Incamake
Muri uyu mwaka, Pakisitani, igihugu cyo muri Aziya y'Epfo gifite abaturage barenga miliyoni 200, cyagaragaye nk'isoko rishya ry'amazu akoresha amashanyarazi n'ububiko bw'ingufu. Kimwe na Afurika y'Epfo, iterambere ryihuse ry'isoko rya Pakisitani rikoresha amashanyarazi n'ububiko bw'ingufu rifitanye isano rya hafi n'isoko ry'amashanyarazi ritoroshye.
Umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi muri Pakisitani umaze igihe kinini urangwamo ibura ry'amashanyarazi n'ibura ry'amashanyarazi, ahanini bitewe n'ubushobozi buke bwo kuyakora ndetse n'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi ushaje kandi ugakwirakwiza umuriro, bityo ukaba utakaza imiyoboro myinshi. Mu gihe cy'ubukene bwinshi, nko mu mpeshyi, umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi ntushobora kwihanganira umutwaro, bigatuma ibura ry'amashanyarazi riba ikintu gikunze kubaho.
Ubukungu
Nubwo igipimo cy’izamuka ry’umusaruro rusange wa Pakisitani kiri hejuru, kiri inyuma y’andi masoko ari kuzamuka ndetse n’ibihugu biri mu nzira y’amajyambere. Nk’uko bitangazwa n’Ikigega Mpuzamahanga cy’Imari (IMF), umusaruro rusange wa Pakisitani wageze kuri miliyari 338.2 z’amadolari mu 2023, ukaba uri ku mwanya wa 43 ku isi, ugereranije n’intara ya Shanxi yo mu Bushinwa.
Kuva mu 2000 kugeza 2023, ubwiyongere bw'umusaruro rusange wa Pakisitani bwageze ku mpuzandengo ya 5.5%. Ariko, mu myaka myinshi, iki gipimo cy'ubwiyongere cyari kiri hasi ugereranyije n'ibindi bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere n'ubukungu buri mu nzira y'amajyambere. Ku bijyanye n'umusaruro rusange w'umuturage ku giti cye, icyuho kiri hagati ya Pakisitani n'igihugu cy'abaturanyi cy'u Buhinde cyariyongereye. Mbere ya 2007, ubwiyongere bw'umusaruro rusange wa Pakisitani ku muntu bwari hejuru gato ugereranyije n'u Buhinde, ariko kuva icyo gihe u Buhinde bwarushije Pakisitani cyane.
Abaturage
Kubera ko Pakisitani ifite abaturage barenga miliyoni 200, abaturage benshi kandi bakomeza kwiyongera. Nk’uko Banki y’Isi ibitangaza, abaturage ba Pakisitani bageze kuri miliyoni 236 mu 2022. Ibarura rusange ryakozwe mu 2023 ryagaragaje ko abaturage biyongereye bagera kuri miliyoni 240, bikaba ari ubwa gatanu mu bunini ku isi. Abaturage ba Pakisitani bakomeje kwiyongera kuva mu 1960, aho buri mwaka biyongeraho 1.65% kuva mu 2010.
Abaturage biganjemo abakiri bato n’abakuze, aho ingano y’ingo zabo igera kuri 6.4, nk’uko Ikigo gishinzwe ibarurishamibare cya Pakisitani kibitangaza mu 2017.
Ingufu
Pakisitani yishingikiriza cyane ku ngufu gakondo n'ingufu zikomoka ku mazi, hamwe n'ubushobozi bwo gukora gaze karemano n'amakara bukomeza kwiyongera. Nubwo ifite ububiko bwa gaze karemano n'amakara, Pakisitani itumiza mu mahanga igice kinini cy'ikoreshwa ryayo rya lisansi. Kugeza mu 2023, hejuru ya 50% by'ubushobozi bwo gukora gaze ya Pakisitani buturuka kuri peteroli, gaze karemano n'amakara, mu gihe ingufu zikomoka ku mazi zirenga 20%. Ingufu zisubira ziracyari nke, aho ingufu z'umuyaga zigera kuri 4% naho ingufu z'izuba zigera kuri 1% gusa.
Ibidukikije
Pakisitani iherereye mu turere dushyuha n'utwo mu turere dushyuha, ikeneye amashanyarazi menshi, aho ikoreshwa ry'amazu rigera kuri 50% by'ibikenewe byose. Ikirere cy'igihugu, cyane cyane mu turere two mu majyepfo, gituma amashanyarazi akoreshwa cyane bitewe n'ubushyuhe bwinshi buri mwaka, cyane cyane mu mpeshyi.
Sisitemu y'amashanyarazi
Urwego rw'amashanyarazi muri Pakisitani ruhanganye n'ibibazo bikomeye, birimo imyenda isanzwe n'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi ugenda utera imbere buhoro buhoro hamwe n'igihombo kinini. Guverinoma ishyigikira uru rwego binyuze mu nkunga n'inkunga, ariko uru rwego ruhanganye n'imyenda isanzwe bitewe n'igipimo gito cyo kwishyura fagitire, igihombo kinini cyo kohereza no gukwirakwiza ingufu, ndetse n'inkunga idahagije ya leta. Ibi bibazo bituma ikigo gishinzwe kugura ingufu gikunze gutinza kwishyura inganda z'amashanyarazi n'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi w'igihugu, bigatuma ikibazo cy'imyenda igabanuka mu ruhererekane rw'ibikoresho.
Umuyoboro w’itumanaho ushaje, wakozwe cyane cyane mu myaka ya 1970 na 1980, urushaho gukaza ibi bibazo bitewe n’igihombo cyawo kinini.
Impinduka mu Ingufu
Pakisitani ishyira imbere impinduka mu ngufu kandi igashyigikira iterambere ry’ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa nk’ingufu zikomoka ku mazi n’amashanyarazi aturuka mu muyaga. Gutanga amashanyarazi mu gihugu bishingiye cyane ku bikomoka kuri peteroli bitumizwa mu mahanga, bigatuma ibiciro bya peteroli bihindagurika kandi bikaboneka. Kugira ngo ibi bikemuke, leta yashyize mu bikorwa politiki nka Politiki yo guteza imbere ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa, Igenamigambi ry’Ingufu Zihuriweho, na Politiki y’Ingufu Zishobora kongera gukoreshwa (2020). Izi politiki zigamije kongera uruhare rw’ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa n’izindi ku isoko ry’ingufu rya Pakisitani kugera kuri 20% mu 2025 na 30% mu 2030.
Ku bijyanye n'ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, ikigo gishinzwe kugenzura ingufu muri Pakisitani, NEPRA, gishishikariza imishinga ikoresha ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba binyuze mu ipiganwa, kikanashyiraho uburyo bwo koroshya iterambere ry'imishinga ikoresha ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba.
