Ukubuka konke kwemibono eyinhloko ngemuva kwemithombo yamandla e-photovoltaic
Ukuhlela okuhlelekile ngamaqembu
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezinhlelo ze-photovoltaic: lezo ezisebenza ngaphandle kokuxhunywa kugridi kanye nalezo ezisebenza ngaphandle kokuxhunywa kugridi.
1. Uhlelo oluzimele lwe-PV lwaziwa nangokuthi inketho engekho kugridi. Imojula yeseli yelanga, injini, kanye ne-accumulator zakha izingxenye eziyinhloko zesistimu. Udinga ukusetha i-AC converter ukuze unike amandla umthwalo osebenzisa amandla ashintshanayo (AC). Izitshalo ze-photovoltaic ezizimele zifaka uhla lwezinhlelo zamandla ezizimele, njengezinhlelo zamandla elanga ekhaya, izinhlelo zamandla zasemakhaya, kanye nezinhlelo zamandla ze-photovoltaic ezinamabhethri okugcina. Lezi zinhlelo zingasebenza zodwa futhi zisetshenziselwa izinto eziningi, njengokunika amandla izimpawu zokuthintana, ukuvikela kuma-cathode, nokukhanyisa imigwaqo ngamandla elanga.
2. Inketho yamandla asebenza kugridi ishintsha amandla kagesi aqondile enziwa ngamaphaneli elanga abe amandla kagesi ashintshanayo asebenza negridi yamandla yedolobha. Lokhu kuyenza ixhumeke ngqo kugridi yomphakathi. Lawa angabizwa ngokuthi amayunithi "axhunywe kugridi", futhi angaba namabhethri noma angabi nawo. Uhlelo lwamandla oluxhunywe kugridi futhi olunama-accumulator lungahlelwa kalula ukuthi luxhumeke noma lunqamule kugridi njengoba kudingeka. Izinhlelo ze-PV ezixhunywe kugridi zamakhaya zivame ukuba nama-accumulator. Izinhlelo ezinkulu, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zivame ukuba nezinhlelo ze-PV ezixhunywe kugridi ngaphandle kwama-accumulator, angenakuhlelwa futhi angenawo amandla okusekela. Izitshalo ezinkulu zamandla ze-photovoltaic ezixhunywe kugridi yamandla kazwelonke zisetshenziselwa ukudala amandla elanga axhunywe kugridi. Amandla avela kulezi zitshalo aya ngqo emakhaya nasemabhizinisini ngegridi. Ukufaka imali kulolu hlobo lwesitshalo samandla, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubiza kakhulu, kuthatha isikhathi eside ukwakhiwa, kuthatha isikhala esiningi, futhi akukaze kubonakale intuthuko enkulu muva nje. Iningi le-PV exhunywe kugridi yi-PV encane exhunywe kugridi ebanzi, njengamaphaneli elanga akhelwe ezakhiweni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kudinga imali encane ukwakha, kungenziwa ngokushesha, akushiyi mthelela omkhulu, futhi kunokusekelwa okuqinile kwezepolitiki.
Izingxenye zehadiwe
Uhlelo lwamandla e-photovoltaic luhlanganisa i-solar array, ibhethri lokugcina, isilawuli sokushaja nokukhipha ugesi, i-inverter, ibhokisi lokusabalalisa le-AC, uhlelo lokulawula ukulandelela ugesi welanga, nezinye izingxenye ezibalulekile.
Amathuluzi athile asebenza ngale ndlela:
Idivayisi yamandla elanga
Ukukhanya, njengalokho okuvela elangeni noma eminye imithombo yokukhanya, kwenza iseli lithathe amandla futhi lenze ukushaja okungajwayelekile kuzo zombili izinhlangothi. Igama lalokhu "i-voltage ekhiqizwe ngesithombe." Abantu abaningi babiza lo mphumela ngokuthi umphumela we-photoelectric. Ukuze ukukhanya kube ugesi, amandla e-electromotive kumele abe khona phakathi kwezinhlangothi ezimbili zeseli yelanga. Igama lalokhu umphumela welanga. Kulula ukushintsha amandla abe yinto ehlukile ngosizo lwamaseli elanga. Amaseli elanga akhiwe ngezinhlobo ezintathu ezahlukene zamaseli e-silicon: amaseli elanga e-silicon angenawo ukwakheka, amaseli elanga e-silicon e-poly-crystalline, namaseli elanga e-silicon e-mono-crystalline.
Ibhethri eligcina amandla
Uma i-solar cell array ivuliwe, imodeli yokusetshenziswa ingagcina amandla eyenzayo bese iwathumela emthwalweni nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sosuku. Ukuze ama-solar cell enze amandla, kudingeka abe ashibhile, ahlale isikhathi eside, akhiphe amanzi amaningi kahle, ashaje ngokushesha, futhi adinge ukulungiswa okuncane noma angadingi ukulungiswa. Kufanele futhi akwazi ukusebenza emazingeni okushisa ahlukahlukene.
Izilawuli zokushaja nokukhipha
Ngaphandle kosizo oluvela kuwe, leli thuluzi lingavimba amabhethri ukuthi angashaji noma angakhiphi ngokushesha okukhulu. Ukuthi ibhethri likhishwa kangaki nokuthi lijule kangakanani kunquma ukuthi lizohlala isikhathi esingakanani. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba nesikrini sokushaja nokukhipha esingavimba ibhethri ukuthi lingabi namandla amaningi noma amancane kakhulu.
