Buri wese muri twe mu buzima ashobora kumva igihe cy'izuba mu mwaka mu mpinduka, igihe cy'izuba ry'impeshyi ni kirekire, igihe cy'izuba ry'imbeho ni gito, ibi mu gace k'uburebure bw'umunsi bihora bihinduka bitewe n'uko Isi izenguruka izuba. Ku gice cy'Amajyaruguru y'Isi, aho dutuye, umunsi uba muremure ku mpera y'izuba (hafi ya 22 Kamena) kandi ukaba mugufi ku mpera y'izuba ry'imbeho (hafi ya 22 Ukuboza). Kuva ku mpera y'izuba ry'impeshyi kugeza ku mpera y'izuba ry'imbeho, iminsi irushaho kuba migufi, kandi kuva ku mpera y'izuba ry'imbeho kugeza ku mpera y'izuba ry'impeshyi, iminsi irushaho kuba miremire. Ku bafite ibibazo kuri ubu buryo, mushobora gusuzuma "Impinduka y'izuba ry'izuba ritaziguye" Giorgio Graffi yavuze mbere.
Ibi byavuzwe haruguru ahanini bivuga ku miterere y'impinduka z'uburebure bw'umunsi mu gace runaka mu mwaka, none se niba dushaka kugereranya igihe cy'izuba ryinshi ahantu hatandukanye mu mwaka, iki kimenyetso kizagirwaho ingaruka n'iki?
Mbere na mbere, tugomba gutandukanya ibitekerezo bibiri by'uburebure bw'umunsi n'igihe cy'izuba, uburebure bw'umunsi bwerekeza ku burebure bw'umunsi mu gace, bugomba kungana n'igihe izuba rirenzeho ugereranyije n'igihe izuba rirenzeho, imibare yihariye y'inyuma ya GioGraffi nayo izashyirwa ahagaragara mu buryo burambuye, ari cyo kizamini gikoreshwa kenshi, ariko kandi abanyeshuri benshi ntibashobora gutsinda ingorane. Igihe cy'izuba cyerekeza ku zuba ahantu hafite amasaha nyayo, ahanini akoreshwa mu kugaragaza imiterere y'ikirere cyangwa imiterere y'ikirere cy'akarere, bityo ibintu bigira ingaruka ku gihe cy'izuba ahanini ni ikirere, aho kuba ahantu hatandukanye, tugomba kubyitondera!
Reka turebe amasaha y'izuba asanzwe mu Bushinwa, uhereye ku mbonerahamwe ikurikira ushobora gusobanura itegeko irihe? Kandi ni ibihe bintu byihariye?
Dukurikije imbonerahamwe iri hejuru, kugeza mu 2018, impuzandengo y'amasaha y'izuba igaragara, muri rusange, impuzandengo y'amasaha y'izuba mu Bushinwa igaragazwa n'amajyepfo y'uburasirazuba kugeza mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba, ahanini bitewe n'uturere two mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba tw'inkombe twibasiwe n'imvura nyinshi, imvura nyinshi igwa cyane, bigira ingaruka ku mubare w'amasaha y'izuba, naho mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'ikirere cy'ubutayu, imvura ni nto, umubare w'amasaha y'izuba ni munini. Byongeye kandi, inshuti zitondeye zishobora gusanga amasaha y'izuba ya buri mwaka yo mu kibaya cya Tibet, igice cy'uburengerazuba cya Inner Mongolian Plateau n'utundi turere ari amasaha agera ku 3.000, bitewe n'ubutumburuke bwinshi, umwuka muto, n'izuba ryinshi. Ku rundi ruhande, ikibaya cya Sichuan gifite amasaha ari munsi y'1.000 y'izuba ku mwaka, ahanini bitewe n'imiterere y'ubutaka, umwuka mwinshi w'amazi, ibicu byinshi n'amasaha make y'izuba.
Hanyuma, reka turebere hamwe urutonde rw'amasaha y'izuba asanzwe ku isi yose. Ni iyihe mijyi ibona izuba? Kandi ni iyihe mijyi itabona izuba umwaka wose?
