Masisitimu ekuchengetera simba remagetsi ezuva epamba akangwara awanda mumakore mashoma apfuura. Simba remagetsi rinogona kupihwa mhuri masikati kana husiku, uye nesimba rezuva, haufanirwe kunetseka nezvemitengo yemagetsi yakakwira. Izvi zvinokuchengetedza mari pabhiri rako remagetsi uye zvinoita kuti munhu wese ave nehupenyu hwakanaka.
Masikati, sisitimu yekuchengetera simba remagetsi ezuva yepamba inounganidza simba rezuva yorichengeta otomatiki kuitira kuti rigone kushandiswa nemagetsi husiku. Kana simba rikadzima kamwe kamwe, sisitimu inogona kukurumidza kuchinja kune imwe sosi yemagetsi yekuchengetedza kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti mwenje yese, midziyo, nezvimwe zvishandiso zvinogara zvichishanda sezvazvinofanira. Bhatiri riri musisitimu yekuchengetera simba repamba rinogona kuchajwa roga kana simba risiri kushandiswa. Nenzira iyi, rinogona kushandiswa kana simba radzima kana kana simba richinyanya kudiwa. Mudziyo wekuchengetera simba repamba unogona kushandiswa sesimba remagetsi rekuchengetedza kana pakaitika njodzi. Inogona zvakare kuyera mutoro wekushandiswa kwesimba, izvo zvinochengetedza mari yemhuri pamabhiri emagetsi avo. Sisitimu yekuchengetera simba remagetsi yepamba inoshanda senzvimbo diki yekuchengetera simba uye haikanganisirwi nekumanikidzwa kwegrid yemagetsi mumaguta.
Mubvunzo wenyanzvi?
Ndezvipi zvikamu zvine sisitimu yekuchengetera simba rePV yepamba ine simba rakadaro, uye zvinoenderana nei kuti ishande? Ndeapi marudzi emhinduro dzekuchengetera simba rePV yepamba aripo? Sei zvichikosha kusarudza sisitimu yekuchengetera simba rePV yepamba yakakodzera?
"Masekonzi" eCEM
Chii chinonzi system yekuchengetera simba rePV mumba?
Sisitimu yekuchengetedza simba remagetsi inogadzirwa nemagetsi ezuva inochinja simba remagetsi uye sisitimu yekuchengetedza simba. Inogona kuchengetedza magetsi anogadzirwa nezuva. Nemhando iyi yekugadzirisa, vanhu vanogona kugadzira magetsi masikati vochengeta mamwe magetsi kuti vashandise husiku kana pasina chiedza chakawanda.
Kuronga masisitimu ekuchengetera simba rePV kumba mumapoka
Parizvino, kune mhando mbiri dzemasisitimu ekuchengetedza simba remumba: ayo akabatana negrid uye ayo asina.
Mhinduro yekuchengetedza simba remba yakabatana negrid
Mapaneru ezuva, ma inverter akabatana negrid, sisitimu yekutarisira bhatiri (BMS), uye AC loads zvinoumba zvikamu zvishanu zvikuru. Mapaneru ePV nesisitimu yekuchengetera simba zvinoshanda pamwe chete kuti zvipe simba mudziyo. Kana simba remagetsi rabatidzwa, sisitimu yePV grid nesisitimu yekuchengetera simba zvinopa simba mutoro. Kana simba remagetsi radzima, sisitimu yePV grid nesisitimu yekuchengetera simba zvinopa simba mutoro pamwe chete. Pane nzira nhatu idzo sisitimu yekuchengetera simba repamba yakabatana negrid inogona kushanda nadzo: Mode 1: PV inochengetedza simba uye inotumira simba rekuwedzera kuInternet; Mode 2: PV inochengetedza simba uye inobatsira mushandisi nezvimwe zvezvinodiwa nemagetsi; uye Mode 3: PV inongochengeta rimwe simba chete.