I-AC iphambene ne-DC, futhi ijeneretha ishintsha i-DC ibe yi-AC
Into eguqula ugesi oqondile ube ugesi oshintshashintshayo. Umthwalo uyi-AC, kodwa amaseli elanga namabhethri ayi-DC, ngakho-ke kudingeka kube nokushintsha. Ngokusekelwe endleleni asebenza ngayo, i-inverter ingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili: i-inverter yelanga esebenza yodwa kanye nenye exhunywe kugridi yamandla. Uma usebenzisa amaseli elanga kuphela ukwenza ugesi, unganika amandla umthwalo ohlukile ngejeneretha ezimele yodwa. I-transformer yelanga exhunywe kugridi yamandla yiyo eyenza uhlelo lwamandla elanga lusebenze negridi. Ama-inverter eza ngezinhlobo ezimbili ezahlukene: ama-inverter e-sine wave kanye nama-inverter e-square wave. Kulula futhi kushibhile ukwenza isekethe yokuguqula amaza ayisikwele, kodwa inengxenye enkulu ye-harmonic. Izidingo ze-harmonic zama-watts angamakhulu ambalwa noma ngaphansi yilokho okuvame ukusetshenziselwa khona. Ama-inverter e-sine wave ayabiza, kodwa anganika amandla imisebenzi eminingi ehlukene.
Igajethi elawula ukulandelela kwelanga
I-engeli yokukhanya kweLanga iyashintsha unyaka wonke njengoba ilanga liphuma futhi lishona entwasahlobo, ehlobo, ekwindla, nasebusika. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinhlelo zisendaweni eqondile. Ukuze zisebenze kahle kakhulu, amaseli elanga kufanele ahlale ebhekene nelanga. Njengamanje, idivayisi yokulandelela iLanga kufanele isebenzise i-longitude yayo kanye ne-latitude ukuthola ukuthi iLanga liyi-engeli engakanani ngezikhathi ezahlukene zonyaka. njll., i-PLC, i-microcontroller, noma isofthiwe yekhompyutha izogcina indawo yeLanga ngazo zonke izikhathi zonyaka. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokubala indawo yeLanga ukuze kufezwe ukulandelela. Kusetshenziswa i-theory yedatha yekhompyutha, futhi idinga idatha ye-longitude kanye ne-latitude yomhlaba kanye nezilungiselelo. Uma isilungisiwe, akulula ukuyihambisa noma ukuyihlukanisa; idatha kanye nemingcele kufanele kusethwe kabusha njalo. Izimiso, izifunda, ubuchwepheshe, kanye nemishini kuyinkimbinkimbi, futhi abantu abangebona ochwepheshe abakwazi ukuzishintsha kalula. Ama-tracker elanga ahlakaniphile angafakwa ezimotweni ezisheshayo nasezitimeleni, kanye nemikhumbi, imikhumbi yempi, izimoto eziphuthumayo zokuxhumana, kanye nezimoto zempi ezikhethekile. I-smart sun tracker ingaqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo luhlala luhambisana neLanga kungakhathaliseki ukuthi liya kuphi noma ukuthi lijika kanjani.
Lokho ongakwenza ngamandla elanga
Umphumela we-photovoltaic wokuxhumana kwe-semiconductor yilokho okuphathelene nokukhiqizwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic (PV). Kuguqula ukukhanya kube ugesi. Iseli yelanga yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu. Amamojula elanga amakhulu angenziwa ngokubeka amaseli elanga emgqeni nokuwavikela. Lawa mamojula angahlanganiswa nezilawuli zamandla nezinye izingxenye ukwenza idivayisi yokukhiqizwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic. I-PV ingcono ngoba ingasetshenziswa ezindaweni eziningi njengoba ilanga likhanya yonke indawo. Ezinye izinzuzo zohlelo lwe-PV ukuthi luphephile futhi luthembekile, alwenzi umsindo noma lungcolise, alusebenzisi uphethiloli, futhi izintambo zekhebula zingafakwa endaweni, okusheshisa inqubo yokwakha. Amandla e-photovoltaic asebenzisa amaseli elanga ukuguqula ukukhanya kwelanga kube ugesi ngqo, ngokusekelwe emcabangweni womphumela we-photovoltaic. Uhlelo lwamandla e-photovoltaic ikakhulukazi lwakhiwe ngamaphaneli elanga (abizwa nangokuthi amamojula), izilawuli, kanye nama-inverter. Lungasetshenziswa lodwa noma luxhunywe kugridi yamandla. Ngenxa yokuthi iningi lalezi zingxenye zisebenza ngogesi hhayi ngemishini, imishini ye-PV yenziwe kahle kakhulu, ithembekile, ihlala isikhathi eside, futhi kulula ukuyisetha nokuyigcina isesimweni esihle. Ubuchwepheshe be-photovoltaic bungasetshenziswa kunoma yini, kusukela ekunikezeni amandla imikhumbi-mkhathi kuya emakhaya, kusukela emidlalweni kuya ezitshalweni zamandla ezikala ama-megawatt, nokuningi.
Amaseli elanga, afika ngama-wafers njenge-silicon e-mono-crystalline, i-silicon e-poly-crystalline, i-silicon e-amorphous, namaseli efilimu amancane, ayizingxenye eziyisisekelo ze-solar photovoltaic. Okwamanje, amabhethri e-single crystal kanye ne-poly-crystal yiwona amabhethri a-amorphous athandwa kakhulu ezinhlelweni ezincane kanye namandla okusekela ikhompyutha.
