Ukuze kukhuthazwe ukuguquka kwezakhiwo zamandla nokulwa nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, imboni ye-photovoltaic—ingxenye encane yamandla avuselelekayo—ibalulekile. Imboni ye-photovoltaic (PV) okwamanje idlula esigabeni samandla entuthuko angakaze abonwe ngenxa yesimo sobuchwepheshe esishintsha njalo kanye nesidingo sabathengi esikhulayo.
Maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, lapho amaseli elanga ekhiqizwa okokuqala ngempumelelo, kwadalwa imboni ye-PV. Emashumini eminyaka ambalwa edlule, kuye kwenziwa intuthuko enkulu emkhakheni we-photovoltaic (PV), okwaholela ekuthuthukisweni kwemikhiqizo eminingi emisha, okuhlanganisa amaseli elanga amancane, i-polycrystalline silicon, kanye namaseli elanga e-monocrystalline silicon okuqala. Ngokuphambene nalokho, izindleko zokukhiqizwa kwamandla e-PV zehle kancane kancane ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle kwemodyuli ye-PV, okuvumela ukuthi ibhekane neminye imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo.
Naphezu kokuthi imboni ye-PV iyachuma, ayiyona engenazo izinselele nezithiyo. Ukutholakala okulinganiselwe komhlaba ongalinywayo kungenye yezinto ezinjalo. Okukhathazayo kakhulu ezifundeni ezinemithombo yomhlaba elinganiselwe inani elikhulu lesikhala esidingwa yizitshalo zikagesi ze-PV ezinkulu ezivamile. Ngenxa yalokhu, amasu okusebenzisa i-PV ahlukile kufanele ahlolwe ukuze kusetshenziswe kakhulu umhlaba otholakalayo.
Uhlelo lokukhiqizwa kwamandla e-PV olusatshalaliswa luwukusetshenziswa okusha kobuchwepheshe be-PV. Njengoba lufakwe ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa izindonga nophahla, amamojula e-solar photovoltaic (PV) akhiqiza ugesi ngqo kusuka elangeni futhi awusakaze ezakhiweni ngohlelo lokukhiqizwa kwamandla e-PV olusatshalaliswa. Lo modeli unikeza izinzuzo eziningi, ezilandelayo: ekuqaleni, luthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwendawo yokwakha ngenkathi ngesikhathi esifanayo lunciphisa ukuhlala kwezinsiza zomhlaba; okwesibili, luthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwamandla ngenkathi lunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kokudluliselwa kwegridi; kanti okwesithathu, lukhiqiza ugesi ohlanzekile, ovuselelekayo ngenkathi lunciphisa ukuncika kumafutha avamile.
Izinhlelo zokuphehla ugesi ze-PV zomzimba ontantayo ziwuhlobo olwengeziwe lwesicelo se-PV olusha, ngaphezu kwezinhlelo zokuphehla ugesi ze-PV ezisatshalaliswayo. Uhlelo lokukhiqiza ugesi lwe-PV lomzimba ontantayo lusungulwa ngokunamathisela amamojula e-photovoltaic ebusweni bamanzi kusetshenziswa ipulatifomu entantayo. Izinzuzo zalo modeli yilezi ezilandelayo: okokuqala, kuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwendawo engaphezulu kwamanzi kunokudinga izinsiza zomhlaba; okwesibili, kuthuthukisa ukuphehla ugesi ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamamojula e-photovoltaic ngenxa yomphumela wokupholisa wamanzi; kanti okwesithathu, kunciphisa ukuncika kumafutha avamile ngenkathi kunikeza ugesi ohlanzekile, ovuselelekayo.
Ngaphezu kwezinye izinhlobo ezimbalwa zezicelo ze-PV ezintsha eziphawulekayo. Isibonelo salokhu imodeli yezolimo ye-PV, esebenzisa amamojula e-PV ukukhiqiza ugesi nokulima ukudla ngasikhathi sinye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlanganiswa kohlelo lokugcina amandla lwe-PV kanye nobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza amandla e-PV kungahlinzeka ngokunikezwa kwamandla okuqhubekayo uma kwenzeka ukucima kukagesi welanga. Izindlela ezintsha kanye nemibono yokwanda kwesikhathi eside kwemboni ye-PV kuye kwavela selokhu kwethulwa lezi zinhlobo zezicelo ezintsha.
Ukusekelwa okuvela kuhulumeni kanye nesiqondiso ngenqubomgomo kubalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwezindlela ezintsha zokufaka izicelo ze-PV. Uhulumeni angase asekele futhi akhuthaze ukwanda kwemboni ye-PV ngokusebenzisa izinqubomgomo nemithethonqubo emihle, ukuhlinzekwa kwezibonelelo zezimali kanye nezinzuzo zentela, kanye nokwamukelwa kwentuthuko eyengeziwe yezobuchwepheshe. Okwamanje, ukwesekwa kukahulumeni kocwaningo lwesayensi kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe kungasiza ekuqhubekeni nasekukhuleni kobuchwepheshe be-photovoltaic.
Ukubambisana kanye nokubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe kubalulekile ekwandiseni imboni ye-PV. Kubalulekile ukuthi amazwe abambisane, abelane ngezinsiza kanye nolwazi, futhi akhuthaze ukwanda okusha kwemboni ye-PV. Kumelwe sibhekane nezinselele zamandla nezemvelo esibhekene nazo njengomphakathi womhlaba wonke ukuze sithole intuthuko esimeme.
