Ukubuka konke
Kulo nyaka, iPakistan, izwe laseNingizimu Asia elinabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-200, livele njengemakethe entsha yezindawo zokuhlala zokugcina i-photovoltaic kanye nesitoreji samandla. Ngokufanayo naseNingizimu Afrika, ukukhula okusheshayo kwemakethe yokugcina i-photovoltaic kanye nesitoreji samandla ePakistan kuhlobene eduze nendawo yayo yemakethe kagesi ebuthakathaka.
Igridi kagesi yasePakistan ibilokhu ihlushwa ukunqamuka kukagesi kanye nokuphela kwawo, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokunganeli kwamandla okukhiqiza kanye nenethiwekhi yokudlulisa nokusabalalisa egugile enokulahlekelwa okukhulu kwezintambo. Ngesikhathi sokufunwa okukhulu, njengehlobo, igridi ayikwazi ukusingatha umthwalo, okwenza ukucima kukagesi kube yinto evamile.
Umnotho
Nakuba izinga lokukhula kwe-GDP yasePakistan liphezulu kakhulu, liphansi kakhulu kunezinye izimakethe ezisafufusa kanye nezomnotho ezisathuthuka. Ngokusho kwe-International Monetary Fund (IMF), i-GDP yasePakistan ifinyelele ku-$338.2 billion ngo-2023, ibekwe endaweni yama-43 emhlabeni jikelele, uma kuqhathaniswa nesifundazwe saseShanxi saseShanxi saseShayina.
Kusukela ngo-2000 kuya ku-2023, ukukhula kwe-GDP yonyaka ePakistan kube yisilinganiso esingu-5.5%. Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni eminingi, leli zinga lokukhula laliphansi kunelezinye izimakethe ezisafufusa kanye nezomnotho ezisathuthuka. Ngokuphathelene ne-GDP yomuntu ngamunye, igebe phakathi kwePakistan neNdiya engomakhelwane liye landa. Ngaphambi kuka-2007, i-GDP yomuntu ngamunye ePakistan yayiphakeme kancane kuneyaseNdiya, kodwa iNdiya iye yadlula iPakistan kakhulu kusukela ngaleso sikhathi.
Inani labantu
Njengoba inabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-200, iPakistan inabantu abaningi nabakhulayo. Ngokusho kweBhange Lomhlaba, inani labantu basePakistan lifinyelele cishe ezigidini ezingu-236 ngo-2022. Ukubalwa kwabantu kuzwelonke kuka-2023 kubonise ukuthi inani labantu likhule laya ezigidini ezingu-240, okwenza libe lesihlanu ngobukhulu emhlabeni. Inani labantu basePakistan belilokhu likhula kancane kancane kusukela ngo-1960, ngesilinganiso sokukhula saminyaka yonke esingu-1.65% kusukela ngo-2010.
Inani labantu liyintsha kakhulu futhi lineminyaka ephakathi nendawo, kanti isilinganiso somndeni singabantu abangaba ngu-6.4, ngokusho kwePakistan Bureau of Statistics ngo-2017.
Amandla
IPakistan ithembele kakhulu emithonjeni yamandla yendabuko kanye namandla kagesi aphuma emanzini, ngomthamo wokukhiqiza okhula njalo. Naphezu kokuba nemithombo ethile yegesi yemvelo kanye namalahle, iPakistan ingenisa iningi lokusetshenziswa kwayo kukaphethiloli. Kusukela ngo-2023, ngaphezu kwama-50% wamandla okukhiqiza afakiwe ePakistan avela ku-oyela, igesi yemvelo, kanye namalahle, kuyilapho amandla kagesi aphuma emanzini ebalelwa ngaphezu kwama-20%. Imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo isalokhu ilinganiselwe, lapho amandla omoya enza cishe ama-4% kanti amandla elanga ayi-1% kuphela.
Indawo ezungezile
Njengoba itholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo nezishisayo, iPakistan inesidingo esikhulu sikagesi, kanti ukusetshenziswa kwezindlu kubalelwa cishe ku-50% wesidingo sonke. Isimo sezulu sezwe, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziseningizimu, siqhuba ukusetshenziswa kukagesi okukhulu ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu okulinganiselwa ku-27°C (81°F) minyaka yonke, ikakhulukazi ehlobo.
Uhlelo Lwamandla
Umkhakha wamandla wasePakistan ubhekene nezinselelo ezinkulu, okuhlanganisa isikweletu esijikelezayo kanye nenethiwekhi yokudlulisela ethuthuka kancane kancane enokulahlekelwa okukhulu. Uhulumeni usekela lo mkhakha ngezimali kanye nezibonelelo, kodwa imboni ibhekene nezinkinga ngezikweletu ezijikelezayo ngenxa yamazinga aphansi okukhokha izikweletu, ukulahlekelwa okuphezulu kokudlulisela kanye nokusabalalisa, kanye nezibonelelo ezinganele zikahulumeni. Lezi zinkinga ziholela ekutheni igunya eliphakathi lokuthenga ugesi livame ukulibazisa izinkokhelo ezitshalweni zikagesi kanye negridi kazwelonke, okuholela enkingeni yesikweletu esiqhubekayo ngaphakathi kochungechunge lokunikezela.
Inethiwekhi yokudlulisa idatha esiphelelwe yisikhathi, eyasungulwa kakhulu ngawo-1970 nawo-1980, yenza lezi zinkinga zibe zimbi kakhulu ngamazinga ayo aphezulu okulahlekelwa.
Ukuguqulwa Kwamandla
IPakistan ibeka phambili ukuguquka kwamandla futhi isekela ukuthuthukiswa kwemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo njengamandla kagesi aphuma emanzini kanye namandla omoya. Ukukhiqizwa kukagesi ezweni kuncike kakhulu kumafutha angeniswa kwamanye amazwe, okwenza kube sengozini yokuguquguquka kwentengo kaphethiloli kanye nokutholakala kwawo. Ukuze kulungiswe lokhu, uhulumeni usebenzise izinqubomgomo ezifana neNqubomgomo Yokuthuthukiswa Kwamandla Avuselelekayo, Ukuhlela Kwamandla Ahlanganisiwe, kanye neNqubomgomo Yamandla Avuselelekayo Nalawo Avuselelekayo (2020). Lezi zinqubomgomo zihlose ukwandisa isabelo samandla avuselelekayo kanye nalawo ahlukile emakethe yamandla yasePakistan sibe ngu-20% ngo-2025 kanye no-30% ngo-2030.
Ngokuphathelene namandla elanga, igunya lokulawula amandla lasePakistan, i-NEPRA, likhuthaza ngenkuthalo amaphrojekthi e-photovoltaic ngokubhida okuncintisanayo, lethula amamodeli emakethe ukuze kube lula ukuthuthukiswa kwamaphrojekthi elanga.
