Pfupiso yepfungwa huru dziri shure kwesimba remagetsi e photovoltaic
Kuronga kwakarongeka mumapoka
Kune mhando mbiri dzema "photovoltaic systems": ayo anoshanda asina kubatana negrid uye ayo anoshanda.
1. Sisitimu yePV yakazvimirira inozivikanwawo sesarudzo yekunze kwegrid. Solar cell module, mota, uye accumulator zvinoumba zvikamu zvikuru zvesisitimu. Unofanira kugadzira AC converter kuti ugone kupa simba kune mutoro unoshandisa alternating current (AC). Zvigadzirwa zve photovoltaic zvinomira zvega zvinosanganisira masisitimu akasiyana-siyana esimba anozvishandira ega, akadai se solar home power systems, ma rural village power systems, uye photovoltaic power systems ane mabhatiri ekuchengetera. Masisitimu aya anogona kushanda ega uye anoshandiswa pazvinhu zvakawanda, sekupa simba ma contact signals, kudzivirira kubva kuma cathodes, uye kuvhenekera migwagwa nesimba rezuva.
2. Sarudzo yesimba riri pagrid inoshandura simba remagetsi rakananga rinogadzirwa nema solar panels kuita simba remagetsi rinochinjana rinoshanda ne grid yemagetsi yeguta. Izvi zvinoita kuti ribatanidzwe zvakananga ne grid yeruzhinji. Aya anogona kunzi "grid-connected" units, uye anogona kunge aine kana asina mabhatiri. Sisitimu yemagetsi yakabatana ne grid uye ine accumulators inogona kurongerwa zviri nyore kuti ibatanidzwe kana kubviswa kubva pa grid sezvinodiwa. Masisitimu e PV akabatana ne grid edzimba anowanzova nema accumulators. Masisitimu makuru, kune rumwe rutivi, anowanzova nema PV akabatana ne grid asina ma accumulator, ayo asingagone kurongwa uye asina simba rekuchengetedza. Zvivakwa zvikuru zvemagetsi zve photovoltaic zvakabatana ne grid yemagetsi yenyika zvinoshandiswa kugadzira simba rezuva rakabatana ne grid. Simba rinobva muzvivakwa izvi rinoenda zvakananga kudzimba nemabhizinesi kuburikidza ne grid. Kuisa mari murudzi urwu rwe power plant, kune rumwe rutivi, kunodhura zvakawanda, kunotora nguva yakareba kuvaka, kunotora nzvimbo yakawanda, uye hakuna kufambira mberi kukuru munguva pfupi yapfuura. Mazhinji maPV akabatana negrid iPV diki yakabatana negrid, sema solar panels akavakirwa muzvivakwa. Izvi zvinoda mari shoma kuti ivakwe, inogona kuitwa nekukurumidza, haisiye zvakawanda zvine chekuita nayo, uye ine rutsigiro rwakasimba rwezvematongerwo enyika.
Zvikamu zvehardware
Sisitimu yemagetsi ye photovoltaic inosanganisira solar array, bhatiri rekuchengetera, chinodzora kuchaja nekuburitsa magetsi, inverter, bhokisi rekugovera reAC, sisitimu yekudzora kutevedza magetsi yezuva, nezvimwe zvikamu zvakakosha.
Zvimwe zvishandiso zvinoshanda nenzira iyi:
Chishandiso chemagetsi ezuva
Chiedza, chakafanana neicho chinobva kuzuva kana kune mamwe manyuko echiedza, chinoita kuti sero ritore simba uye riite chaji isingawanzoitiki kumativi ese maviri. Zita reizvi i "photo-generated voltage." Vanhu vazhinji vanodana izvi kuti photoelectric effect. Kuti chiedza chive magetsi, simba remagetsi rinofanira kunge riripo pakati pemagumo maviri e solar cell. Zita reizvi i solar effect. Zviri nyore kushandura simba kuita chimwe chinhu nerubatsiro rwe solar cells. Solar cells dzinoumbwa nemarudzi matatu akasiyana e silicon cells: amorphous silicon solar cells, poly-crystalline silicon solar cells, uye mono-crystalline silicon solar cells.
Bhatiri rinochengeta magetsi
Kana solar cell array yabatidzwa, utility model inogona kuchengetedza simba rayo uye kuitumira kumutoro chero nguva yezuva. Kuti solar cells dzigadzire simba, dzinofanira kunge dzakachipa, dzinogara kwenguva yakareba, dzinotora mvura yakawanda zvakanaka, dzinochaja nekukurumidza, uye dzisingade kugadziriswa zvakanyanya kana kusada kugadziriswa. Dzinofanirawo kukwanisa kushanda munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzekupisa.
Kudzora kwekuchaja nekuburitsa
Pasina rubatsiro kubva kwamuri, chishandiso ichi chinogona kudzivirira mabhatiri kuti asachaje kana kuburitsa chaji nekukurumidza. Kuti bhatiri rinobuda kangani uye zvakadzama sei ndizvo zvinosarudza kuti richagara kwenguva yakareba sei. Ndosaka zvichikosha kuva nemonitor yekuchaja uye yekuburitsa chaji inogona kudzivirira bhatiri kuti risave nesimba rakawandisa kana diki.
