Isitoreji samandla se-photovoltaic asifani nokukhiqizwa kwamandla axhunywe kugridi, ukwandisa ibhethri, kanye namadivayisi okushaja nokukhipha ibhethri, yize izindleko zokuqala zokwandisa ngo-20-40%, kodwa ububanzi bokusetshenziswa bubanzi kakhulu. Ngokusho kwezicelo ezahlukene, isitoreji samandla se-photovoltaic selanga kanye nesistimu yokukhiqizwa kwamandla ihlukaniswe ngohlelo lokukhiqizwa kwamandla olungaphandle kwegridi, kanye nohlelo lokugcina amandla olungaphandle kwegridi, uhlelo lokugcina amandla oluxhunywe kugridi kanye nohlelo oluhlukahlukene lwegridi encane yamandla ehlanganisiwe njalonjalo.
Uhlelo lokuphehla ugesi olungaphandle kwegridi ye-photovoltaic
Uhlelo lokukhiqizwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic olungaphandle kwegridi (i-Off-Grid Photovoltaic Power Generation), amaseli elanga ngaphezu kokushumeka kusibali, ukusetshenziswa okulula komzimba wewashi le-elekthronikhi, nephaneli yelanga, idivayisi elula yokushaja, ibhethri ekwakhiweni kohlelo lokukhiqizwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic olulula kakhulu, idivayisi enjalo ivame ukusetshenziswa abelusi ukuthwala ugesi womsakazo kanye nokukhanya kwakusihlwa. Manje kukhona namandla elanga aphathekayo.
Izinhlelo zokugcina amandla ezixhunywe kugridi kanye nezingaphandle kwegridi
Uhlelo lwe-Photovoltaic ngokwesicelo sangempela sezinhlobonhlobo, okuyinto kanye nohlelo lokugcina amandla olungaphandle kwegridi lubonakala ngokukhiqizwa kwamandla okuxhunywe kugridi, kodwa futhi nokugcinwa kwamandla, kodwa futhi nokusebenza komuntu ngamunye okungaphandle kwegridi, kwezinye izindawo zezentengiselwano, ngenxa yomthamo olinganiselwe wohlelo lwe-transformer photovoltaic olukhishwe amandla aluvunyelwe ukuya ku-inthanethi ukuyothengisa ugesi, kodwa futhi kufanele kube nokungazinzi kwamagridi kagesi esifunda, futhi kunezindawo lapho intengo ye-inthanethi ishibhile kakhulu amanani kagesi okusetshenziswa kanye aphezulu, umehluko wentengo yesiqongo nesigodi mkhulu, ukufakwa kwezitshalo zamandla ze-photovoltaic kulezi zindawo Kufanelekile ukusetshenziswa kohlelo lokugcina amandla olukugridi kanye nolungaphandle kwegridi.
Uhlelo lokugcina amandla lwe-photovoltaic kanye nolwe-off-grid lunezindlela ezine eziyinhloko zokuzuza:
1. Usebenzisa ugesi we-photovoltaic emthwalweni, ungabeka intengo yokukhishwa okuphezulu kukagesi, unciphise izindleko zikagesi.
2. Khokha ngesikhathi esingekho ngesikhathi esiphezulu bese ukhipha imali ngesikhathi esiphezulu, usebenzisa umehluko wentengo ephezulu kanye neyasesigodini ukuze wenze inzuzo.
3. Ayikwazi ukuba ku-inthanethi, ingafakwa ukuvimbela ukugeleza emuva kwesistimu. Amandla e-PV makhulu kunamandla omthwalo, amandla awakwazi ukusetshenziswa kuze kufike esitokweni sebhethri.