Amasaha 10 y'izuba ryinshi ku mwaka
01. Yuma, muri Amerika, amasaha 40 n'igice y'izuba ku mwaka
Yuma iherereye mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba bwa leta ya Arizona muri Amerika, hafi ya Kaliforuniya, ifite ikirere cyumye kandi imvura igwa buri mwaka iri munsi ya mm 100, ibi bikaba ari wo mujyi wonyine ufite amasaha arenga 4.000 y'izuba ku mwaka, bingana n'impuzandengo y'amasaha 10.96 y'izuba ku munsi. Yuma ifite kandi umwe mu miterere y'izuba ikunzwe cyane muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.
02.Massa Alam, Misiri, izuba ryinshi rimara amasaha 3,958 ku mwaka
Massa Alam ni icyambu kiri ku nkombe z'inyanja itukura, gifite ikirere cy’ubutayu gikunze kuba mu turere dushyuha cyane, gishyushye kandi cyumye umwaka wose, gifite ibicu bike n’izuba ryinshi. Kuva ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cyo muri ako gace cyatangizwa mu 2001, Marsa Alam yabaye icyambu gishya gikunzwe n’abakora ingendo zo mu mazi mu karere k’inyanja itukura.
03. Calama, Chili, izuba ryinshi rigera ku masaha 3926.2 ku mwaka
Calama ni umujyi wo mu majyaruguru ya Shili uherereye mu misozi y'iburengerazuba bwa Andes, mu birometero 21 gusa uvuye aho ikirombe cy'umuringa giherereye muri Chuquicamata, ku butumburuke bwa metero 2,266 uvuye ku nyanja, ufite ikirere cyumye cyane.
04. Dakhla Oasis, Misiri, izuba ryinshi rigera ku masaha 3,943.4 ku mwaka
Iherereye mu ntara ya New Valley mu Misiri, Dakhla Oasis ni imwe mu misozi irindwi iri mu butayu bw'Iburengerazuba bwa Misiri. Amasoko ashyuha arenga 500, imirima y'imbuto nziza, imijyi n'imidugudu byo mu gihe cya kera bisigaye, amazu meza yubatswe n'amatafari y'ibyondo n'inzibutso zitandukanye muri ako gace byabaye ahantu nyaburanga hakurura ba mukerarugendo baturutse impande zose z'isi.
05. Phoenix, muri Amerika, amasaha 3871.6 y'izuba ku mwaka
Phoenix na Yuma zombi ziri ku mwanya wa mbere ziherereye muri Arizona, Phoenix nayo ikaba ari umurwa mukuru. Phoenix isobanurwa kandi nka Phoenix, izwi nka Hoozdo mu rurimi rwa Navajo, bivuze ahantu hashyushye. Phoenix ifite ikirere cyumutse gifite ubushyuhe bwinshi buri ku rwego rw'umwaka kurusha umujyi uwo ari wo wose ukomeye muri Amerika. Ugereranyije, ubushyuhe burenga dogere 38 Fahrenheit iminsi 89 ku mwaka, hafi ya buri gihe kuva muri Kamena kugeza muri Nzeri. Byongeye kandi, izina ry'ikipe ya NBA iherereye muri Phoenix ni "Phoenix Suns", bivuze ko izuba riba ririmo izuba umwaka wose.
06. Kitmanshoop, Namibiya, amasaha y'izuba asanzwe ku mwaka ni saa 3870h
Kitmanshoop ni umujyi uri mu majyepfo ya Namibiya ukaba n'umurwa mukuru w'akarere ka Karas. Uherereye ku nkengero z'ubutayu bwa Namib, ufite ikirere cyumye gifite imvura nke kandi izuba rimara amasaha menshi.
07. Las Vegas, muri Amerika, amasaha y'izuba ku mwaka ni 3825.3h
Las Vegas ni umujyi munini muri leta ya Nevada muri Amerika n'umujyi uzwi cyane ku isi mu mikino y'amahirwe. Las Vegas iherereye ku nkengero z'ubutayu bwa Nevada muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika kandi ikikijwe n'imisozi miremire ifite uburebure bwa metero 1000-3000. Las Vegas ifite ikirere gisanzwe cy'ubutayu mu mpeshyi, aho ubushyuhe bwa saa sita bukunze kugera kuri dogere selisiyusi 38 no kugeza kuri dogere selisiyusi 45 cyangwa irenga.