Nzira yekuchengetedza simba kumba isina grid
Iyo PV inverter inogona kushanda nekuti yakasiyana negrid uye haidi kubatanidzwa nayo. Izvi zvinoreva kuti sisitimu yese haidi converter yakabatana negrid. Sisitimu yekuchengetera simba repamba iri kunze kwegrid ine nzira nhatu dzakasiyana dzekushanda. Mu mode 1, PV inopa kuchengetedza simba uye magetsi emushandisi pamazuva ane zuva. Mu mode 2, PV nebhatiri rekuchengetera zvinopa magetsi emushandisi pamazuva ane makore. Uye mu mode 3, bhatiri rekuchengetera rinopa magetsi emushandisi pamazuva ane rima uye emvura.
Inverter yakafanana nepfungwa nemoyo wesystem yekuchengetera simba mumba. Haigone kuparadzaniswa nesystem, zvisinei nekuti yakabatana negrid here kana kuti kwete.
Pane shoko here pane izvi?
Inverter chikamu chinowanzo shandiswa mumasisitimu emagetsi. Inogona kushandura simba reDC (kubva kumabhatiri kana mabhatiri akachengetwa) kuita simba reAC (220v50HZ sine kana square wave). Kuti zvive nyore, inverter muchina unoshandura direct current (DC) kuita alternating current (AC). Pane converter bridge, control logic, uye filter circuit mairi. Rectifier diodes ne thyristors zvikamu zviviri zvakajairika. Makomputa mazhinji nemagadget epamba ane rectifiers (DC kuenda kuAC) dzakavakirwa mumagetsi avo. Izvi zvinonzi inverters.
Chii chinoita kuti matransformer ave chikamu chakakosha chehurongwa?
Kutapurirana kweAC kunoshanda zvirinani pane kutapurirana kweDC uye kunoshandiswa kutumira simba kunzvimbo dzakawanda. Unogona kuwana kuti simba rakawanda sei rinorasika nemagetsi ewaya uchishandisa equation P=I2R, iyo inomiririra "simba = sikweya yesimba remagetsi." Kuti uderedze kurasikirwa nesimba, unofanirwa kuderedza simba remagetsi rewaya kana kuti simba rayo. Zvakaoma kuderedza simba remagetsi emagetsi (senge waya dzemhangura) nekuti zvinodhura mari yakawanda uye zvinoda ruzivo rwakawanda rwesainzi. Izvi zvinoreva kuti nzira chete inoshanda ndeyekudzikisa simba remagetsi. Simba = Current x Voltage, kana kuti, simba rinoshanda = IUcosφ. Kuti uchengetedze simba, simba remagetsi riri mumagetsi rinogona kudzikiswa nekushandura simba remagetsi zvakananga kuita simba remagetsi rinochinjana uye kukwidza simba remagetsi egrid.
Saizvozvowo, kugadzirwa kwesimba remagetsi ezuva kunoshandisa mapaneru emagetsi ezuva kugadzira simba reDC. Zvisinei, mitoro yakawanda inoda simba reAC. Pane mamwe matambudziko nemasisitimu emagetsi eDC. Hazvisi nyore kushandura voltage, uye mitoro inogona kushandiswa yakaganhurirwa. Mitoro yese, kunze kwemitoro yemagetsi yakati wandei, inoda kushandisa ma inverters kushandura simba reDC kuita simba reAC. Iyo photovoltaic converter ndiyo inonyanya kukosha ye solar photovoltaic power system. Inoshandura simba reDC kubva ku photovoltaic module kuita simba reAC, iro rinozotumirwa kune mutoro kana sosi yemagetsi uye rinodzivirira magetsi emagetsi. Ma module emagetsi, mabhodhi ekutonga macircuit, ma circuit breakers, ma filters, ma reactors, ma transformers, ma contactors, makabati, nezvimwe zvikamu zvinoumba PV inverter. Kugadziriswa kwezvikamu zvemagetsi zvisati zvaitika, kuungana kwemuchina, kuyedza, kurongedza muchina, nezvimwe zvinoumba maitiro ekugadzira. Kukura kwematanho aya kunoenderana nekufambira mberi kwakaitwa mu tekinoroji yemagetsi emagetsi, tekinoroji yemidziyo ye semiconductor, uye tekinoroji yemazuva ano yekudzora.
