Indlela eyaziwa ngokuthi ukukhiqizwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic iguqula amandla okukhanya abe ugesi ngqo ngokusebenzisa umphumela we-photovoltaic esibonakalayo se-semiconductor. Iphaneli yamaseli elanga (imojuli), isilawuli, kanye ne-inverter yizingxenye zayo ezintathu eziyinhloko. Izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi zakha iningi lezingxenye zayo ezibalulekile. Imojuli yamaseli elanga enkulu yakhiwa ngokuxhuma amaseli elanga ngokulandelana, ukuwahlanganisa ukuze avikelwe, kanye nokwengeza abalawuli bamandla kanye nezingxenye ezengeziwe ukudala idivayisi yokukhiqizwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic.
1. Iyini inqubo yokukhiqiza amandla elanga?
Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic inqubo yokuguqula ngqo amandla elanga abe ugesi kagesi.
Amandla e-photovoltaic njengamanje ayindlela evame kakhulu yokudala ugesi welanga. Ngenxa yalokho, amandla elanga manje avame ukubizwa ngokuthi ukukhiqiza amandla e-photovoltaic.
2. Amaseli elanga akhiqiza kanjani ugesi?
Iseli le-photovoltaic uhlobo oluyisisekelo kakhulu lweyunithi yokukhiqiza amandla e-photovoltaic, njengoba liyidivayisi ye-semiconductor eguqula ukukhanya nogesi ngqo kusuka emandleni emisebe yelanga ibe yi-direct current.
Ukufaka i-silicon ekristali enezinto ezithile (njenge-phosphorus, i-boron, njalonjalo) kubangela ukungalingani okuqhubekayo ekushajweni kwama-molecule ezinto, okuholela ezintweni ze-semiconductor ezinezakhiwo zikagesi ezihlukile ezibangela izici zikagesi ezihlukile zamaseli e-photovoltaic.
Uma zivezwa elangeni, ama-semiconductor anezici zikagesi ezihlukile angakhiqiza amashaja amahhala. Lapho iziphetho zivaliwe, amashaja amahhala ayaqoqana futhi ahambe ngendlela ethile, akhiqize amandla kagesi.
3. Yiziphi izinzuzo ezinikezwa ukukhiqiza amandla e-photovoltaic?
1). Ububanzi
Ubuso bomhlaba bukhanyiswe yilanga, futhi lokhu kungasetshenziswa futhi kusetshenziswe kungakhathaliseki indawo—izwe, ulwandle, izintaba, noma umhlabathi oyisicaba. Ngisho noma isikhathi sokukhanya kanye nobukhulu bako kungafani, kusakazeke kabanzi futhi ngeke kuthintwe yisimo sezulu noma indawo.
2). Ukusimama kanye nokungapheli
Ilanga likhiqiza amandla enuzi anele ngaleli zinga ukuze linikeze amandla isitoreji se-hydrogen esingamashumi ezigidigidi zeminyaka. Ngenxa yokuwohloka okukhulu kwemvelo kwanamuhla, amandla elanga angumthombo wamandla ohlanzekile ngokuphelele, ovuselelekayo onokutholakala okungenamkhawulo.
3). Izindawo zokufaka eziguquguqukayo
Uphahla oluvulekile lunikeza inzuzo yokungathintwa yindlela yesakhiwo, okuvumela ukukhanya ukuthi kufinyelele ngaphakathi isikhathi eside futhi kunciphise ukuphazamiseka kwesithunzi. Ngaphezu kokufakwa ophahleni lwezakhiwo zokuhlala, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic kungatholakala nasezakhiweni zezimboni, lapho amandla elanga esetshenziswa khona ukukhiqiza amandla ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zikagesi zesikhungo. Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-photovoltaic obusatshalaliswa ophahleni nakho kungabhekana ngempumelelo nenkinga yokusetshenziswa kukagesi esifundeni sonke maqondana nokuvuselelwa kwezindawo zasemakhaya.
4). I-Verdant
Ngokwemvelo, amavolumu aphezulu e-TV nezikrini ezikhanyayo kusebenzisa ugesi omningi. Ukunciphisa ukukhanya nomthamo akuvikeli nje kuphela amehlo nezindlebe, kodwa futhi kulondoloza ugesi.
5). Ukuthuthukisa ukuphepha kwamandla ezweni
Abantu bangathuthukisa ukuphepha kwamandla kazwelonke ngokunciphisa ukuthembela kwabo ekukhiqizweni kwamandla kagesi wezinto zakudala ngaleyo ndlela bagweme izinkinga zamandla kanye nokungazinzi kwemakethe kaphethiloli. Lokhu kungafezwa ngokusebenzisa ukukhiqizwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic.
