Uhlelo lwe-PV luhlukaniswe ngezindlela ezinhlanu:
1. Amandla okuzisebenzisa, asele kugridi
2. Ukuzisebenzisa, ugesi osele ophuma kugridi
3. Igridi egcwele
4. Igridi engekho kugridi kanye negridi evuliwe/evaliwe
5. Ukuzisebenzisa, amandla amaningi ebhandeni
Ukuzisebenzisa, amandla asele kugridi
Le modeli yesistimu ye-photovoltaic iyona evame kakhulu, uhlelo lwamandla lwe-photovoltaic olujwayelekile olusetshenziswa kakhulu kule modeli.
Ugesi okhiqizwa uhlelo lwe-photovoltaic ungasetshenziswa kuqala ukuhlangabezana nomthwalo wawo, kanti owengeziwe ungathengiswa enkampanini yegridi ukuze kugwenywe ukuwuchitha; uma amandla e-photovoltaic akhiqizwayo enganele, igridi izowuhlinzeka. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela yokufinyelela idinga ukuxoxisana nenkampani yegridi ngezivumelwano zokuthengisa ugesi ezifanele, kucatshangelwa izintshisekelo zezinhlangothi zombili. Amamitha ahlakaniphile anezindlela ezimbili abekwa yizinkampani zegridi ukuze kulinganiswe umthamo wokukhiqiza wezitshalo ze-photovoltaic kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla kwabathengi, kanye nokukhokha noma ukuqoqa izindleko zikagesi ngokwezinqubomgomo kanye nentela exoxiswane ngayo.
Inkinga enkulu yalolu hlobo ukuthi imodeli yalo yemali engenayo ayinakulungiswa, isilinganiso samandla okusebenzisa kanye namandla asele kugridi sihlala sishintsha, futhi inani elilinganisiwe lesitshalo uma lixhaswa futhi lithengiswa lingase libe ngaphansi kancane kunomkhiqizo wangempela, ngisho nabaphathi abakwazi ukuthola inani lempahla elifanele ngoba bakhathazekile ngokusebenza kwesikhathi esizayo kwabasebenzisi.
Ukuzisebenzisa, amandla asele aphuma kugridi
Isici esiphawulekayo sendlela yokuxhuma igridi ozisebenzisayo "ixhunywe ngegridi ngaphandle kwe-inthanethi". Indawo yokufinyelela yalolu hlobo isemaphethelweni aphansi emitha yenkampani yegridi futhi iwuhlangothi oluyimfihlo lwendawo yokuhlukaniswa kwempahla egcwele. Ngokombono, inkampani yegridi ngeke iphazamise ukufinyelela kwesistimu, kodwa lo modeli udinga ukuthi amandla e-photovoltaic angathunyelwa kugridi, ngakho-ke kumele kube nedivayisi ephikisana nogesi. Lapho amandla akhiqizwa yisitshalo se-photovoltaic edlula umthwalo wawo, idivayisi yokuvikela ugesi ephikisana nogesi kumele ibuyisele isignali ku-inverter, okuzonciphisa umthamo ngokuya ngomthwalo, ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo somthwalo futhi kungadlulisi ugesi kugridi, ukuze kufezwe umsebenzi wesistimu ye-photovoltaic ukuvimbela ugesi ophikisana nogesi.
Le modeli yesistimu ye-photovoltaic ivame ukusetshenziswa uma kunomthwalo omkhulu wokusetshenziswa kwamandla ohlangothini lomsebenzisi, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuqhubekayo, ukuvala okuncane noma ukuvala okuncane phakathi nonyaka, noma ngisho nangesikhathi samaholide, umthwalo wokugcinwa kwamandla womsebenzisi nawo mkhulu ngokwanele ukumunca iningi likagesi elikhiqizwa uhlelo lwe-PV. Ngangokunokwenzeka, amandla akhiqizwa uhlelo lwe-PV azosetshenziswa ngaphandle kokubangela imfucuza.
Igridi egcwele
Kule modi exhunywe kugridi, ukuphuma kwe-AC kohlelo lwe-PV kuxhunywe ngqo ohlangothini olune-voltage ephansi noma ohlangothini olune-voltage ephezulu lwegridi, okungukuthi, uhlangothi lwegridi lomngcele wempahla. Ngale ndlela, ugesi okhiqizwa uhlelo uthengiswa ngqo enkampanini yegridi, futhi intengo yokuthengisa imvamisa iyintengo ejwayelekile yendawo yokufaka, kuyilapho intengo kagesi yomsebenzisi ihlala ingashintshi, lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi “Imigqa emibili yemali engenayo kanye nezindleko, ngayinye ibala i-akhawunti yayo”.