Mhando dzakasiyana dzeInverters
Inverter inogona kupatsanurwa kuita mapoka matatu aya:
1. Inverter yakabatana negrid
Pamusoro pekushandura DC kuita AC, inverter ine grid-connected inogona kuwiriranisa output AC yayo nefrequency uye phase yesimba re utility. Izvi zvinoreva kuti output AC inogona kudzoserwa mu utility power. Nemamwe mashoko, inverter ine grid-connected inogona kubatanidza kune utility line nenzira inoenderana. Inverter iyi inogona kutumira simba risiri kushandiswa kugrid pasina mabhatiri, uye input circuit yayo inogona kuitwa kuti ishande neMTTP technology.
2. MaInverter asingade kubatanidzwa negrid
Ma-inverter asingashandise magetsi, anowanzo batanidzwa ne solar panels, ma wind turbines madiki, kana mamwe magetsi eDC, anoshandura magetsi eDC kuita magetsi eAC anogona kushandiswa nemba. Anogonawo kupa simba kubva ku grid nemabhatiri. Anonzi "off-grid" nekuti haabatanidzwe ku grid yemagetsi uye haadi simba rekunze.
Ma-inverter asina grid ndiwo masisitimu ekutanga anoshandisa mabhatiri anoita kuti ma microgrid ashande munzvimbo dzakatarwa. Inverter isina grid inogona kuchengetedza simba uye kurishandura kuita mamwe marudzi. Ine ma inputs aripo, ma DC inputs, ma fast charge inputs, ma DC outputs ane simba rakawanda, uye ma AC outputs anokurumidza. Inoshandisa software yekudzora kuti ichinje ma inputs uye ma outputs kuitira kuti masosi akadai se solar panels kana ma wind mills madiki ashande zvakanaka sezvinobvira. Inoshandisawo pure sine wave output kuti ivandudze kunaka kwesimba.
Mabhatiri emagetsi asingashandise magetsi. Mabhatiri anodiwa kune masolar systems asingashandise magetsi nekuti anochengetedza simba rinogona kushandiswa kana magetsi adzima kana pasina magetsi. Ma "off-grid inverters" anokubatsirawo kuti usanyanya kuvimba ne "main grid", izvo zvinogona kukonzera kudzimwa kwemagetsi, kudzimwa kwemagetsi, nezvimwe zvinetso zvisingagone kugadziriswa nemakambani.
Inverter isina grid ine solar charge controller inewo internal PWM kana MPPT solar controller inobvumira mushandisi kubatanidza maPV inputs kune solar inverter uye kuona mamiriro ePV pachiratidziro chesolar inverter. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kuisa nekutarisa system. MaOff-grid inverters ari muma backup engine nemabhatiri ari kuzviedza ega kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti simba rayo rakagadzikana uye rakazara. Nepo ane simba shoma achishandiswa kupa magetsi kumidziyo yemumba, ane simba rakawanda anonyanya kushandiswa kupa magetsi kumabhizinesi nemapurojekiti ega.
3. Hybrid Inverter
Kune mhando mbiri huru dzema inverters ehybrid: imwe inverter iri kunze kwegrid ine solar charge controller yakavakirwa mukati, uye imwe inverter iri pamusoro pegrid nekunze kwegrid inogona kushandiswa kune ese ari maviri ma photovoltaic systems akabatana negrid nekunze kwegrid uye ayo mabhatiri anogona kuiswa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana.
