Ukwanda kwamandla e-photovoltaic axhunywe kugridi kanye nomthelela wegridi obangelwayo kudale izimo ezinhle kakhulu zokuthuthukiswa kwesitoreji samandla.
Isitoreji samandla se-photovoltaic sihlukile ekukhiqizweni kwamandla okuxhunywe kugridi ngoba sisebenzisa amabhethri ukugcina kanye namadivayisi ukushaja nokukhipha amabhethri; ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala kuzoba kukhulu, kodwa ububanzi bezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingaba khona buzoba bubanzi kakhulu. Kulesi sihloko, sethula izimo ezine zesicelo sokugcina amandla se-PV + ezihambisana nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene: izimo zesicelo sokugcina amandla se-PV kugridi, izimo zesicelo sokugcina amandla se-PV ngaphandle kwegridi, izimo zesicelo sesistimu yokugcina amandla se-hybrid-grid, kanye nezimo zesicelo sokugcina amandla se-PV micro-grid.
1. Isimo sezinhlelo zokusebenza zokugcina amandla ze-PV ngaphandle kwegridi
Izinhlelo zokugcina amandla ze-photovoltaic ezingaphandle kwegridi kanye nokukhiqiza ugesi zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni ezikude zezintaba, ezindaweni ezingenamandla, eziqhingini, eziteshini zokuxhumana, kanye nasezibanini zasemgwaqweni, phakathi kwezinye izindawo lapho zingasebenza khona ngokuzimela ngaphandle kokuthembela kugridi kagesi.
Uhlelo luhlanganisa i-PV array, i-PV inverter, isitoreji sebhethri, kanye nomthwalo wamandla. Uma kukhona ukukhanya, i-photovoltaic array iguqula amandla elanga abe amandla kagesi futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo inikeze amandla kumthwalo ngomshini ohlanganisiwe wokulawula okuphambene bese ishaja iphakethe lebhethri; uma kungekho ukukhanya, ibhethri linika amandla umthwalo we-AC nge-inverter.
Izinhlelo zokuphehla ugesi ze-photovoltaic ezingaphandle kwegridi zenzelwe ngqo ukuthunyelwa ezindaweni ezingenazo izigridi zikagesi noma ezibhekana nokuphela kukagesi njalo. Lezi zinhlelo zisebenza ngendlela "yokugcina nokusebenzisa" noma "yokugcina kuqala bese usebenzisa", efana nendlela amalahle athunyelwa ngayo eqhweni." "Iqhwa elifakwe emalahleni" Ezindaweni ezingenazo izigridi zikagesi noma ezicima njalo ezithinta imindeni, izinhlelo ezingaphandle kwezigridi zisebenza kakhulu.
2. Izimo zezinhlelo zokusebenza zokugcina amandla ze-PV hybrid-grid
Izinhlelo zokugcina amandla ze-PV hybrid-grid zivame ukusetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokuphazamiseka kwamandla okuvamile. Izindleko zokusebenzisa ngokweqile zivimbela ukweqisa kwi-inthanethi; intela ephakeme ibiza kakhulu kunentela yesigodi kanye naleyo yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukile.
Ama-photovoltaic array aqukethe amamojula eseli lelanga, imishini ehlanganisiwe yamandla elanga engaphandle kwegridi kanye negridi, amaphakethe ebhethri, imithwalo, nezinye izingxenye zakha uhlelo. Lapho kukhona ukukhanya, i-photovoltaic array iguqula amandla elanga abe amandla kagesi futhi ishaje ibhange lebhethri ngenkathi ihlinzeka ngamandla emthwalweni nge-inverter yokulawula ilanga; lapho ukukhanya kungekho, ibhethri ishaja i-inverter yokulawula ilanga bese ihlinzeka ngamandla emthwalweni we-AC.
Ukufakwa kwezilawuli zokushaja/ukukhipha ugesi kanye namabhethri ohlelweni oluxhunywe kugridi kanye nolungaphandle kwegridi kuphakamisa izindleko zizonke cishe ngo-30%-50% uma kuqhathaniswa nohlelo lokukhiqizwa kwamandla oluxhunywe kugridi. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kwandiswa kwandisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingaba khona zohlelo. Okokuqala, kungenzeka ukumisa uhlelo lwe-PV ukuze lukhiqize ugesi ngamandla alo alinganiselwe ngezikhathi zesidingo sikagesi esiphezulu ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko zikagesi. Okwesibili, kungenzeka ukushaja uhlelo lwe-PV ngesikhathi semodi yokusebenza ngaphandle kwegridi bese ulukhipha ngesikhathi sesidingo sikagesi esiphezulu, kusetshenziswe umehluko wentengo phakathi kwezingxenye ze-peak kanye ne-valley. Okokugcina, uma kwenzeka igridi ingatholakali, uhlelo lwe-PV lusebenza njengomthombo wamandla oyisipele, futhi i-inverter ingasetshenziswa ukusebenza kwimodi ye-off-grid. Okwamanje, lesi simo sisetshenziswa kaningi emazweni athuthukile kwamanye amazwe.
