Njengengxenye ebalulekile yokukhiqizwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic, indima eyinhloko ye-inverter ukuguqula ugesi oqondile kusuka kumamojula e-photovoltaic ube ugesi oshintshanayo. Njengamanje, i-inverter evamile emakethe ihlukaniswe kakhulu nge-inverter ephakathi nendawo kanye ne-inverter yochungechunge lweqembu, kanye ne-inverter esatshalaliswa ngesitayela esisha.
Indlela esebenza ngayo:
· I-inverter yochungechunge: uchungechunge lwamaseli e-photovoltaic abe yi-DC input ene-voltage ephezulu, bese iguqulwa ibe yi-AC output.
· Ama-inverter ahambisanayo: amaseli amaningi e-photovoltaic axhunywe ngokuhambisanayo ukuze kwandiswe ugesi ophelele, bese uguqulwa ube umphumela we-AC.
· I-inverter yebhuloho: ukusetshenziswa kwesekethe yebhuloho ekuguqulweni kwe-dc-to-ac.
· I-inverter yemvamisa ephakathi nendawo: ngokuguqula okokufaka kwe-DC kube yi-AC yemvamisa ephakathi nendawo, okuguqulwa ku-transformer ukuze kutholakale umphumela we-AC ofiselekayo.
Ngokusekelwe ku-waveform yokukhipha:
· I-Sine wave inverter: umphumela uyi-sine wave emsulwa, efanele izidingo zekhwalithi yamandla zezinhlelo zokusebenza eziphezulu.
· I-inverter ye-sinusoidal eguquliwe: i-waveform yokukhipha iyi-waveform ye-sinusoidal eguquliwe, enezingxenye ezithile ze-harmonic ezisikiwe ezinhlelweni eziningi zasekhaya nezentengiselwano.
· I-inverter yamagagasi ayisikwele: i-waveform yokukhipha iyigagasi eliyisikwele, ilula futhi ishibhile, kodwa izokwethula ama-harmonics engeziwe.
· I-inverter yokuguquguquka kobubanzi be-pulse (PWM): ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-PWM obunemvamisa ephezulu ukukhiqiza i-waveform yokukhipha eseduze ne-sinusoidal.
Ngokusekelwe ezindaweni zokufaka isicelo:
· I-inverter ezimele: yezinhlelo ezizimele zokuphehla ugesi ezizimele ngaphandle kwegridi yamandla eyinhloko, njengokukhanyisa, ukunikezwa kukagesi, njll.
· I-inverter yelanga: xhuma amandla e-photovoltaic kugridi eyinhloko bese ufaka amandla amaningi kugridi uma engadingeki, bese uthola amandla anganele kugridi.
· I-inverter ye-Micro-grid: uhlelo lwe-micro-grid lungafinyelela ukuxhumana nokuphathwa, luzoba nemithombo yamandla ehlukene (njengelanga, umoya, njll.) kanye nomthwalo oxhunyiwe.
Lezi ezinye zezigaba ezivamile ze-solar inverter. Izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-inverter zinezici ezahlukene kanye nezimo ezifanele. Kubalulekile ukukhetha uhlobo lwe-inverter olufanele ngokuya ngezidingo ezithile kanye nezimo zokusetshenziswa.
Iyini i-solar inverter:
I-solar inverter isetshenziselwa ukuguqula i-direct current (DC) ekhiqizwa amaphaneli e-photovoltaic (amaphaneli elanga) ibe yi-alternating current (AC). Amaphaneli e-photovoltaic aguqula ukukhanya kwelanga kube yi-direct current, kanti i-solar inverter iguqula leyo direct current ibe yi-alternating current esivame ukuyisebenzisa ukunika amandla amakhaya, izimboni kanye nebhizinisi.
Imisebenzi eyinhloko ye-inverter yelanga yilena elandelayo:
1. Ukuguqulwa Kwamandla: ukuphuma kwephaneli yelanga ye-DC ibe amandla e-AC ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zegridi yamandla. I-Alternating current (AC) uhlobo lwamandla kagesi asetshenziswa empilweni yethu yansuku zonke kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezimboni.