AC inopesana neDC, uye jenareta inoshandura DC kuita AC
Chimwe chinhu chinoshandura magetsi akananga kuita magetsi achinjana. Mutoro wacho iAC, asi masero ezuva nemabhatiri iDC, saka panofanira kuva nekuchinjana. Zvichienderana nemashandiro azvinoita, inverter inogona kukamurwa kuita mapoka maviri: inverter yezuva inoshanda yoga uye imwe yakabatana negrid yemagetsi. Kana ukashandisa masero ezuva chete kugadzira magetsi, unogona kupa simba kune rimwe dhigidhi uchishandisa jenareta yakazvimirira. Transformer yezuva yakabatana negrid yemagetsi ndiyo inoita kuti solar power system ishande negrid. MaInverter anouya mumhando mbiri dzakasiyana: sine wave inverters nema square wave inverters. Zviri nyore uye zvakachipa kugadzira square-wave converter circuit, asi ine harmonic component yakakura. Harmonic inoda mazana mashoma emawatts kana pasi ndizvo zvainowanzo shandiswa. Sine wave inverters inodhura, asi inogona kupa simba kune mabasa akasiyana-siyana.
Chishandiso chinodzora kuteverwa kwezuva
Kona yechiedza cheZuva inochinja gore rose sezvo zuva richibuda uye richinyura muchirimo, muzhizha, mumatsutso, nemuchando. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti masisitimu acho ari panzvimbo yakatarwa. Kuti ashande zvakanaka, maseru ezuva anofanira kugara akatarisana nezuva. Parizvino, mudziyo wekutevera Zuva unofanirwa kushandisa longitude ne latitude yawo kuti uone kuti Zuva riri pakona ipi panguva dzakasiyana dzegore. nezvimwewo, PLC, microcontroller, kana software yekombuta ichachengetedza nzvimbo yeZuva panguva dzese dzegore. Izvi zvinoitwa nekuverenga nzvimbo yeZuva kuti uwane kutevedza. Dzidziso yedata rekombuta inoshandiswa, uye inoda longitude ne latitude zvepasi uye marongero. Kana zvangoiswa, hazvisi nyore kufambisa kana kubvisa; data nema parameter zvinofanirwa kudzoserwa patsva nguva dzese. Nheyo, circuitry, tekinoroji, uye michina zvakaoma, uye vanhu vasiri nyanzvi havagone kuzvichinja zviri nyore. Ma tracker ezuva akangwara anogona kuiswa pamotokari dzinomhanya nezvitima, pamwe nengarava, ngarava dzehondo, mota dzekutaurirana dze emergency, uye mota dzehondo dzakakosha. Chishandiso chezuva chakangwara chinogona kuve nechokwadi chekuti sisitimu yacho inoramba iri munzira yayo neZuva zvisinei nekuti rinoenda kupi kana kuti rinotenderera sei.
Zvaunogona kuita nemagetsi ezuva
Mhedzisiro ye photovoltaic yekudyidzana kwe semiconductor ndiyo inosanganisirwa nekugadzirwa kwemagetsi e photovoltaic (PV). Inoshandura chiedza kuita magetsi. Sero rezuva ndiro chinhu chakakosha. Ma solar modules enzvimbo hombe anogona kugadzirwa nekuisa masolar cells mumutsara uye kuadzivirira. Ma modules aya anogona kuiswa pamwe chete ne power controllers nezvimwe zvikamu kugadzira mudziyo wekugadzira magetsi e photovoltaic. PV iri nani nekuti inogona kushandiswa munzvimbo dzakawanda sezvo zuva richipenya kwese kwese. Mamwe mabhenefiti e PV system ndeyekuti yakachengeteka uye yakavimbika, haiiti ruzha kana kusvibisa, haishandisi mafuta, uye tambo dzetambo dzinogona kuiswa panzvimbo, izvo zvinokurumidzisa maitiro ekuvaka. Simba re photovoltaic rinoshandisa solar cells kushandura zvakananga chiedza chezuva kuita magetsi, zvichibva pane pfungwa ye photovoltaic effect. Sisitimu yemagetsi e photovoltaic inonyanya kugadzirwa nema solar panels (anonziwo ma modules), controllers, uye inverters. Inogona kushandiswa yoga kana kubatanidzwa ne power grid. Nekuti zvizhinji zvezvikamu izvi ndezvemagetsi kwete zvemakanika, michina yePV yakagadzirwa zvakanaka, yakavimbika, inogara kwenguva refu, uye iri nyore kuisa uye kuchengetedza. Tekinoroji yephotovoltaic inogona kushandiswa chero chinhu, kubva pakupa simba mundege kusvika kudzimba, kubva kumitambo kusvika kumafekitori emagetsi ane megawatt, nezvimwewo.
Masero ezuva, anouya ari muwafers se mono-crystalline silicon, poly-crystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, uye thin film cells, ndiwo mativi akakosha e solar photovoltaic. Parizvino, mabhatiri e single crystal ne poly-crystal ndiwo mabhatiri anonyanya kufarirwa e amorphous systems diki uye computer backup power.
