Isoko rya PV mu Buyapani

Isoko rya PV mu Buyapani: Riri kwiyongera hagati y'ibibazo
Ubuyapani bumaze igihe buhura n’iterambere rikomeye mu iterambere ry’ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba, aho imishinga irenga 6.7 GW y’ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba (photovoltaic) yemejwe hagati ya Nyakanga 2022 na Mutarama 2023, nk’uko Minisiteri y’Ubukungu, Ubucuruzi n’Inganda (METI) ibitangaza. Ibirenga 47 ku ijana by’iyi mishinga birenga megawati 1 (MW), bikitwa izina rya "Mega Solar". Uko Ubuyapani bugenda butera imbere muri izi ngufu nini zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba, hari ibibazo bibazwa niba bushobora kuzamuka bukagera ku isoko rya kabiri ku isi rya PV. Nubwo hari icyizere, haracyari imbogamizi nyinshi, cyane cyane ku bijyanye n’ubushobozi bw’umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi n’uburyo uhagaze.

Ibibazo by'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi n'ubusumbane mu turere
Mu gihe Ubuyapani buzana imishinga myinshi ya Mega Solar kuri interineti, ubushobozi bwo gukoresha grid bumaze kuba ikibazo gikomeye. Isosiyete ya Hokkaido Power Electric Company, imwe mu masosiyete y’ishoramari mu Buyapani, yatangaje ko ubushobozi bwayo bwo kohereza ingufu za PV zirenga MW 2 ubu bungana na MW 400. Kugeza ku ya 31 Werurwe, iyi sosiyete yari imaze kwakira ubusabe bungana n’ubu bunini inshuro enye. Kubera iyo mpamvu, bitatu bya kane by’imishinga ikoreshwa ntishobora kugera kuri grid cyangwa ngo igabanye ubunini bwayo. Hokkaido yamenyesheje abasaba imishinga minini ko hari ikibazo cy’ubukene bw’ubushobozi bwa grid. METI yasabye abakora imishinga gutekereza ku turere tudafite umuvuduko mwinshi kugira ngo hakorwe imiyoboro mishya y’izuba.

Akarere ka Hokkaido, gafite ubutaka buhari kandi buhendutse, kagize hafi 25% by'imishinga minini ya PV yemewe muri gahunda y'igihugu ya Feed-in Tariff (FIT), nubwo ikigo gishinzwe gutanga amashanyarazi kiri munsi ya 3% by'ikenewe mu gihugu. Ubu busumbane mu karere bugaragaza ko hakenewe gukwirakwiza imishinga y'izuba mu buryo buhamye kugira ngo imikoreshereze y'amashanyarazi irusheho kuba myiza no kubungabunga umutekano.

Impinduka mu mikorere ya FIT n'amabwiriza
Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe iterambere ry’amashanyarazi (FIT) gitegeka ibigo by’ubucuruzi gutanga serivisi zo gukoresha amashanyarazi no kugura ingufu zose zikomoka kuri sisitemu zishobora kuvugururwa, uretse bimwe mu bintu bidasanzwe. Ariko, kugira ngo amashanyarazi akomeze kuzura, METI yatangaje gahunda zihutirwa ku ya 17 Mata, iha ibigo by’ubucuruzi uburenganzira bwo kubuza cyangwa kwanga gukoresha amashanyarazi. Amategeko ya mbere ya FIT yari arimo itegeko ry’indishyi z’iminsi 30, aho ibigo by’ubucuruzi byagombaga kwishyura abashoramari bashya mu gihe basabwe kugabanya umusaruro w’amashanyarazi mu gihe kirenze iminsi 30 mu mwaka. METI ubu irimo gutekereza gukuraho iki cyifuzo cy’indishyi, kandi icyemezo cya nyuma giteganijwe hagati muri Gicurasi.

Imishinga Mikuru n'Ibyiza by'ejo hazaza
Imwe mu mishinga minini ya PV mu Buyapani ni umushinga wa 400-MW (AC) ku kirwa cya Ukujima mu Ntara ya Nagasaki, wakozwe n'ikigo cy'Abadage cyitwa Photovolt Development Partners GmbH. Wemejwe na METI muri Werurwe mbere yuko igipimo cya FIT kigabanywa kuva kuri ¥40/kWh kikagera kuri ¥36/kWh, umushinga uzashyirwa mu byiciro bitandukanye. Amashanyarazi azatangwa azoherezwa mu gihugu cya Kyushu binyuze mu muyoboro w'amashanyarazi ukoresha ingufu nyinshi, bikemura ubusumbane mu bucuruzi bw'akarere. Kyushu Electric Power Company, yemeje imishinga irenga 800 ya Mega Solar, ingana na 25% by'imishinga yose y'igihugu. Nubwo hari impungenge ku bushobozi bw'amashanyarazi, isosiyete ntabwo iratangaza ko hari imbogamizi zo kugera ku isoko.

Impinduka mu by'ingufu nyuma ya Fukushima
Nyuma y’ibiza bya Tsunami na Nuclear byabereye muri Werurwe 2011, Ubuyapani bwagiye bugerageza gusimbuza ingufu za kirimbuzi gaze karemano n’izindi ngufu. FIT ni ingenzi mu gutandukanya ingufu z’Ubuyapani. Ariko, kubigeraho ntibisaba gusa ubushobozi buhagije bwo gukoresha amashanyarazi, ahubwo bisaba no kugabanya uburyo bwo gukoresha amashanyarazi mashya. Umwe mu bashoramari bo muri ako gace yagize ati: "Uza mbere, uza mbere. Iyo ukoze vuba, ushobora kuba intsinzi," bigaragaza imiterere y’isoko. Undi yagereranyije uko ibintu bimeze n’ibibazo bya politiki y’ingufu zisubira za Esipanye, agaragaza ingorane zishobora kubaho mu buryo Ubuyapani bukoresha.

Gahunda ya FIT y’Ubuyapani, yashushanyije nk’iy’Ubudage, igamije gushyiraho isoko rya PV rirambye. Mu gihe guverinoma ikomeje kugira icyo ikora no gushyiraho amategeko mashya mu rwego rwo guhangana n’ibibazo bivuka, hari ibyago byo kwigana uruziga rw’iterambere ryagaragaye muri Esipanye, aho iterambere rirambye ritagezweho. Impinduka zikomeje gukorwa n’ingamba zo guhangana n’ingaruka mbi zizaba ingenzi mu kugena intsinzi n’ituze by’igihe kirekire by’isoko rya PV ry’Ubuyapani.