Ngamunye wethu empilweni angazizwa isikhathi sokukhanya kwelanga ngonyaka oshintshile, isikhathi sokukhanya kwelanga sasehlobo side, isikhathi sokukhanya kwelanga sasebusika sifushane, lokhu endaweni yobude bosuku okushintsha njalo kwenzeka ngenxa yokujikeleza koMhlaba uzungeze ilanga okukhiqizwayo. ENyakatho Yezwekazi, lapho sihlala khona, usuku lude kakhulu ekwindla yasehlobo (cishe ngoJuni 22) futhi lufushane kakhulu ekwindla yasebusika (cishe ngoDisemba 22). Kusukela ekuweni kwelanga lasehlobo kuya ekuweni kwelanga lasebusika, izinsuku ziyafinyela, futhi kusukela ekuweni kwelanga lasebusika kuya ekuweni kwelanga lasehlobo, izinsuku ziya zinde. Kulabo abanemibuzo ngale ndlela, ungabuyekeza "uShift of the Sun's Direct Sunspot" uGiorgio Graffi akhulume ngakho ngaphambili.
Lokhu okungenhla kumayelana kakhulu nephethini yokushintsha kobude bosuku esifundeni ngonyaka, uma sifuna ukuqhathanisa isikhathi sokukhanya kwelanga esimaphakathi ezindaweni ezahlukene ngonyaka, lesi sibonakaliso sizothinteka yiziphi izici?
Okokuqala, kufanele sihlukanise phakathi kwemibono emibili yobude bosuku nesikhathi sokukhanya kwelanga, ubude bosuku bubhekisela kubude bosuku esifundeni, kufanele bulingane nomzuzu wokushona kwelanga ngaphandle komzuzu wokuphuma kwelanga, ukubalwa okuqondile kwengemuva le-GioGraffi kuzokwethulwa ngokuningiliziwe, okuwukuhlolwa okuvame kakhulu, kodwa futhi abafundi abaningi abakwazi ukunqoba ubunzima. Isikhathi sokukhanya kwelanga sibhekisela elangeni endaweni enamahora angempela, ikakhulukazi esetshenziselwa ukuchaza izimo zomkhathi noma izici zesimo sezulu sesifunda, ngakho-ke izici ezithinta isikhathi sokukhanya kwelanga ikakhulukazi yisimo sezulu, kunokuba kube yi-latitude, kumelwe sinake lokhu!
Ake sibheke amahora okukhanya kwelanga ajwayelekile ngonyaka eShayina, kusukela eshadini elilandelayo ungafingqa yimuphi umthetho? Futhi uthole ukuthi yiziphi izimo ezikhethekile?
Kusukela eshadini elingenhla, kuze kube ngu-2018 inani elimaphakathi lamahora okukhanya kwelanga lingabonakala, lilonke, inani elimaphakathi lamahora okukhanya kwelanga laseShayina elivezwe yi-mpumalanga kuya enyakatho-ntshonalanga liyanda, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yezindawo ezisogwini oluseningizimu-mpumalanga ezithintekile yimvula, imvula iyanda, isimo sezulu semvula sithinta inani lamahora okukhanya kwelanga, kanye ne-ntshonalanga yezwe esenyakatho-ntshonalanga yesimo sezulu esomile, imvula incane, inani lamahora okukhanya kwelanga lide. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abangani abaqaphile bangathola ukuthi amahora okukhanya kwelanga onyaka wonke e-Tibetan Plateau, ingxenye esentshonalanga ye-Inner Mongolian Plateau kanye nezinye izindawo angaba amahora angu-3,000, ngenxa yokuphakama okuphezulu, umoya omncane, nesimo sezulu esinelanga. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Sichuan Basin inamahora okukhanya kwelanga angaphansi kwe-1,000 ngonyaka, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokulinganiselwa kwendawo, umhwamuko wamanzi omningi, amafu amaningi kanye namahora okukhanya kwelanga amancane.
Okulandelayo, ake sibheke izinga lomhlaba wonke lamahora okukhanya kwelanga ajwayelekile ngonyaka. Yimaphi amadolobha athola ukukhanya kwelanga? Futhi yimaphi amadolobha angakuboni ukukhanya kwelanga unyaka wonke?
