Imakethe ye-PV yaseJapan

Imakethe ye-PV yaseJapan: Ikhula Phakathi Kwezinselele
IJapan ibilokhu ibhekene nokuthuthuka okukhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwamandla elanga, njengoba amaphrojekthi e-photovoltaic (PV) angaphezu kuka-6.7 GW avunyiwe phakathi kukaJulayi 2022 noJanuwari 2023, ngokusho koMnyango Wezomnotho, Ezohwebo Nezimboni (METI). Amaphesenti angaphezu kuka-47 alawa maphrojekthi adlula i-1 megawatt (MW), okwenza igama lendawo libe "yiMega Solar." Njengoba iJapan iqhubeka nalokhu kufakwa kwamandla elanga okukhulu, kuphakama imibuzo mayelana nokuthi ingakhuphuka yini ibe yimakethe yesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni ye-PV. Naphezu kwethemba, kusenezinselele eziningana, ikakhulukazi mayelana nomthamo wegridi kanye nokuzinza.

Izinkinga zeGridi kanye nokungafani kwesifunda
Njengoba iJapan iletha amaphrojekthi e-Mega Solar amaningi ku-inthanethi, umthamo wegridi uye waba yinto ekhathazayo kakhulu. I-Hokkaido Power Electric Company, enye yezinkampani eziphethwe ngabatshalizimali baseJapan, ibike ukuthi umthamo wayo wokudlulisa amandla kagesi aphezulu kakhulu wezinhlelo ze-PV ezingaphezu kuka-2 MW okwamanje ulinganiselwe ku-400 MW. NgoMashi 31, inkampani yayisithole izicelo eziphindwe kane ngalo mthamo. Ngenxa yalokho, izingxenye ezintathu kwezine zamaphrojekthi asetshenzisiwe azikwazi ukufinyelela kugridi noma kumele zinciphise isikali sazo. I-Hokkaido yazise abafakizicelo bephrojekthi enkulu ngalokhu kushoda kwamandla egridi. I-METI inxuse abathuthukisi bephrojekthi ukuthi bacabangele izifunda ezinabantu abambalwa kakhulu ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla elanga amasha.

Isifunda saseHokkaido, esinomhlaba otholakalayo futhi ongabizi kakhulu, siqukethe cishe amaphesenti angama-25 amaphrojekthi amakhulu e-PV avunyiwe ngaphansi kohlelo lukazwelonke lwe-Feed-in Tariff (FIT), naphezu kokuthi umbuso ukhonza ngaphansi kwamaphesenti ama-3 esidingo sikagesi sikazwelonke. Lokhu kungalingani kwesifunda kugcizelela isidingo sokusatshalaliswa okunesu okukhulu kwamaphrojekthi elanga ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusetshenziswa kwegridi nokugcina ukuzinza.

Ukulungiswa kwe-FIT kanye nezinguquko zomthetho
I-FIT kazwelonke iyala izikhungo zikagesi ukuthi zinikeze ukufinyelela kwegridi futhi zithenge wonke amandla akhiqizwa ezinhlelweni ezivuselelekayo, ngaphandle kwezinye izinto. Kodwa-ke, ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwegridi, i-METI yamemezela izinhlelo eziphuthumayo ngo-Ephreli 17, ivumela izikhungo zikagesi ukuthi zibe nethuba elikhudlwana lokunciphisa noma ukwenqabela ukufinyelela kwegridi. Imithetho yokuqala ye-FIT yayihlanganisa nomthetho wesinxephezelo sezinsuku ezingu-30, lapho izikhungo zikagesi kwakudingeka zinxephezele abathuthukisi abavuselelekayo uma becelwa ukuthi banciphise ukukhiqizwa kukagesi izinsuku ezingaphezu kuka-30 ngonyaka. I-METI manje icabanga ukususa lesi sidingo sesinxephezelo, kanti isinqumo sokugcina kulindeleke maphakathi noMeyi.

Amaphrojekthi Amakhulu Namathemba Esikhathi Esizayo
Enye yamaphrojekthi amakhulu kakhulu e-PV eJapan iphrojekthi engu-400-MW (AC) esiqhingini sase-Ukujima eNagasaki Prefecture, eyathuthukiswa yinkampani yaseJalimane i-Photovolt Development Partners GmbH. Yavunywa yi-METI ngoMashi ngaphambi kokuba izinga le-FIT lehliswe kusuka ku-¥40/kWh kuya ku-¥36/kWh, iphrojekthi izokwenziwa ngezigaba eziningana. Ugesi okhiqizwayo uzodluliselwa ezweni laseKyushu ngekhebula lamandla angaphansi kolwandle elinamandla aphezulu, okubhekana nokungalingani kwesidingo sesifunda. I-Kyushu Electric Power Company, evumile amaphrojekthi angaphezu kuka-800 MW e-Mega Solar, imele amaphesenti angama-25 enani likazwelonke. Naphezu kokukhathazeka ngomthamo wegridi, inkampani ayikakamemezeli noma yimiphi imikhawulo yokufinyelela.

Ushintsho Lwamandla Ngemva Kwe-Fukushima
Ngemva kweNhlekelele ye-Fukushima Tsunami-Nuclear kaMashi 2011, iJapane ibilokhu izama ukufaka esikhundleni samandla enuzi ngegesi yemvelo kanye neminye imithombo yamandla. I-FIT ibalulekile ekuhlukaniseni ingxube yamandla yaseJapane. Kodwa-ke, ukufeza lokhu akudingi nje kuphela umthamo wegridi owanele kodwa futhi nokunciphisa ukulawula ukufinyelela kwegridi kumajeneretha kagesi amasha. Unjiniyela wendawo waphawula, "Ofika kuqala, khonza kuqala. Uma uthatha isinyathelo ngokushesha ngokwanele, ungaba ngumnqobi," ekhombisa isimo sokuncintisana semakethe. Omunye waqhathanisa lesi simo nezinselele zenqubomgomo yamandla avuselelekayo yaseSpain, ephakamisa izingibe ezingaba khona endleleni yeJapane.

Uhlelo lwe-FIT lwaseJapan, oluhlelwe ngokweJalimane, luhlose ukusungula imakethe ye-PV esimeme. Njengoba uhulumeni eqhubeka nokusabela nokwakha imithetho emisha ukuze aphendule izinselele ezivelayo, kunengozi yokuphinda umjikelezo wokuqhakaza nokukhula obonwe eSpain, lapho ukukhula okusimeme kungatholakalanga khona. Ukulungiswa okuqhubekayo kanye nezinyathelo zokuqapha kuzobaluleka ekunqumeni impumelelo yesikhathi eside kanye nokuzinza kwemakethe ye-PV yaseJapan.