Nk'ubucuruzi bw'ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa kandi zihora zitera imbere, ikoreshwa rya photovoltaic riri kugenda ryinjira buhoro buhoro mu bice byose by'ubuzima bw'abantu. Urwego rukoreshwa mu gutanga ingufu z'izuba rurimo kwaguka, kuva kuri sisitemu zikwirakwizwa za photovoltaic ku mazu kugeza ku bucuruzi n'inganda, kuva ku gushyira inganda zikoresha imirasire y'izuba ku bisenge no ku butaka budafite abantu kugeza ku gukora ibikoresho bito bya photovoltaic.
1. Igisenge cy'izuba gihujwe n'igisenge cy'inganda n'ubucuruzi
Inganda nini, imiyoboro y'ibiribwa, n'ibigo byigenga bifite umutungo mwiza wo gusakara ukurikije imiterere y'ubucuruzi. Kubera ko ubucuruzi bwinshi bukoresha amashanyarazi menshi, hashobora kuboneka inyungu nyinshi iyo igisenge cy'ingufu gikoreshejwe neza. Byongeye kandi, kubera ko ubu bwoko bw'ubucuruzi bufite uburenganzira ku mutungo mu gihe kirekire—ubusanzwe bumara imyaka irenga 20—bukwiriye cyane mu iterambere rya megawati hejuru y'inganda nini z'amashanyarazi. Ibi bifasha ubucuruzi gukemura ikibazo cy'amashanyarazi gusa ahubwo binagirira akamaro ubukungu n'ibidukikije.
Bitewe n'ibisenge binini kandi birebire, ibiciro by'amashanyarazi biri hejuru, ndetse n'ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi menshi mu nyubako z'inganda n'iz'ubucuruzi, hari ubushobozi bwinshi bwo gushyiraho no gutanga amashanyarazi. Byongeye kandi, inganda z'amashanyarazi zo mu nganda n'iz'ubucuruzi ni ishoramari ryiza cyane ukurikije ishoramari. Gushyira inganda z'amashanyarazi zikoresha amashanyarazi ya photovoltaic ku bisenge by'ubucuruzi n'inganda bishobora gufasha kugabanya ibiciro by'amashanyarazi, gutanga inyungu nziza ku mafaranga y'amashanyarazi, no kuvugurura imitungo idahinduka. Bishobora kandi kugabanya ubushyuhe bw'imbere mu nganda no guteza imbere kugabanya ingufu n'ibyuka bihumanya ikirere.
2. Sitasiyo y'ibanze ya Photovoltaic + Itumanaho
Itsinda rya China Tower Group rigomba gukora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo amashanyarazi akomeze gukoreshwa umunsi ku wundi kuko rifite sitasiyo zisaga miliyoni 1.9 z'ibanze, nyinshi muri zo zikaba ari sitasiyo z'itumanaho zifite ahantu hanini ho gukwirakwira. Iyo nta sisitemu ya photovoltaic ihari, abakozi bagomba gutangiza moteri ya mazutu kugira ngo batange isoko ry'amashanyarazi ry'agateganyo. Moteri za mazutu zirahenda kuzikoresha no kuzibungabunga, ariko kandi zifite agaciro kanini cyane iyo zihujwe na sisitemu ya photovoltaic ikora.
Inverters n'udusanduku tw'amashanyarazi bishyirwa ku nkuta z'icyumba cy'ibikoresho, mu gihe panels za photovoltaic zishyirwa ku gisenge cy'icyumba cy'ibikoresho, ahantu hafunguye hakikije, na pylon.
Iyo ikirere kimeze neza, sitasiyo y'ibanze izakoresha sisitemu za photovoltaic mu gukora amashanyarazi; iyo hari umwijima n'imvura, izakoresha ingufu z'amashanyarazi; iyo hari ikirere kibi kandi hakabura umuriro, izakoresha ingufu za bateri. Ibi bizafasha bateri gukomeza gukora neza.
3. Uruganda rutunganya amazi (urutunganya imyanda/urutunganya amazi) hamwe n'uruvange rw'amashanyarazi
Minisiteri y'Imiturire n'Ubwubatsi yashyize ahagaragara amakuru agaragaza ko igihugu cyakusanyije inganda zitunganya imyanda zisaga 4000 n'inganda z'amazi hafi 4000. Ubwoko bw'inganda zombi bufite ubuso bunini bwagenewe ibidendezi byo gutunganya amazi. Byongeye kandi, ingufu zikoreshwa mu nganda zitunganya imyanda buri mwaka ni nyinshi. Gushyiramo amashanyarazi ya photovoltaic bitanga inyungu zikomeye mu by'imari; imishinga yo gukora amashanyarazi ya photovoltaic ikoresha ibisenge by'inganda zitunganya imyanda, hamwe n'ibigega byo gusenya imyanda, ibigega bya biochemical, na pisine. Hejuru y'ibyo, gushyiraho paneli za photovoltaic zikoresha imirasire y'izuba bitanga inyungu zidasanzwe mu bijyanye n'umwanya. Byongeye kandi, kubera ko inyinshi mu nganda zitunganya imyanda ari iza leta y'ibanze, ubucuruzi burakomeza.
4. Ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba hamwe n'aho guparika imodoka/aho imodoka zihagarara
Bumwe mu buryo bworoshye kandi bufatika bwo guhuza n'inyubako ni carport ya photovoltaic. Gushyiramo photovoltaic mu carport, corridors, n'ahandi hantu, hamwe n'ibice byo gusharija n'ibindi bikoresho, bishobora kongera umuvuduko rusange w'ikoreshwa ry'ahantu ho mu mijyi gusa, ahubwo binanongerera abantu uburyo bworoshye bwo kugenda. Bitewe n'igicucu cy'izuba, kurinda imvura, n'ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gufata ubushyuhe, carport za photovoltaic zigenda zikundwa cyane nk'isoko y'ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa ku bitaro, amashuri, ahantu h'ubucuruzi, pariki z'inganda, n'imodoka zikoresha bateri. Hari ubwoko bwinshi butandukanye bw'udukingirizo twa photovoltaic. Udukingirizo dusanzwe dushyirwa mu byiciro nk'udukingirizo tw'inkingi imwe, udukingirizo tw'inkingi ebyiri, udukingirizo tw'inkingi imwe, n'ibindi. Sisitemu ya bracket, module ya bateri, sisitemu yo gupima amatara n'uburyo bwo kugenzura, sisitemu yo gusharija, sisitemu yo kurinda inkuba, na sisitemu yo gufunga ni bimwe mu bigize carport ya photovoltaic. Ibice by'ingenzi bigize sisitemu yo gushyigikira ni ibifunga bya bateri module, purlins zifatanye n'imirasire iteganye kugira ngo ishyigikire imiterere ya module ya solar cell, inkingi zishyigikira, n'imirasire iteganye ishyizwe hagati y'inkingi zishyigikira.
5. Ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba + Sitasiyo ya Gazi
Mu myaka ya vuba aha, umubare munini w’ibigo bikomeye bitanga peteroli byinjiye mu rwego rushya rw’ingufu. Ibigo bitanga peteroli nka Sinopec, PetroChina, na Shell byatangiye gushushanya imishinga ya sitasiyo za lisansi za PV mu Bushinwa. Sitasiyo za lisansi za PV nazo zizatanga inzira nshya yo gutera imbere bitewe n’imishinga myinshi isanzwe y’ibigo bitanga ingufu ikora neza. Ibigo bikomeye bitanga peteroli nabyo biri guhatanira ahantu hashya harimo imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi, guhuza inyubako za photovoltaic, n’imodoka nshya zitanga ingufu.
ImageMu minsi ishize, sitasiyo y'amashanyarazi ya photovoltaic yubatswe hejuru ya sitasiyo ya lisansi ku muhanda wa South Ring Road wa Hangzhou. Inzu y'amashanyarazi ya sitasiyo ya lisansi ifite imirongo ibiri y'inkingi kandi yubatswe mu byuma bifite ishusho. Igisenge cy'inzu gifite metero 630 z'amatafari y'ibyuma bifite amabara menshi ni cyo gisenge cy'inzu. Ibice 176 bya module za silicon za polycrystalline 285Wp zose hamwe, hamwe n'imigozi 8 ya modules yashyizweho n'ubushobozi bwa 50.16kWp. Byongeye kandi, hari seti 1 ya inverters z'imigozi za 50kW zashyizweho muri uyu mushinga, zihujwe n'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi binyuze mu "kwihangira no kwikoresha, hamwe n'amashanyarazi asigaye akoreshwa kuri interineti." "Kwihangira no kwikoresha amashanyarazi asigaye kuri interineti" nk'uburyo bwo guhuza amashanyarazi. Hashingiwe ku makuru y'ibanze, igihugu gifite nibura sitasiyo za lisansi 130.000. Tuvuze ko kimwe cya kabiri cy'izi sitasiyo gifite sisitemu za photovoltaic za 10kW zashyizweho, igihugu kizaba cyubatse imishinga ya photovoltaic ya 650.000kW!
6. Ikigo cy'Ubucuruzi/Ububiko bw'Ibintu mu Karere/PV+Ibikoresho
Kubaka inganda zikora ibikoresho, inganda nshya z'ingufu, n'ubucuruzi bwo kuri interineti kuri imwe mu mbuga rusange kandi zifunguye, kimwe no guhinga no korohereza ibigo by'ubucuruzi, ibigo by'ubucuruzi bwo kuri interineti, n'ibigo by'ibikoresho, bizafasha guhanga urusobe rw'ubucuruzi rudasibangana. Ibigo by'ibikoresho bishobozwa no guteza imbere pariki z'inganda, iterambere rishya ry'ingufu, no guhuza interineti mu buryo bw'umwimerere.
Bikekwa ko Pariki ya Cainiao Network Logistics yagenewe gushyiraho ubutaka bungana na hegitari 20.000, hamwe n’ubuso bungana na metero kare zisaga miliyoni 5 n’ubuso bungana na metero kare zisaga miliyoni 4. Biteganijwe ko uruganda rw’amashanyarazi rushobora kubakwa ku bushobozi bwa megawati zisaga 300. Muri Werurwe 2017, Jingdong yatanze itangazo ryatangaje inganda ubwo yatangazaga ko Jingdong Logistics igiye kubaka uruganda rw’amashanyarazi rwa photovoltaic rwa 800MW ku gisenge cya metero kare miliyoni 8. Byongeye kandi, guhuza ikoranabuhanga rya PV n’ibisenge by’inzu n’ubutaka budakoreshwa neza bw’ibikoresho n’ububiko bwinshi biri hirya no hino mu gihugu bishobora gutanga inyungu zikomeye mu bukungu no mu bidukikije.
