Iterambere n'Imikoreshereze y'Ikoranabuhanga rya Thin-Film Solar

Ikoranabuhanga rya "Thin-film photovoltaic" (PV) ryagaragaye nk'ishami ry'ingenzi mu gutanga ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, ritanga ibyiza bidasanzwe nko koroshya imikorere, imiterere yoroheje, no gukoresha neza ikiguzi. Impinduka zaryo kuva ku bushakashatsi bwa mbere kugeza ku ikoreshwa ryagutse zigaragaza inzira yo guhanga udushya no guhuza ibikorwa kugira ngo hahuzwe n'ingufu ziyongera ziyongera.

Inkomoko ya PV y’urumuri ruciriritse yatangiriye mu myaka ya za 70, iterwa no gushaka ubundi buryo bwo gusimbura utunyangingo twa silicon dusanzwe dukoresha imirasire y’izuba. Iterambere rya mbere, harimo n’akanyangingo ka silicon k’urumuri ruciriritse kakozwe na Xerox mu 1972, ryashyizeho urufatiro rw’ikoranabuhanga rishya ry’izuba. Mu myaka ya za 1980, silicon idahinduka (a-Si) yabaye impamo mu bucuruzi, bitewe n’ibiciro byayo byo gukora bike. Nubwo ubushobozi bwayo bwari buke, PV y’urumuri ruciriritse yabonye isoko ryayo rya mbere bitewe n’uko yari ihendutse kandi ishobora kwaguka.

Mu myaka ya 1990, ikoranabuhanga rya thin-film ryabaye igihe cy'ingenzi cyane, aho abashakashatsi batangije ibikoresho bigezweho nka copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) na cadmium telluride (CdTe). Ibi bishya byongereye imikorere kandi bifungura imiryango ku bikorwa bishya. CIGS yamenyekanye cyane kubera ko ifite ubushobozi bwo guhindura ibintu no koroshya ibintu, bituma ikoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye, mu gihe CdTe yamenyekanye cyane kubera ko ihendutse kandi ikoresha ingufu nyinshi, cyane cyane mu mirima minini y'izuba. Iri terambere ryakomeje PV ya thin-film nk'uburyo bwo guhangana n'ikoranabuhanga risanzwe ry'izuba.

Mu myaka ya 2000, PV y’urumuri rw’amashanyarazi rwinjiye mu cyiciro cy’iterambere ryihuse. Uburyo bwo kunoza uburyo bwo gukora no kunoza ibikoresho byagabanyije ibiciro, bituma ikiguzi gikenerwa ku isi yose gikwirakwira. Abakinnyi bakomeye mu nganda baguye umusaruro, kandi PV y’urumuri rw’amashanyarazi rw’amashanyarazi rwiyongereye mu mishinga minini ikoreshwa mu mirasire y’izuba. Uburyo ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa mu guhuza n’imiterere y’ubutaka bwatumye iba amahitamo meza ku bikorwa bitandukanye, kuva ku bisenge kugeza ku mirima ikoresha imirasire y’izuba.

Muri iki gihe, PV y’urumuri rugufi ikomeje gutera imbere, irangwa n’udushya dutandukanye tw’ibikoresho n’uburyo bwihariye bwo kuyikoresha. Silicon idafite ireme iracyafite agaciro mu bihe by’urumuri ruke no ku masoko yihariye, nka Bwongera Ubushyuhe bw’Ikoranabuhanga (BIPV) n’ibikoresho bitwarwa. Hagati aho, CIGS irakomeye mu bikorwa byoroshye bisaba ko ibintu bihinduka, kandi CdTe iyobora ibikorwa binini bitewe n’uko ihendutse. Iri terambere ryashyize PV y’urumuri rugufi nk’umusanzu ukomeye mu bijyanye n’ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa.

Ahazaza ha PV y’urumogi ruciriritse hashingira ku kugera ku musaruro mwiza, kugabanya ikiguzi cyo gukora, no kunoza ibidukikije. Ubushakashatsi buri gukorwa bugamije kunoza ibikoresho nka CIGS na CdTe, mu gihe iterambere mu nganda zibungabunga ibidukikije rigamije kugabanya ingaruka ku bidukikije. Izi ngamba ziteganijwe kongera ubushobozi bwo guhangana na PV y’urumogi no kwagura ubwiza bwayo ku masoko.

Imiterere yihariye ya Thin-film PV yatumye ihuzwa n’ibintu bitandukanye, kuva ku miturire no ku bisenge by’inganda kugeza ku bikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bitwarwa n’ubuhinzi. Uburyo bworoshye bwo kuyihuza neza n’imiterere y’inyubako, bihuza ubwiza n’ingufu. Mu buhinzi, thin-film PV ishyigikira uburyo bwo gukoresha ibintu bibiri, itanga ingufu ariko ikongera ibidukikije.