Ukuthengisa ngqo kusuka kugridi kuya kugridi nakho kuyisici esiyinhloko sezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-PV; abatshalizimali bayayithanda imodeli ngoba ilula futhi ithembekile.
Igridi engekho kugridi kanye negridi evuliwe/evaliwe
Le modeli engaphandle kwegridi, eyaziwa nangokuthi iziteshi zikagesi ze-photovoltaic (PV) ezimele, iyisistimu esebenza ngokuzimela kwegridi futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi ngoba ayinqunyelwe ngokwendawo, inqobo nje uma ilanga lingafakwa futhi lisetshenziswe, ifaneleka kakhulu ezindaweni ezikude ezingenagridi kagesi, iziqhingi ezihlukanisiwe, izikebhe zokudoba, izisekelo zokuzalela zangaphandle, njll. . Ingasetshenziswa futhi njengemishini yokuphehla ugesi ephuthumayo ezindaweni lapho ugesi uphela khona njalo.
Kodwa lolu hlobo lohlelo lokukhiqiza ugesi kumele lufakwe amabhethri, futhi lubambe izindleko eziphezulu zohlelo lokukhiqiza ugesi. Futhi impilo yebhethri, isidingo sokugcina ukushintshwa, kukhuphule izindleko zokusebenzisa. Ngakho-ke, kunzima ukusetshenziswa kabanzi, ngakho-ke ungancomi ukusetshenziswa kukagesi endaweni efanelekile.
Futhi iwusizo kakhulu emakhaya ezindaweni lapho kungekho khona igridi kagesi noma lapho kunqanyulwa khona ugesi njalo. Ikakhulukazi, isetshenziselwa ukuxazulula izinkinga zokukhanya kuphela ngesikhathi sokucima kukagesi. Ngakho-ke, izinhlelo zokuphehla ugesi ngaphandle kwegridi zenzelwe ngqo ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezingaphandle kwegridi noma ezindaweni lapho ugesi unqamuka khona njalo.
Izibani zasemgwaqweni ze-photovoltaic, izibani zotshani kanye neminye imikhiqizo ye-photovoltaic, nazo ziyisistimu ye-photovoltaic engekho kugridi.
Ukuzisebenzisa, amandla amaningi ebhandeni
Izimo zokusetshenziswa kwale modi ehlanganisiwe/engekho kugridi ziyizikhathi zokucima kukagesi njalo, noma intengo yokuzisebenzisa ibiza kakhulu kunentengo ekugridi, kanti intengo ephezulu ibiza kakhulu kunentengo yokudonsa.
Lokhu ukusetshenziswa kwamandla e-photovoltaic ukulayisha, kungabekwa ekukhishweni kwentengo ephezulu, kuncishiswe izindleko zikagesi; okwesibili, kungashajwa esigodini, kukhishwe amandla aphezulu, kusetshenziswe umehluko wentengo phakathi kwe-peak ne-valley ukwenza imali; okwesithathu, lapho igridi ingumthombo wamandla ojwayelekile, uhlelo lusebenza njengohlelo olujwayelekile oluxhunywe kugridi, lapho amandla e-photovoltaic efakwa khona emthwalweni kuqala, bese amandla angaphezulu egcinwa kumabhethri noma athengiswe kugridi, i-inverter ingashintshwa ibe yimodi ye-off-grid, uhlelo luyaqhubeka nokusebenza njengomthombo wamandla wesipele, i-photovoltaic kanye namandla ebhethri emthwalweni obalulekile nge-inverter, akukho mfucuza.
Imodi ye-On/off-grid kanye nemodi ye-off-grid yizidingo ezifanayo zamabhethri, izindleko zokuqala zokutshalwa kwezimali zinkulu kakhulu.
Le ndlela yokufinyelela idinga ukuxoxisana nenkampani yegridi kagesi ngesivumelwano sokuthengisa ugesi esifanele, kucatshangelwa izintshisekelo zezinhlangothi zombili.
Ngokuvamile, iningi lizosebenzisa imodi exhunywe kugridi; ukuthi iyiphi ezokhethwa, ngokwezidingo ezithile zephrojekthi.