Zvinoitwa netransformer kazhinji
1. Mabasa ekushanda nekudzima otomatiki
Sezvo zuva richienderera mberi uye kona yezuva ichikwira zvishoma nezvishoma, simba remwaranzi yezuva rinokwirawo. Sisitimu yePV inogona kutora simba rezuva rakawanda, uye kana yasvika padanho resimba rinobuda rinodiwa kuti inverter ishande, inogona kutanga kushanda yoga. Inomira kushanda yopinda mu sleep mode kana output ye grid-connected/storage inverter iri 0 kana kuti pedyo ne 0. Izvi zvinoitika kana output power ye PV system yadzikira.
2. Basa rekudzivirira zvitsuwa
Maitiro ekugadzira magetsi e photovoltaic akabatana negrid, system yekugadzira magetsi e photovoltaic, uye mashandiro e grid system yemagetsi. Kana grid yemagetsi yeruzhinji ikadonha kana kuita zvisinganzwisisike, mhedzisiro yekukwira kwenzvimbo inoitika kana system yekugadzira magetsi e photovoltaic ikasagona kumira kushanda nenguva kana kukanganisika kubva kusystem yemagetsi asi ichiri nesimba. Hazvina kunaka kune ese PV system uye kune simba kana paine zvitsuwa zvemagetsi.
Inverter ine grid/energy storage ine internal anti-island protection circuit iyo inogona kuona grid nekuchenjera panguva chaiyo uye inosanganisira voltage, frequency, uye rumwe ruzivo. Kana zvikasashanda zvakanaka mu public grid, inverter inogona kushandisa zviyero zvakasiyana zvakayerwa panguva yakakodzera kudimbura magetsi, kumisa kubuda, uye kushuma zvikanganiso.
3. Chinhu chekudzora chekutevera nzvimbo dzemagetsi zvakanyanya
Tekinoroji inonyanya kukosha ye inverter yakabatana negrid kana yekuchengetera ibasa rayo guru rekutonga power point tracking (MPPT function). Basa iri rinoita kuti inverter iwane uye ione simba repamusoro rezvikamu zvayo panguva chaiyo.
Pane zvinhu zvakawanda zvinogona kushandura simba rekuburitsa rePV system, uye hazvigoneke nguva dzose kuti rirambe riri pasimba rayo rekubudisa rakanakisisa.
Basa reMPPT remuchina wemagetsi wekubatanidza magetsi nekuchengetedza magetsi (grid-connected/storage inverter) rinogona kutevedzera simba rinobuda zvakanyanya pane chimwe nechimwe chinhu panguva chaiyo. Rinogona kugadzirisa nekuchenjera voltage yepoindi yekushanda (kana current) yesystem kuti riswedere pedyo nepoindi yesimba repamusoro, izvo zvichawedzera simba rinogadzirwa nePV system uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti rinogona kushanda nguva dzose uye nemazvo.
4. Hunhu hwakangwara hwekutarisa tambo
Zvichibva paMPPT tracking yekutanga, inverter inobatidzwa negrid/energy storage yakatopedza basa rekuona tambo dzakangwara. Kuona tambo kunoongorora voltage nemazvo magetsi nemagetsi kune tambo yega yega, kusiyana neMPPT tracking. Izvi zvinoita kuti mushandisi aone data rekushanda kwetambo yega yega panguva chaiyo.
Masisitimu ekuchengetera simba anodiwa nevanhu pari zvino iBMS battery management system, PV grid-connected inverter, uye energy storage inverter. Kuti zvizadzise zvinodiwa zvemidziyo yekuchengetera simba kumba uye kubatanidza maficha ekuchengetera ega ega ePV system unit circuit, Huashengchang yakaburitsa seti yakazara yemasystem ekuchengetera simba ePV kumba. Masisitimu aya anowanzo kuve nema inverters akabatana negrid uye ma hybrid inverters.
