1. Ikiraro cy'amashanyarazi akoresha amashanyarazi (photovoltaic shed) ni iki?
Ikiraro cy’amashanyarazi akoresha amashanyarazi, nk'uko izina ribisobanura, ni uruhurirane rw'ikoranabuhanga rya amashanyarazi akoresha amashanyarazi n'ikiraro gisanzwe, ubwo bwoko bw'ikiraro bushobora guparika amagare akoresha amashanyarazi, birumvikana ko n'imodoka zisanzwe zikoresha lisansi nazo zishobora guparika.
Inzu y'amashanyarazi ya photovoltaic ishyirwa hejuru y'inzu, aho ikoreshwa mu gutanga ingufu za photovoltaic, kugira ngo ikusanyirize urumuri rw'izuba mu mashanyarazi, kugira ngo inyurwe munsi y'imodoka ikoresha amashanyarazi cyangwa umuriro w'imodoka ikoresha amashanyarazi. Ibyuma bya photovoltaic (PV) n'imirongo yo gushyushya nabyo ni ubwoko bushya bw'umushinga wo guteza imbere PV. Inzu z'amashanyarazi za PV ntizishobora kuzirinda izuba n'imvura gusa, ahubwo zikora n'ingufu z'icyatsi kibisi kandi zisukuye zituruka ku ngufu z'izuba.
Mu myaka ibiri ishize, bitewe n’izamuka rikomeye ry’ibiciro bya peteroli, lisansi n’amashanyarazi avanze, imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi asanzwe zirushaho gukundwa n’abaturage, aho baparika imodoka kugira ngo bakore ububiko bwa fotovoltaic, kwishyuza amafaranga icyarimwe bishobora no kugurisha amashanyarazi kugira ngo binjize amafaranga. Gushyira ububiko bwa fotovoltaic mu mapaki y’inganda, mu duce tw’ubucuruzi, mu duce twa serivisi zo mu muhanda, mu duce twa parikingi, nibindi, ntabwo bifasha gusa umuntu kwiyifashisha, ahubwo bishobora no kugurisha amashanyarazi y’ikirenga no kubona inyungu igarukira ku giciro runaka, ubu ni uburyo bwiza bwo gushora imari.
2. Ibyiza byo gusiga umuriro w'amashanyarazi ukoresheje amashanyarazi
1). Ikigega cya PV gishobora guhuzwa n'urusobe rw'amashanyarazi mu gihe cy'imyaka 30. Muri icyo gihe, gishobora gushyirwamo ububiko bw'ingufu, bivuze gushyiraho inkingi zo gusharija kugira ngo zishyure amashanyarazi n'imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu, cyangwa kuri pariki, ingufu z'ibigo, amashanyarazi y'inyongera nabyo bishobora kwinjiza amafaranga kuri interineti.
2). Inkunga ya politiki ya leta, ihura n'amahirwe yo ku isoko, umushinga wo kubika ingufu ni umuyaga, ishobora gushyirwaho imirundo yo gusharija ikoreshwa kabiri!
3). Igiciro gito, koresha neza aho hantu hasanzwe, nta mpamvu yo kwigarurira umutungo w'inyongera w'ubutaka.
4). Akabati k'amashanyarazi gakoresha ingufu z'amashanyarazi ni gato, koroshye gushyiramo, gashobora koroha kandi koroshye gukoresha.
5). Ingano y'inyubako ishobora kuba nini cyangwa nto. Ubushobozi bwinshi bwo gushyiraho burenga MW 50, bungana n'ikibuga cy'umupira w'amaguru 20, bushobora guparika imodoka zirenga 20.000. Ingano nto ishobora kuba iyo mu rugo, imodoka 1 ~ 2 gusa.
6). Ifata ubushyuhe neza, ishobora gufata ubushyuhe bw'imodoka, igatanga ahantu hakonje, ugereranije n'aho isanzwe ikorera, ikonje kurushaho, igakemura ikibazo cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi mu modoka yo mu mpeshyi.
3. Inyungu ku ishoramari
Igiciro cya metero kare y'amazu akoresha ingufu za voltaic ni gito cyane, aho imishinga yose irimo inyubako z'ibyuma na sisitemu za voltaic zitwara amayuni 900 gusa kuri metero kare, ubwiyongere bwa mayuni magana atatu gusa kuri metero kare ugereranije n'amazu asanzwe akoresha ingufu za membrane. Ibiciro byiyongereye bishobora kwishyurwa binyuze mu kwinjiza amafaranga.
Bite se ku bijyanye n'amafaranga yinjira mu biro byo kwishyuza? Tuyabara dukoresheje ibiro byo kwishyuza.
Dukurikije imikorere iriho ubu y’umuzingo wo gushyushya wa DC wa 120 kw, kugira ngo tubare, inyungu kuri kilowati-saa imwe ni yuan 0.5～ yuan 0.7 y’amafaranga ya serivisi, hakurikijwe igihe cyo gushyushya cy’amasaha 4 ku munsi.
Inyungu y'umunsi umwe: 120 × 4 × 0.5 ~ 0.7 = 240 ~ 336 yuan
Inyungu y'ukwezi kumwe: 240-336 x 30 = 7,20010080
Iposita yo kwishyuza amafaranga y’inyongera ishobora kwinjiza hagati ya 80.000 na 120.000 ku mwaka
Uretse inyungu z'ibanze zo kwishyuza amafaranga kuri kilowati-saa y'amashanyarazi, intara n'uturere ku giti cyabyo bishobora gusaba inkunga ya leta, ushobora kandi kwishyuza sitasiyo iri ku rukuta cyangwa posita iri ku mwanya wo kwamamaza kugira ngo ukodeshe n'ubundi buryo bwo kubona amafaranga.
4. Ibyiza by'iterambere ry'ejo hazaza n'icyerekezo
Ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi byabaye icyerekezo cy'ingenzi cy'iterambere ry'inganda z'imodoka z'ejo hazaza. Bitewe no gukwirakwira kw'ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi, ibibazo byo gusharija no guhagarika imodoka biba ibibazo byihutirwa bigomba gukemurwa.
Hamwe n’iterambere n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga, “Photovoltaic + storage + charger pile” bizashyiraho sisitemu nto y’amashanyarazi yo gukora ingufu nyinshi zuzuzanya, ishobora gutuma umuntu yikoresha yikoresha, step storage, hamwe na arbitrage yo kubika ingufu mu kibaya cy’imisozi miremire, ikoreshwa ryinshi ry’amashanyarazi mu misozi miremire no mu kibaya kugira ngo haboneke inyungu nyinshi mu bukungu. Byongeye kandi, hamwe n’iterambere ryihuse ry’ikoranabuhanga rya AI, step fotovoltaic izaba ahantu ho guparika imodoka, charger nziza kandi ituwe mu shed imwe nziza.