4. Ukucima kwegridi, uhlelo lushintshelwa kwimodi ye-off-grid. Uhlelo lwe-PV luyaqhubeka nokukhiqiza ugesi, uhlelo luyaqhubeka nokusebenza njengomthombo wamandla okusekelayo, i-photovoltaic kanye nomthombo wamandla webhethri emthwalweni nge-inverter.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nohlelo lokukhiqizwa kwamandla oluxhunywe kugridi, kanye nohlelo olungaphandle kwegridi kwandisa isilawuli sokushaja/sokukhipha ibhethri, izindleko zohlelo zikhuphuke cishe ngo-30%, kodwa ububanzi bokusetshenziswa bubanzi. Okokuqala, lungabekwa ekukhishweni kwamandla alinganisiwe esicongweni sentengo kagesi ukuze kuncishiswe ibhili kagesi; okwesibili, lungashajwa esicongweni sentengo kagesi bese lukhishwa esicongweni ukuze kwenziwe imali ngokusebenzisa umehluko phakathi kwentengo ephezulu nephansi; okwesithathu, lapho igridi ingasebenzi, uhlelo lwe-PV luzoqhubeka nokusebenza njengomthombo wamandla okusekelayo, futhi i-inverter ingashintshwa ibe yimodi ye-off-grid, futhi i-PV namabhethri kunganikezwa umthwalo nge-inverter.
Uhlelo lokugcina amandla lwe-photovoltaic oluxhunywe kugridi
Izinhlelo zokukhiqiza amandla e-photovoltaic ezinesitoreji samandla esixhunywe kugridi zingagcina ukukhiqizwa kwamandla okweqile, kwandise isilinganiso sokuzikhiqiza nokuzisebenzisa. Lezi zinhlelo zisetshenziswa ezimweni lapho ukuzikhiqiza kwe-PV nokuzisebenzisa kungenakutholakala kwi-inthanethi, amanani aphezulu abiza kakhulu kunamazinga e-wave level, kanti amanani okuzisebenzisa abiza kakhulu kunamanani okufaka. Uhlelo lwakhiwe yi-array yesikwele se-photovoltaic equkethe amamojula eseli lelanga, isilawuli selanga, ibhange lebhethri, i-inverter exhunywe kugridi, idivayisi yokuthola ugesi, umthwalo, nezinye izingxenye. Isilawuli sigcina amanye amandla elanga futhi siletha amanye awo emthwalweni lapho amandla elanga amakhulu kunamandla omthwalo. Uhlelo luqhutshwa yinhlanganisela yegridi namandla elanga lapho amandla elanga enganele ukunika amandla umthwalo. Ngemva kokuhoxiswa kwezibonelelo ze-photovoltaic, izinhlelo zokugcina amandla ezixhunywe kugridi zingafakwa ngaphambi kokufakwa kwezinhlelo zelanga kwamanye amazwe nasezindaweni, okuvumela ukuphuma kwamandla e-photovoltaic ukuthi kuzenzekele ngokuphelele futhi kuzisebenzisele. Idivayisi yokugcina amandla exhunywe kugridi ingasetshenziswa nama-inverter avela kubakhiqizi abahlukahlukene ngenkathi kugcinwa ukucushwa kokuqala. Lapho inzwa yamanje ithola ukugeleza kwamandla kugridi, idivayisi yokugcina amandla exhunywe kugridi iyasebenza, igcina ugesi owengeziwe ebhethrini, futhi uma ibhethri ligcwele, ivula isifudumezi samanzi sikagesi. Ibhethri lingasethwa ukuthi lithumele ugesi emthwalweni nge-inverter lapho umthwalo wasekhaya ukhuphuka ebusuku.
Uhlelo lwegridi encane yokugcina amandla
I-solar cell square array, i-inverter exhunywe kugridi, i-PCS bidirectional converter, i-intelligent switching switch, i-battery bank, kanye ne-generator kuhlanganisa umthwalo wesistimu ye-micro grid, njalo njalo. Uma kunokukhanya, i-photovoltaic array iguqula amandla elanga abe ugesi. Ibe isisebenzisa i-inverter ukunika amandla umthwalo kanye ne-PCS bidirectional converter ukushaja iphakethe lebhethri. Uma kungekho ukukhanya, ibhethri isebenzisa i-PCS bidirectional converter ukunika amandla umthwalo. I-micro grid iyisisombululo esisebenza kahle kakhulu sokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwegridi yamandla ngoba ingasebenzisa ngokugcwele nangokuphumelelayo isithembiso samandla ahlanzekile asatshalaliswa ngenkathi inciphisa izinkinga zomthamo omncane, amandla okukhiqiza angalindelekile, kanye nokuthembeka okuphansi kokunikezwa kwamandla okuzimele. Ukusebenza okuphephile kwesistimu kusebenza njengesengezo esiwusizo kugridi yamandla amakhulu. Ama-micro grid angasiza kakhulu amabhizinisi endabuko ukuthi ashintshe ngokomnotho kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo. Ochwepheshe bathi izinhlelo zokusebenza zegridi encane ziyahlukahluka futhi zingahluka ngobukhulu kusukela kuma-kilowatts ambalwa kuya kuma-megawatts amaningi. Ama-micro grid angaklanywa ngesakhiwo esincane njengesakhiwo esisodwa kuya kwesikhulu njengezimboni, izimayini, izinkampani, izibhedlela kanye nezikole.
Ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba 2020, i-National Energy Administration yavuma ukuqaliswa kwe-“PV Power System Efficiency Code”, ekhulula ngokuphelele isilinganiso samandla eziteshi zamandla ze-photovoltaic, ngesilinganiso samandla esinconywayo esifika ku-1.
Ithuba:Ukuthunyelwa kwamamojula e-PV asekhaya kuzoqhubeka nokwanda kakhulu esikhathini eside, kuyilapho ukuthunyelwa kwe-inverter nakho kuzokwanda. Ukwabiwa ngokweqile okunengqondo kungafeza i-LCOE ephansi kakhulu, kuthuthukise i-IRR yephrojekthi futhi kusheshise ukukhuthazwa kokulingana.
Inselele:Ukushiywa kokukhanya kanye nokuguquguquka komthamo wokufanisa nokulayisha ngokweqile we-inverter yokukhiqiza ugesi ye-PV.
Ukusungulwa kohlelo olujwayelekile lwemboni yokugcina amandla oluqinile, uhlelo lokugcina amandla luhilela izixhumanisi eziningi zemishini, ukusebenza kwemishini yeketanga lezimboni kuyahlukahluka, umlilo nezinye izingozi kuyisithiyo esibalulekile esithinta ukuthuthukiswa kokugcinwa kwamandla.
Cacisa isimo semakethe esizimele sesitoreji samandla, izindawo zokugcina amandla zingahlanganiswa ne-photovoltaic, amandla okushisa kanye neminye imithombo yamandla iyonke, ukuze kuhlanganyelwe ezinsizeni zokushintshashintsha okuphezulu kwesistimu yamandla kanye nokushintshashintsha imvamisa, futhi kutholakale imali engenayo, kodwa futhi njengenhlangano yemakethe ezimele.
Ukusekelwa kwenqubomgomo okuhlukahlukene nokuzinzile, ukusekelwa kwenqubomgomo yezimboni yokugcina amandla kudinga ukuvumelanisa nokumaketha, ngenkathi kusetshenziswa izinqubomgomo zezimboni ezahlukahlukene zezimo ezahlukene zokusetshenziswa.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla esikhathi esizayo eShayina kuzodlula enkambisweni kusukela ku-carbon ephezulu kuya ku-carbon ephansi kuya ku-carbon engenalutho, amandla amasha emkhakheni kagesi kusukela ekushintsheni okuqhubekayo kancane kancane aqala ukushintshwa kwesitoko, ngokulandelana, ukuze kuqedwe uhlangothi lomsebenzisi lwesitoreji samandla + amandla amasha. Uhlangothi lokukhiqizwa kwamandla lwesitoreji samandla + ukulingana kwamandla amasha. Kulindeleke ukuthi ngo-2035, imithombo yamandla emisha efana ne-photovoltaics izobalelwa ngaphezu kuka-30% wengxube yamandla, isekele ukuthambekela okuphezulu kokusetshenziswa kwamandla ngaphandle kokwandisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isitshalo sokugcina amandla esifakwe esibonelweni sokudlulisa noma ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sinendawo yokwabelana ngesiteshi samandla avuselelekayo, noma ukufinyelela okuzimele esitshalo sokugcina amandla segridi, ikakhulukazi kuvela enzuzweni yemakethe yamandla, ukuhlukahluka kwemodi.
Amandla amasha aqondiswe ekuthuthukisweni kwesitoreji samandla esihlanzekile esixhunywe kugridi, ngesimo sesitoreji somoya nelanga kancane kancane emhlabeni wonke ukuqala imiboniso. Isitoreji samandla esisekela i-photovoltaic, amandla omoya ukuletha umphumela wezomnotho wokuzinza okuqhubekayo, ukulawulwa komoya nokukhanya okushiywe, njll., kulethe intuthuko enhle.
