Musika wePV muJapan: Uri Kukura Pakati Pematambudziko
Japan yanga ichisangana nekukura kukuru mukuvandudzwa kwesimba rezuva, nemapurojekiti anopfuura 6.7 GW emagetsi ezuva (PV) akatenderwa pakati paChikunguru 2022 naNdira 2023, sekureva kweBazi rezvehupfumi, zvekutengeserana neindasitiri (METI). Mapurojekiti anopfuura 47 muzana aya anodarika 1 megawatt (MW), zvichipa zita rekuti "Mega Solar." Sezvo Japan ichifambira mberi nekuisa magetsi aya makuru ezuva, mibvunzo inomuka pamusoro pekuti inogona kukwira here kuti ive musika wePV wechipiri pakukura pasi rose. Pasinei netariro, matambudziko akati wandei achiripo, kunyanya nezve kugona kwegrid uye kugadzikana.
Matambudziko eGrid uye Kusiyana kweDunhu
Sezvo Japan ichiunza mamwe mapurojekiti eMega Solar online, kugona kwegrid kwave kunetseka kukuru. Hokkaido Power Electric Company, imwe yemakambani eJapan anoisa mari, yakashuma kuti kugona kwayo kutumira magetsi akawanda ePV systems anopfuura 2 MW parizvino kwakavharwa pa400 MW. Pakazosvika Kurume 31, kambani iyi yakanga yagamuchira maapplication akapetwa kana kupfuura aya. Nekuda kweizvozvo, zvikamu zvitatu muzvina zvemapurojekiti anoshandiswa hazvigone kusvika pagrid kana kuti zvinofanirwa kuderedza chiyero chawo. Hokkaido yakazivisa vanonyorera mapurojekiti makuru nezvekushomeka kwesimba regrid uku. METI yakakurudzira vanogadzira mapurojekiti kuti vafunge nezvenzvimbo dzisina vanhu vakawanda kuti vawane mabasa matsva ezuva.
Dunhu reHokkaido, rine ivhu riripo uye risingadhuri zvakanyanya, rinoita 25 muzana yemapurojekiti makuru ePV akatenderwa pasi pechirongwa chenyika cheFeed-in Tariff (FIT), kunyangwe hazvo kambani iyi ichipa magetsi ari pasi pe3 muzana emagetsi anodiwa nenyika. Kusarongeka uku kwenzvimbo kunoratidza kudiwa kwekugoverwa kwemapurojekiti ezuva nenzira yakarongeka kuti pave nekugona kushandisa magetsi zvakanaka uye kuchengetedza kugadzikana.
Kugadziriswa kweFIT uye Kuchinja Kwemitemo
FIT yenyika inorayira makambani emagetsi kuti ape mukana wekushandisa grid uye kutenga magetsi ese anogadzirwa kubva kumasystem anogona kushandiswazve, kunze kwezvimwe zvinhu. Zvisinei, kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti grid yakagadzikana, METI yakazivisa zvirongwa zvekukurumidzira musi wa17 Kubvumbi, zvichibvumira makambani emagetsi rusununguko rwakawanda rwekurambidza kana kurambidza grid kupinda. Mitemo yekutanga yeFIT yaisanganisira mutemo wekubhadhara kwemazuva makumi matatu, apo makambani emagetsi aifanira kubhadhara vagadziri vemagetsi anogona kushandiswazve kana vakakumbirwa kuti vaganhurire kugadzirwa kwemagetsi kwemazuva anopfuura makumi matatu pagore. METI ikozvino iri kufunga nezvekubvisa chinodiwa ichi chekubhadhara, uye sarudzo yekupedzisira inotarisirwa pakati paChivabvu.
Mapurojekiti Makuru Netariro Yeramangwana
Imwe yemapurojekiti makuru ePV muJapan ipurojekiti ye400-MW (AC) pachitsuwa cheUkujima muNagasaki Prefecture, yakagadzirwa nekambani yeGerman Photovolt Development Partners GmbH. Yakatenderwa neMETI munaKurume mwero weFIT usati waderedzwa kubva pa¥40/kWh kusvika pa¥36/kWh, chirongwa ichi chichaitwa muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana. Magetsi anowanikwa achaendeswa kuKyushu mainland kuburikidza netambo yemagetsi yakananga pasi pegungwa ine simba guru, zvichigadzirisa kusawirirana kwezvinodiwa munharaunda. Kyushu Electric Power Company, iyo yakabvumidza mapurojekiti eMega Solar anopfuura 800 MW, inomiririra 25 muzana yenyika yese. Pasinei nezvinetso zvemagetsi egrid, kambani haisati yazivisa chero miganho yekusvika.
Kuchinja Kwesimba Mushure meFukushima
Mushure meKurume 2011 Fukushima Tsunami-Nuclear Disaster, Japan yanga ichiedza kutsiva simba renyukireya negasi rechisikigo nezvimwe zvinhu zvesimba. FIT ndiyo yakakosha pakusiyanisa simba reJapan. Zvisinei, kuita izvi hakudi chete kugona kwakakwana kwegrid asiwo kubvisa mitemo yekusvika kune majenareta matsva emagetsi. Mumwe mugadziri wemuno akati, "Kutanga kuuya, kutanga kushumira. Kana ukaita nekukurumidza, unogona kukunda," zvichiratidza kukwikwidzana kuripo pamusika. Mumwe akaenzanisa mamiriro acho ezvinhu nematambudziko eSpain esimba rinogona kushandiswazve, achiratidza njodzi dzinogona kuitika mumaitiro eJapan.
Chirongwa cheFIT cheJapan, chakatevedzera cheGermany, chine chinangwa chekugadzira musika wePV unoenderera mberi. Sezvo hurumende iri kuramba ichipindura uye ichigadzira mitemo mitsva mukupindura matambudziko ari kubuda, pane njodzi yekutevedzera kutenderera kwekukura nekusimba kwakaonekwa muSpain, uko kukura kunoenderera mberi kusina kuwanikwa. Kugadziriswa kuri kuenderera mberi uye matanho ekukurumidza kuchave kwakakosha mukuona kubudirira kwenguva refu uye kugadzikana kwemusika wePV weJapan.
Mamiriro Ezvinhu Aripo Iye Zvino uye Maonero Azvo
Kubva muna 2024, Japan iri kuramba ichitungamira mukuvandudza simba rezuva, asi kubatanidzwa kwegrid uye kugadzikana kwemitemo kuchiri nyaya huru. Hurumende iri kuisa mari muhunyanzvi hwepamusoro hwegrid uye kutsvaga mhinduro dzekuchengetedza simba kuti iwedzere kusimba kwegrid. Kuzvipira kune simba rinogona kuvandudzwa kuri pachena, asi kuronga nekungwarira uye kuona zviri mberi kwemitemo kwakakosha kudzivirira njodzi dzekuwedzera nekukurumidza, kusingadzoreki. Ruzivo rweJapan runoshanda sechidzidzo chakakosha kune dzimwe nyika dziri kutsvaga kuyera kukura kwesimba rinogona kuvandudzwa nekugadzikana kwegrid uye kugara zvakanaka kwehupfumi.
