ebyiri, iterambere ry’ingufu nshya nta gushidikanya ko ari ingenzi cyane. Niyo mpamvu gahunda z’imijyi zo kugerageza gushyiramo karubone nyinshi zishimangira ko hashyirwaho PV nyinshi kandi bigatuma tubona ibikorwa nka "Uturere 100, Imijyi 1000, n’Imidugudu 10.000", birimo ibikorwa nka "Wind Action," "Sunshine Action," imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu zijya mu byaro, ndetse n’uburyo amashanyarazi akwirakwizwa mu mudugudu wose.
