Kwezinye izindawo, akusekho ndawo yokuthi izinhlelo ze-photovoltaic (PV) zixhunywe kugridi. Pho kungani sifake ezinye eziningi kangaka? Ingabe ngempela kunesidingo esikhulu kangaka?
Abantu bavame ukugxeka i-PV kanye namandla omoya ngokuthi “ugesi ongcolile,” otholakala uma ungadingeki futhi ongatholakali uma kudingeka, okubangela imiphumela ebalulekile kugridi. Imboni nayo inokuncintisana okukhulu. Ingabe kusafanele ukusebenza kulo mkhakha?
Kukhona ukungaqondani lapha. Ngokusho kweNgqungquthela Yokuhlaziya Ukuthuthukiswa Kwamandla Avuselelekayo ebibanjwe ngoFebhuwari, isilinganiso sokusetshenziswa kwamandla omoya singama-96.8%, kanti esamandla e-PV singama-98.3%. Lawa mazinga okusetshenziswa aphezulu kakhulu, okusho ukuthi cishe wonke ugesi okhiqizwayo uyasetshenziswa, futhi njengamanje, akukho nkinga yokunciphisa amandla omoya noma e-PV. Kwikota yokuqala ka-2024, amandla afakiwe amandla avuselelekayo adlule ama-kilowatts ayizigidi eziyi-1.585, kanti umoya ne-PV kubalelwa kuma-kilowatts ayizigidi eziyi-1.1, okwenza ama-52.9% wamandla afakiwe. Ngo-2060, amandla afakiwe omoya ne-PV kulindeleke ukuthi afinyelele kuma-kilowatts ayizigidi eziyi-6. Ukuze sihlangabezane nalokhu okuhlosiwe, sidinga ukwengeza ama-kilowatts ayizigidi eziyi-150 wamandla afakiwe minyaka yonke. Kodwa-ke, inkinga ebalulekile ukuthi izindawo ezinesidingo esikhulu sikagesi zivame ukungabi nendawo yokufaka, kanti izindawo ezinesikhala azinawo amandla okusebenzisa. Ngakho-ke, sidinga ukwakha imigqa emisha ye-voltage ephezulu kakhulu (UHV), amanethiwekhi okusabalalisa, kanye nezinhlelo zokugcina zezikhathi ezahlukene.
Ngo-2024, kulindeleke ukuthi utshalomali lomhlaba wonke emkhakheni wegridi yamandla lufinyelele cishe ku-$400 billion, kanti imali engaphezu kwezigidigidi ezingama-$50 itshalwe kubuchwepheshe bokugcina amabhethri, lapho u-80% wawo uzoqondiswa ezweni lethu. Lokhu kugqamisa umthelela obonakalayo wokuthuthukiswa kwamandla amasha ekukhuleni komnotho.
Ngokusho kombiko Wonyaka Wokutshalwa Kwezimali Kwamandla Emhlabeni Wonke we-International Energy Agency, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwamandla omhlaba wonke ngo-2024 kuzodlula amaRandi ayizigidigidi ezintathu okokuqala, kanti amaRandi ayizigidigidi ezimbili azongena embonini yamandla ahlanzekile, okuhlanganisa amandla avuselelekayo, izimoto zikagesi, amandla enuzi, kanye nendawo yokugcina izinto. IShayina yodwa kulindeleke ukuthi itshale amaRandi ayizigidigidi ezingama-675, okulingana nokutshalwa kwezimali okuhlangene kwe-US kanye ne-EU. IShayina, i-US, kanye ne-EU ndawonye kuzobala izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zokutshalwa kwezimali kwamandla ahlanzekile emhlabeni wonke ngo-2024.
Kusukela emibonweni yokuguqulwa kokuphepha kwamandla kanye nokukhula komnotho okuqhutshwa isu le-dual-carbon, ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla amasha ngokungangabazeki kubaluleke kakhulu. Yingakho izinhlelo zedolobha zokuhlola izinga le-carbon peak zigcizelela ukukhulisa ukufakwa kwe-PV nokuthi kungani sibona izinhlelo ezifana nephrojekthi ethi "Izifunda eziyi-100, Amadolobha ayi-1000, kanye namaVillages ayi-10,000", ehlanganisa izenzo ezifana ne-"Wind Action," "Sunshine Action," izimoto ezintsha zamandla eziya ezindaweni zasemakhaya, kanye nokumbozwa kweziteshi zokushaja edolobhaneni lonke.