6). Izindleko ezincane zokunakekela nokusebenza
Ukusebenza kokukhiqizwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic kuqinile futhi kuthembekile, futhi akunazo izingxenye zokudlulisa ngomshini. Uma kuhlanganiswa nokusetshenziswa kabanzi kobuchwepheshe bokulawula okuzenzakalelayo, isethi yezinhlelo zokukhiqiza amandla e-photovoltaic ingakhiqiza ugesi inqobo nje uma kune-solar cell module. Lokhu kuphumela ezindlekweni zokulungisa ezishibhile ezingatholakala ngaphandle kokuqashwa.
4. Yiziphi izinhlobo zamaphrojekthi okuphehla ugesi welanga ezikhona?
Amaphrojekthi e-PV angahlukaniswa ngokuthi “asatshalaliswa” noma “abekwe endaweni eyodwa” ngokusekelwe kusakhiwo sawo.
Okusatshalaliswayo: Izitshalo zamandla ze-photovoltaic zobukhulu obuthile ezibekwe endaweni yomsebenzisi noma ezixhunywe kugridi kagesi zibizwa ngokuthi izitshalo zamandla ze-photovoltaic ezisatshalaliswayo. Lolu hlobo lwesitshalo samandla lunganikeza amandla ngqo kubantu abaseduze futhi luvame ukufakwa phansi, odongeni, noma ophahleni.
I-Centralized: isetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni ezibanzi njengezintaba namahlane. Ngokusebenzisa amaphaneli amaningana e-photovoltaic noma izinhlelo zokulandelela ilanga, lolu hlobo lwesitshalo samandla luqoqa amandla elanga futhi luwaguqule abe ugesi othunyelwa kubathengi abahlala kude nendawo yokwakhiwa kwamandla.
Izitshalo zamandla ze-photovoltaic ezihlanganiswe nesakhiwo: Lezi zakhiwa ngokuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza amandla elanga nokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo, okwenza uhlelo lwelanga lube yingxenye ebalulekile yesakhiwo. Lolu hlobo lwesitshalo samandla lungafakwa ebalcony yesakhiwo, odongeni lwekhethini, ophahleni, noma kwezinye izindawo.
Izitshalo zikagesi ze-PV nazo zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu alandelayo ngokusekelwe kuzici zobuchwepheshe kanye nezimo zohlelo lokusebenza:
Isiteshi sikagesi se-PV esisetshenziswa ekhaya: sisetshenziswa kakhulu ezakhiweni zokuhlala, siwuhlelo lokukhiqiza ugesi lwe-PV olusatshalaliswa ngezinga elincane. Ukuze bahlangabezane nezidingo zabo zikagesi, abanikazi bezindlu bangafaka amaphaneli elanga ophahleni lwabo futhi bakhiqize amandla avuselelekayo.
Iziteshi zikagesi ze-PV zezentengiselwano: ziphakathi kweziteshi zikagesi ze-PV ezimaphakathi kanye nezindawo zokuhlala ngokwesilinganiso, futhi zifanele ukusetshenziswa ezakhiweni zezentengiselwano, emapaki ezimboni, nakwezinye izindawo.
Izitshalo zikagesi ze-photovoltaic zasemakhaya: zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni zasemakhaya, lapho zinikeza abalimi amandla ahlanzekile futhi zibhekana nenkinga yokuntuleka kukagesi.
Izitshalo zikagesi ze-photovoltaic zasemakhaya: zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni zasemakhaya, lapho zinikeza abalimi amandla ahlanzekile futhi zibhekana nenkinga yokuntuleka kukagesi.
Isiteshi sikagesi se-PV sesikhungo somphakathi: sichaza ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza amandla elanga ezindaweni lapho umphakathi ukhona khona, njengeziteshi zamabhasi, izikole, kanye nezibhedlela.
Isiteshi sikagesi se-photovoltaic esintantayo: Lolu hlobo lohlelo lokukhiqiza ugesi lusetshenziswa kakhulu emachibini, emachibini, nakwezinye izindawo lapho kufakwa khona amaphaneli e-photovoltaic ebusweni bamanzi.
5. Yini eyenza amandla e-photovoltaic abe umthombo wamandla aphansi anekhabhoni futhi aluhlaza?
Ngokusho kwemiphumela yocwaningo evela kwi-World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), ukufaka uhlelo lokuphehla ugesi lwe-photovoltaic oluyi-1 kW kungakhiqiza ugesi ongu-1200 kWh ngonyaka, kunciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamalahle (amalahle ajwayelekile) cishe ngo-400 kg, futhi kunciphise ukukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide cishe ngethani eli-1. Ukuphehla ugesi we-photovoltaic kunamandla amakhulu, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, kanye nezinzuzo zomnotho. Kungenye yamandla aluhlaza asezingeni eliphezulu ezweni lethu.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo, njengokukhiqizwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic, kungenye yezindlela ezisebenzayo zokubhekana nezinkinga zemvelo ezifana nomswakama kanye nemvula ene-asidi. Ngokusho kwemiphumela yocwaningo evela kwi-World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), ukufaka uhlelo lokukhiqizwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic oluyimitha yesikwele elilodwa kufana nokutshala izihlahla ezingamamitha-skwele ayi-100.
