Ibikoresho nka module za PV (modules z'izuba), inverters, udusanduku two guhuza, udusanduku two gukwirakwiza, racking, n'insinga zihuza bigize sisitemu y'uruganda rw'amashanyarazi rwa PV. Ibibazo byose kuri kimwe muri byo bishobora kubangamira imikorere ihoraho y'uruganda rwose rw'amashanyarazi, wenda bigatera igihombo gikomeye nko gutwika cyangwa gutakaza ingufu.
Hashingiwe ku mibare y’ibarurishamibare, ibibazo by’ibikoresho bya DC, harimo ibice, inverters, n’udusanduku tw’amashanyarazi, bigira uruhare rungana na 90.18% by’ibibazo bisanzwe bya sisitemu y’amashanyarazi ya PV, mu gihe ibibazo by’ibikoresho bya AC, harimo insinga, transformers, ubwubatsi bw’ubwubatsi, na sitasiyo zo gukurura ingufu, bigira uruhare rungana na 9.82%.
Ibibazo bisanzwe bya sisitemu y'amashanyarazi ya PV
Ibibazo by'Ubuziranenge
1. Ibibazo bijyanye n'ubuziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa n'ibikoreshoharimo modules za photovoltaic zavuguruwe, kwandika ingufu z’impimbano, panneaux z’izuba zidakora neza, kugabanuka gukabije; ingufu zidahagije zo gusohora no gusaza kw’inverters; urwego rudakwiye rwa beto n’ingano idahagije yo gusuka; amakosa akomeye mu bikoresho byo mu gitereko, urwego rudahagije rwa zinc galvanizing; insinga zo munsi y’insinga n’ubushobozi budahagije bwo gutwara umuriro; ikoreshwa ry’ibikoresho byo gukwirakwiza umuriro mu buryo budakurikije gahunda, ibice bitujuje ibisabwa, n’ibindi.
2. Ibibazo bijyanye n'ubwiza bw'inyubako n'imitangire yazoIbibazo by'ingenzi mu bwubatsi no gushyiraho birimo guhindagurika kw'ifatizo, gufata neza ikiraro cy'icyuma, gushyiramo agasanduku k'ibyuma mu buryo butari bwiza, guhuza neza insinga, gukora nabi, guhuza nabi, gushyiraho nabi ibice bivamo icyuho cyihishe, n'ibindi.
Dkugenzura ibintu mu buryo bufatika
1. Gupfuka igicucu:Ibishyushya amazi bikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, inyubako (inkuta, imiyoboro y'amazi), insinga zifite amashanyarazi menshi, antene, sitasiyo z'ibanze, inkuta z'amashanyarazi, ibiti, ibyatsi bibi, n'ibindi bintu byose bitanga igicucu ku mirasire y'izuba. Bitewe n'uko ingufu zituruka kuri module ya PV zishobora guterwa cyane n'umwe mu turemangingo twayo tw'izuba gusa. Ingaruka zo gupfuka igicucu zikunze kubaho ni ingaruka za corruption n'ubushyuhe.
Ijambo "ingaruka z'ahantu hashyushye" risobanura uburyo ubushobozi bwa module ya PV bwo gutwikira igice cy'ubushyuhe bw'imbere kurusha igice kidapfutse, bigatuma byoroha ko ahantu hashyushye havuka, bishobora gutwika module no kugabanya igihe cyo kuyikoresha no kuyibyaza umusaruro;
Ijambo "ingaruka za corrosion" risobanura ibintu by'uburozi bigwa ku buso bw'imirasire y'izuba bitewe n'umukungugu uva mu kirere. Ibi bintu bishobora kuba aside cyangwa alkaline, kandi bishobora gutuma ubuso bugwa. Bishobora kandi gutuma urumuri rw'izuba rusa neza, bigagabanya ingufu zitangwa.
2. Umukungugu n'urubura:Uduce tw'umukungugu, nk'umukungugu uturuka ku binyabiziga bihumanya ikirere, imyuka iva mu modoka, n'ubutaka, bihagarara mu kirere. Ingufu zo gukoresha ingufu z'izuba zizaterwa n'umukungugu, amase y'inyoni, umucanga, amababi y'ibimera, ibizinga by'inyubako, amavuta, n'ibindi bintu bihumanya ikirere byoroshye kwinjira inyuma aho izo module zishyirwa. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, urubura rugwa kuri module ya photovoltaic rushobora gutera igicucu gipfukamye, ibyo bikaba byahagarika amashanyarazi ya PV.
Module ifite igicucu gito izaba ifite umuvuduko muto mu gice cy’akaremangingo gifite igicucu kurusha mu zindi selile. "Ingaruka z'ahantu hashyushye" ziterwa n'uko agace k'umwijima gashyira imbaraga nyinshi ku ngufu binyuze mu guhindura ingufu z'amashanyarazi ubushyuhe no kuzamura ubushyuhe.
Gupfuka igicucu igihe kirekire bishobora gutuma ubushyuhe bwinshi buhoraho mu gace gashyushye ka module, bishobora gutwika selile n'agasanduku k'aho ihurira cyangwa bigatera umuriro. Gupfuka igicucu igihe kirekire bituma igice cy'iselile gipfuka gikora nk'umutwaro igihe kirekire.
3. Gucunga akaga gahishe:Imikorere y'uruganda rutanga ingufu z'amashanyarazi rukoresha amashanyarazi ya photovoltaic ntigomba kwirengagiza ingaruka mbi zihishe nko gukoresha ibyuma bya PV kare mu murima mu kubaka amazu y'agateganyo, ibirundo by'inkwi, ibyatsi bibitswe mu buryo butari bwitondewe, imizabibu n'ibyatsi bibi, gutera no korora ibimera n'inkoko, ibyatsi byasigaye mu murima bitarafatwa neza, imva zitarimurwa vuba bityo zikiyongera, icyari cy'inyoni, ibyari by'inyundo, ubudodo bw'inkeri, n'ibindi. Kutamenya izi ngaruka zihishe bishobora gutuma ingaruka z'ubushyuhe bw'imirasire y'izuba zigabanuka, kongera igihombo cy'imikorere, no kugabanya ingufu zitanga ingufu. Iyo udukoko turi mu gasanduku k'amashanyarazi tudakuweho vuba, hari ibyago byo kudakoresha umurongo, gutwika ibikoresho, ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga uruganda rutanga ingufu kiyongera, no kugabanuka kw'amafaranga aturuka mu gutanga ingufu. Cyane cyane mu gihe cy'itumba no hafi y'Iserukiramuco rya Qingming, hari amahirwe menshi ko imva z'uruganda, ibyatsi bibi, n'imyanda bishobora gufatwa n'inkongi.