08. Tucson, muri Amerika, amasaha y'izuba asanzwe ku mwaka ni 3806h
Tucson ni umujyi wa gatatu ku rutonde ukomoka muri leta ya Arizona yo mu majyepfo ya Amerika, iherereye mu kibaya cy’ubutayu gikikijwe n’imisozi ku mpande eshatu. Ubushyuhe bw’umwaka wose n’izuba ryinshi byakuruye ba mukerarugendo benshi, cyane cyane iterambere ryihuse ry’inganda zigiye mu kiruhuko cy’izabukuru zihagarariwe n’ikigo cyita ku bageze mu zabukuru, kandi abageze mu zabukuru benshi bakomoka mu majyaruguru y’uburasirazuba bwa Amerika baguze amazu muri Tucson. Byongeye kandi, ikigo cy’ingabo zirwanira mu kirere cya Davis-Monthan giherereye mu karere k’umujyi.
09. Harij, Misiri, amasaha y'izuba ku mwaka ni 3790.8
Harij ni ahantu hanini ho mu butayu bw'Iburengerazuba bwa Misiri, hafite amatongo y'insengero zo mu kinyejana cya gatanu mbere ya Yesu. Ni ahantu hazwi cyane hakorerwa ubukerarugendo muri Egiputa. Imiterere y'ikirere y'ubushyuhe umwaka wose, kugira ngo hatezwe imbere ubuhinzi, hubakwe uburyo bwo kuhira, hubakwe ubutaka bwiza, kandi hubakwe ubuhinzi buteye imbere.
10. El Paso, muri Amerika, amasaha y'izuba ku mwaka ni 3762.5h
El Paso iherereye mu burengerazuba bwa leta ya Texas muri Amerika. Izina ry'uyu mujyi, El paso, ni mu cyesipanyoli risobanura "The Pass", bivuga inkombe zogejwe na Rio Grande. Ikirere cyumye, gifite umwuka muke w'amazi n'ibicu bito bitwikiriye.
Ibikurikira: 10 ba mbere batabonye izuba
01. Totoro, Kolombiya, amasaha y'izuba asanzwe ku mwaka ni 637h
Totoro iherereye mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba bwa Kolombiya, munsi y'ubuyobozi bw'ishami rya Cauca, aho ikirere kiba gishyushye kandi gishyushye umwaka wose, hamwe n'imvura irenga milimetero 1.500 buri mwaka.
02. Tórshavn, Ibirwa bya Faroe, amasaha y'izuba asanzwe ku mwaka ni 840h
Tórshavn ni umurwa mukuru w'ibirwa bya Faroe, kandi izina ry'umujyi rishobora gusobanurwa nka "icyambu cya Thor", izina ry'imana y'inkuba mu migani ya Norse. Ibirwa bya Faroe bigwa imvura nyinshi n'ikirere cyuzuye ibicu mu mwaka wose bitewe n'imiyaga yo mu burengerazuba ndetse n'imiyaga ishyushye n'ikonje ihurirana, bigatuma izuba riba nk'ikintu cy'akataraboneka ku birwa bya Faroe.
03. Chongqing, mu Bushinwa, amasaha y'izuba ku mwaka ni 954.8
Chongqing, akarere gashya mu Bushinwa, kazwi nka "Umujyi w'Imisozi" na "Umujyi w'Imyuzure". Chongqing ni imisozi miremire, aho imisozi irenga bibiri bya gatatu by'ubuso bwayo bwose, kandi ifite ikirere cy'imvura nyinshi mu turere dushyuha. Byongeye kandi, uruzi rwa Jialing muri Chongqing Chaotianmen ruhagarara mu ruzi rwa Yangtze, aho amazi ahumeka. Uruvange rw'ibintu rutuma Chongqing iba igihu, kandi amasaha y'izuba aba make cyane.
04. Dixon, mu Burusiya, amasaha 1164.3 y'izuba ku mwaka
Dixon iherereye hafi y'umugezi wa Yenisei ku bushyuhe bwa 73°N, yibasirwa n'ikirere cya Arctique, aho buri mwaka habaho amezi 10 y'itumba. Izuba ntirimara amezi 2 gusa, ahubwo rinaterwa n'ubukonje, imvura nyinshi n'ibicu byinshi, kandi ntabwo izuba rihora rigaragara iyo rihari.