3. Izimo zezinhlelo zokugcina amandla ze-photovoltaic ezikugridi
Uhlelo lokukhiqizwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic lokugcina amandla kugridi, olusebenza kwimodi yokuxhumanisa ye-AC ikakhulukazi lusebenzisa izingxenye zokugcina amandla ze-photovoltaic kanye ne-energy. Ngaphezu kokwandisa isilinganiso sesitoreji sokusatshalaliswa kwamandla e-photovoltaic esizikhiqizela sona kanye nesitoreji sokusatshalaliswa kwamandla e-photovoltaic esisekelwe emhlabathini, isitoreji samandla e-photovoltaic sezimboni nezentengiselwano, kanye nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingaba khona, uhlelo lunamandla okugcina ukukhiqizwa kwamandla okungaphezulu.
Amamojula eseli lelanga aqukethe i-photovoltaic array, ehambisana nebhethri, i-PCS yokulawula ukushaja/ukukhipha amandla, kanye nomthwalo odla amandla. Ezimweni lapho amandla elanga ehluleka khona amandla omthwalo, uhlelo lunikwa amandla ngokwengxenye ngamandla elanga kanye negridi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, lapho amandla elanga edlula amandla omthwalo, ingxenye yamandla elanga isetshenziselwa ukunikeza amandla kumthwalo, kuyilapho ingxenye esele igcinwa ngesilawuli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo lokugcina amandla lungasetshenziswa ekuphathweni kwesidingo, i-peak kanye ne-valley arbitrage, kanye nezinye izimo zokwandisa imodeli yenzuzo yesistimu.
Emakethe entsha yamandla yaseShayina, uhlelo lokugcina amandla oluxhunywe kugridi ye-PV luthole isithakazelo esikhulu njengesimo esikhulayo sokusetshenziswa kwamandla avuselelekayo. Ngokuhlanganisa idivayisi yokugcina amandla, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic, kanye negridi ye-AC, uhlelo lukhulisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla avuselelekayo.
4. Izimo zezinhlelo zokusebenza zesistimu yokugcina amandla yegridi encane
Ngenxa yokubaluleka kwayo njengedivayisi yokugcina amandla, uhlelo lokugcina amandla lwegridi encane luthatha isikhundla esivelele kakhulu ohlelweni lwamandla kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamandla amasha eShayina.
Njengoba amandla avuselelekayo ethola ukuthandwa kanye nentuthuko yesayensi nezobuchwepheshe iqhubeka nokuthuthuka, izimo zokusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zokugcina amandla zegridi encane ziyaqhubeka nokukhula. Lezi zimo zithinta kakhulu izici ezimbili ezibalwe ngezansi:
1). Uhlelo lokukhiqizwa kwamandla olusatshalaliswayo kanye nokugcina amandla: Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla okusatshalaliswayo kuphathelene nokubekwa kwemishini yokukhiqizwa kwamandla amancane eduze nomsebenzisi wokugcina, kusetshenziswa imithombo efana namandla omoya, i-solar photovoltaic, kanye neminye. Noma yimuphi ugesi osele okhiqizwayo ugcinwa ohlelweni lokugcina amandla, osebenza njengomthombo wamandla oyisipele ngezikhathi zokudingeka kukagesi okuphezulu noma ukungasebenzi kahle kwegridi.
2). Isipele samandla e-micro-grid: Ukuze uthole ugesi wendawo othembekile ezindaweni ezikude, eziqhingini, nakwezinye izindawo ezinokufinyelela okunzima kwe-grid, izinhlelo zokugcina amandla e-micro-grid zingasetshenziswa njengemithombo yamandla egciniwe.
Ngokusebenzisa ukuhambisana kwamandla amaningi, ama-micro-grid angenza ngcono ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ahlanzekile asatshalaliswe. Lokhu kuwenza akwazi ukunciphisa izici ezingathandeki njengomthamo olinganiselwe, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla okungathembekile, kanye nokunikezwa kwamandla okuzimele okungathembekile, ngenkathi futhi kuqinisekiswa ukusebenza okuphephile kwegridi enkulu yamandla. Ngenxa yalokho, ama-micro-grid asebenza njengesengezo esiwusizo kugridi enkulu yamandla. Ubukhulu bezimo zokusetshenziswa kwegridi encane bukhulu kakhulu, buqala kuma-kilowatts ambalwa kuya kuma-megawatts ayishumi, futhi ukuhlukahluka kokusetshenziswa okungenzeka kubanzi kakhulu.
Amaphethini okusetshenziswa kwesitoreji samandla e-photovoltaic abanzi futhi ahlukahlukene, ahlanganisa ama-micro-grid, izinhlelo ezingaphandle kwegridi, kanye nezinhlelo ezixhunywe kugridi. Ukusetshenziswa okungokoqobo kwamandla avuselelekayo kubonakala ngezinzuzo nezimfanelo ezihlukile zohlobo ngalunye lwesimo, ezihlinzeka abasebenzisi ngamandla athembekile nasebenzayo ndawonye.
Njengoba ubuchwepheshe be-PV buqhubeka nokuthuthuka futhi izindleko ziqhubeka nokwehla, ukugcinwa kwamandla e-PV kuzothatha isikhundla esibaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni lwamandla lwesikhathi esizayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuthuthuka kanye nokuqaliswa kwezimo ezahlukahlukene kuzokwenza kube lula ukuthuthuka okusheshayo komkhakha wamandla osafufusa waseShayina futhi kusize ekufezeni ukuguqulwa kwamandla kanye nentuthuko ephansi yekhabhoni, eqhubekayo nemvelo.