2. I-grid-connected: yezinhlelo ze-photovoltaic ezixhunywe ku-grid, i-solar inverter ingafaka amandla amaningi ku-grid ukuze inciphise ukuthembela ku-grid futhi ikhiqize inani elithile lemali engenayo eku-inthanethi.
3. Ukuphathwa kwamandla: i-solar inverter ivame ukukwazi ukuqapha nokuphatha uhlelo lwe-PV, ukuqapha isimo, amandla kagesi, i-voltage, njll. yephaneli ye-PV ngesikhathi sangempela, ukunikeza abasebenzisi ikhono lokuqapha nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwezinhlelo ze-PV.
4. Imisebenzi Yokuvikela: i-inverter yelanga ivame ukuba nokuvikelwa kokudlula ngokweqile, ukuvikelwa kwesekethe esifushane, ukuvikelwa kokudlula kwamandla kagesi, ukuvikelwa kokungabi namandla kagesi, njll. ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile kohlelo lwe-PV.
Ngamafuphi, i-solar inverter idlala indima ebalulekile ezinhlelweni ze-photovoltaic, iguqula amandla okukhanya abe amandla ashintshanayo awusizo, okuvumela amandla elanga ukuthi asetshenziselwe ukuphakelwa kukagesi kanye nokufinyelela kugridi, ukufeza intuthuko esimeme kanye nemigomo yokonga amandla kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa komoya.
Izinto zokusetshenziswa eziyinhloko ze-inverter zifaka izigaba ezilandelayo:
1. Idivayisi ye-semiconductor: ingxenye eyinhloko ye-inverter yidivayisi ye-Power semiconductor, ngokuvamile esebenzisa i-power Transistor (IGBT) noma i-Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (MOSFET). Lawa madivayisi asetshenziselwa ukuguqula amandla kagesi kusuka ku-DC kuya ku-AC.
2. Ama-capacitor nama-inductor: ama-capacitor nama-inductor nawo asetshenziswa kuma-inverter ukugcina nokuhlunga amandla kagesi. Ama-capacitor enza kube lula i-voltage kanye ne-current yokuphuma, kuyilapho ama-inductor ehlunga umsindo we-high-frequency kanye nama-harmonics.
3. Isinki yokushisa kanye nezinto zokushisa: Idivayisi Yamandla ku-inverter izokhiqiza ukushisa okuningi, idinga isinki yokushisa kanye nezinto zokushisa ukuze yehlise izinga lokushisa ngempumelelo, iqinisekise ukusebenza okuvamile kwedivayisi. Ama-radiator ngokuvamile enziwa nge-aluminium noma ithusi ukuze anikeze indawo eyanele yokupholisa.
4. I-PCB (Ibhodi Lesekethe Eliphrintiwe): I-PCB iyisithwali sokufakwa nokuxhumeka kwezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ku-inverter, enokuqhuba kahle kukagesi kanye namandla omshini. Umklamo wesekethe ye-inverter uzosuselwa ezidingweni zamandla kanye nokwakheka kwesekethe kwezintambo nokuxhumeka okuhambisanayo.
5. Izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi nezesekethe: i-inverter idinga futhi ukusebenzisa izingxenye zesekethe ezahlukahlukene, njenge-diode, ama-resistors, ama-transformer, ama-fuse, izixhumi, njll. ukulawula isekethe, ukuvikela nokuxhuma.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, icala le-inverter livame ukwenziwa ngezinto zensimbi, njenge-aluminium alloy noma ipuleti lensimbi, elisetshenziselwa ukuhlinzeka ngokuvikelwa okuhle kwemishini kanye nokusebenza kahle kokushabalalisa ukushisa.
Lezi yizinto eziyinhloko zokusetshenziswa kwe-inverter, lezi zinto ekuklanyweni nasekukhiqizweni kwe-inverter zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza nokuthembeka kwe-inverter.