05. Malabo, Guinée Equatoriale, izuba ryijimye rigera ku isaha 1176.7 ku mwaka
Malabo ni umurwa mukuru wa Guinée Equatorial kandi iherereye ku kirwa cy'ibirunga gikikijwe n'inyanja no mu gace k'inyanja, gafite ikirere cy'inyanja gishyuha cyane, bityo Malabo ifite imvura nyinshi n'amasaha y'izuba ryinshi ku mwaka.
06. Buenaventura, Kolombiya, izuba ryijimye rigera ku isaha 1178 ku mwaka
Buenaventura ni icyambu kinini muri Kolombiya n'umujyi ukomeye ku nkombe y'inyanja ya Pasifika. Umujyi uherereye ku kirwa cya Cascajal mu kigobe cya Buenaventura, uhujwe n'ikiraro ku kirwa kandi ni ihuriro ry'ubucuruzi bw'amahanga bwa Kolombiya. Bitewe n'aho uherereye ku nkengero z'inyanja hafi y'umubumbe w'isi, ikirere kirashyushye kandi gishyushye, kandi imvura nyinshi igwa.
07. Lima, Peru, amasaha y'izuba asanzwe ku mwaka ni 12:30h
Lima ni umurwa mukuru wa Peru kandi igabanyijemo ibice bibiri: umujyi wa kera n'umujyi mushya. Lima izwi ku isi yose nk'umujyi utagira imvura, utagira inkuba, imirabyo cyangwa inkubi y'umuyaga mu mwaka wose, kandi urubura n'urubura ntibivugwa. Nubwo nta mvura igwa, amasaha y'izuba asanzwe muri Lima ni make cyane, kandi bamwe mu bahanga bakeka ko bifitanye isano n'ihumana ry'ikirere riterwa n'iterambere rikomeye ry'inganda muri Lima.
08. Ushuaia, Arijantine, amasaha y'izuba ku mwaka ni 1281.2h
Ushuaia iherereye mu majyepfo ya Arijantine, ku birometero 3.200 uvuye i Buenos Aires, umurwa mukuru w'igihugu, ariko ku birometero 800 gusa uvuye i Antaktika, umujyi uri mu majyepfo cyane ku isi, uzwi kandi nk'iherezo ry'isi. Ushuaia ni ahantu heza ho gufatira ubwato no kongera gutanga ibikoresho byo mu ngendo n'ingendo muri Antaktika. Bitewe n'aho iherereye mu gace k'umuyaga w'iburengerazuba, gakunze guhura n'imiyaga myinshi ituruka mu burengerazuba n'imvura ituruka mu burengerazuba umwaka wose, Ushuaia irakonja kandi iratose umwaka wose, kandi izuba riragoye kuyibona.
09. Reykjavik, Isilande, amasaha 1,326 y'izuba ku mwaka
Reykjavik ni umurwa mukuru wa Isilande, ndetse n'umujyi wa mbere n'icyambu cya mbere muri icyo gihugu. Reykjavik iherereye kuri 64°N, iri hafi cyane ya Arctique Circle, ariko iterwa n'umugezi w'ubushyuhe wa Atalantika y'Amajyaruguru kandi ifite ikirere giciriritse. Ariko, inkombe, hamwe n'ubwinshi bw'umutungo kamere w'ubushyuhe, bituma amazi menshi azamuka mu mujyi wa Reykjavík, ibyo bikaba bigira ingaruka ku masaha y'izuba.
10. Bogotá, muri Kolombiya, amasaha y'izuba asanzwe ku mwaka ni 1328h
Bogotá ni umurwa mukuru wa Kolombiya kandi ni umwe mu mijyi igenda yihuta cyane mu karere ka Amerika y'Epfo. Sisitemu ya Bogotá yo gutwara abantu mu buryo bwihuse (BRT) izwi ku isi yose kandi yiganwa n'uturere twinshi. Bogotá iri hafi y'umurongo wa equator, ariko iherereye mu gace k'imisozi miremire gafite ikirere gikonje cyane. Kimwe na Chongqing, amasaha y'izuba ya Bogotá ku mwaka ni make cyane.
