Njengoba isidingo somhlaba wonke samandla avuselelekayo sikhula, izinhlelo ze-photovoltaic (PV) zisetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni yezentengiselwano neyezimboni. Uhlelo lwe-PV oluklanywe kahle alugcini nje ngokuhlangabezana nezidingo zamandla zenhlangano, kodwa futhi lunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza, luthuthukisa isithombe senhlangano semvelo, futhi lusiza ekufinyeleleni ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni.
1. Ukukhethwa Kwemojuli: Ukushintshana Phakathi Kokusebenza Kahle Nezindleko.
Ukusebenza kahle vs. izindleko: Uma ukhetha amamojula e-PV, izinto ezimbili ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzicabangele ukusebenza kahle kanye nezindleko. Amamojula asebenza kahle kakhulu, yize ebiza kakhulu, anganikeza amandla amaningi kanye nezinzuzo zomnotho esikhathini eside. Emakethe yamanje, amamojula e-silicon e-mono-crystalline ayathandwa ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kwawo okuphezulu kanye nokuzinza, yize amamojula e-silicon e-poly-crystalline encintisana ngokulinganayo ngenxa yezindleko zawo ezingabizi.
Izinto zokwakha kanye nobuchwepheshe: Ngaphezu kwamamojula ajwayelekile asekelwe ku-silicon, amamojula e-PV e-thin-film kanye namamojula amasha okusebenza kahle kakhulu (njenge-hetero-junction kanye namamojula okuxhumana emuva) ahlinzeka ngezindlela eziningi ezahlukene. Umklamo kumele ucabangele izinto ezifana nokuqina kwemojula, i-coefficient yokushisa, kanye nokulahlekelwa yisithunzi.
2. Ukuhlelwa Kwesistimu: Umklamo Ofanele kanye Nokuthwebula Amandla.
Ukucatshangelwa kwezimpawu zesakhiwo: Ukwakheka kwesakhiwo sezinhlelo ze-PV kumele kucabangele izici zesakhiwo, njengendawo yophahla, isimo, ukuqondiswa, kanye nendawo ezungezile. Lezi ziguquguquko zinomthelela oqondile ekhoneni lokufakwa, isiqondiso, kanye nokuhlelwa kwamaphaneli e-PV.
Ukuphathwa kwesithunzi: Umklamo omuhle wokwakheka unganciphisa kakhulu ithonya lezithunzi ekusebenzeni kwesistimu. Isu lokufaka elifanele lingadalwa kusetshenziswa ukulingisa isofthiwe kanye nokutadisha endaweni ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo lubamba amandla amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka ngezikhathi ezahlukene zonyaka nezinkathi ezahlukene.
3. Ukufanisa i-Inverter: Isihluthulelo Sokuthuthukisa Ukusebenza Kwesistimu.
Uhlobo lwe-inverter: Ukukhethwa kwe-inverter kubalulekile ekusebenzeni okuphelele kwesistimu ye-PV. Kuye ngobukhulu besistimu nezidingo, kungasetshenziswa ama-inverter ahlanganisiwe, entambo, noma ama-micro-inverter. Ama-inverter amancane angavumela ukulandelela amaphuzu wamandla aphezulu kwimodyuli ngayinye ye-PV, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwesistimu.
Ukuphathwa kwamandla: Ama-inverter anesibopho esingaphezu nje kokuguqulwa kwe-DC kuya ku-AC; aphinde aphathe futhi aqaphe amandla. Ama-inverter esimanje avame ukusebenzisana ne-smart grid ukuze anikeze impendulo yesidingo kanye nokusekelwa kokugcinwa kwamandla, okuthuthukisa kakhulu umnotho wesistimu kanye nokuthembeka.
4. Ukuqapha nokulungisa uhlelo: Kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwesikhathi eside.
Uhlelo lokuqapha: Uhlelo lokuqapha olusebenzayo lungalandela ukusebenza kohlelo lwe-PV ngesikhathi sangempela, lubone futhi luxazulule izinkinga njengoba zivela. Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kohlelo futhi kwandise isikhathi sokuphila kwemishini.
Amaphaneli e-PV kumele ahlanzwe futhi agcinwe njalo ukuze uhlelo lusebenze kahle. Uhlelo lokulungisa kufanele luhambisane nesimo sezulu sendawo kanye nemingcele yezemvelo.
5. Ukuhlaziywa Kwezinzuzo Zezomnotho: Kuqinisekisa Imbuyiselo Ekutshalweni Kwezimali.
Isikhathi sokukhokha: Lapho kuthuthukiswa uhlelo lwe-PV, ukuhlolwa okujulile kokutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala kwephrojekthi, izindleko zokusebenza, imbuyiselo elinganisiwe, kanye nokusekelwa kwemithetho kuyadingeka. Lokhu kusiza ekunqumeni inani lokutshalwa kwezimali elifanele kanye nendlela yokuxhasa iphrojekthi, kanye nokuhlola izinzuzo zayo zomnotho.
Izinqubomgomo kanye nezikhuthazo: Ukusekelwa kwenqubomgomo ezweni ngalinye kanye nesifunda kunomthelela omkhulu emnothweni wamaphrojekthi kagesi welanga. Ukuqonda nokusebenzisa izibonelelo ezahlukahlukene, ukwehliswa kwentela, kanye nemithetho yesikweletu esiluhlaza kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukukhanga kokutshalwa kwezimali kwephrojekthi.
Ukwakhiwa kohlelo lwe-PV lwezakhiwo zezentengiselwano nezezimboni kuyiphrojekthi eyinkimbinkimbi edinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela izinkinga eziningi zobuchwepheshe nezomnotho. Izinkampani zingakha uhlelo lwe-PV olusebenza kahle futhi olungabizi ngokuluhlela ngokucophelela nokuluklama, okuholela ekuzimeleni kwamandla, izindleko zokusebenza eziphansi, kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo.