Amahora ayi-10 Aphezulu Okukhanya Kwelanga Kwaminyaka Yonke
01.Yuma, e-USA, amahora angama-4015.3 okukhanya kwelanga okuvamile ngonyaka
IYuma itholakala engxenyeni eseningizimu-ntshonalanga yesifundazwe sase-Arizona e-US, eduze neCalifornia, enesimo sezulu esomile kanye nemvula yaminyaka yonke engaphansi kuka-100mm, okwenza kube yidolobha elilodwa kuphela elinamahora angaphezu kuka-4,000 okukhanya kwelanga ngonyaka, okulingana nesilinganiso samahora angu-10.96 okukhanya kwelanga ngosuku. IYuma futhi inenye yemithombo yelanga ecebile kakhulu e-United States.
02.Massa Alam, eGibhithe, ilanga likhanya amahora angu-3,958 ngonyaka
IMassa Alam iyichweba elisogwini loLwandle Olubomvu, elinesimo sezulu esishisayo kakhulu sasehlane, esishisayo nesomile unyaka wonke, esinamafu ambalwa kanye nelanga elikhanyayo. Selokhu kwavulwa isikhumulo sezindiza samazwe ngamazwe sendawo ngo-2001, iMarsa Alam isibe yintandokazi entsha yababhukudi esifundeni soLwandle Olubomvu.
03.Calama, eChile, ilanga likhanya amahora angu-3926.2 ngonyaka
I-Calama idolobha elisenyakatho yeChile elisezintabeni ezisentshonalanga ye-Andes, amakhilomitha angu-21 kuphela ukusuka emayini yethusi evulekile yaseChuquicamata, endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angu-2,266 ngaphezu kolwandle, enesimo sezulu esomile kakhulu.
04. I-Dakhla Oasis, eGibhithe, ilanga elikhanya amahora angu-3,943.4 ngonyaka
Itholakala eSifundazweni SaseNew Valley saseGibhithe, i-Dakhla Oasis ingenye yezindawo eziyisikhombisa ezisogwadule lwaseNtshonalanga yaseGibhithe. Iziphethu ezishisayo ezingaphezu kuka-500, izihlahla zezithelo eziluhlaza, amadolobhana asele nemizi yasendulo, izindlu ezinhle ezibiyelwe ngodonga lwezitini zodaka kanye nezikhumbuzo ezahlukahlukene endaweni ziye zaba yindawo enkulu yokuheha izivakashi ezivela kuwo wonke umhlaba.
05. Phoenix, e-USA, amahora angama-3871.6 okukhanya kwelanga ngonyaka
Kokubili iPhoenix kanye neYuma esezingeni eliphezulu zitholakala e-Arizona, lapho iPhoenix nayo iyinhloko-dolobha. IPhoenix ihunyushwa nangokuthi iPhoenix, eyaziwa ngokuthi iHoozdo ngolimi lwesiNavajo, okusho indawo eshisayo. IPhoenix inesimo sezulu esomile esinokushisa okuphezulu kakhulu kwaminyaka yonke kunanoma yiliphi idolobha elikhulu e-US Ngokwesilinganiso, izinga lokushisa lidlula ama-degrees Fahrenheit angu-38 izinsuku ezingu-89 ngonyaka, cishe sonke isikhathi kusukela ngoJuni kuya kuSepthemba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, igama leqembu le-NBA elisePhoenix yi-"Phoenix Suns", okusho ukuthi libalele unyaka wonke.
06. IKitmanshoop, eNamibia, isilinganiso samahora okukhanya kwelanga ngonyaka angu-3870h
IKitmanshoop iyidolobha eliseningizimu yeNamibia futhi iyinhloko-dolobha yeSifunda saseKaras. Itholakala emaphethelweni oGwadule lwaseNamib, inesimo sezulu esomile esinemvula encane kanye namahora amade okukhanya kwelanga.
07. Las Vegas, e-USA, isilinganiso samahora okukhanya kwelanga ngonyaka angu-3825.3h
ILas Vegas idolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke esifundazweni saseNevada e-US kanye nedolobha lokugembula elidumile emhlabeni wonke. ILas Vegas itholakala onqenqemeni logwadule lwaseNevada e-United States futhi izungezwe yizintaba eziphakeme ezingamamitha ayi-1000-3000. ILas Vegas inesimo sezulu esivamile sasehlane ehlobo, kanti amazinga okushisa emini avame ukufika cishe ku-38°C futhi afike ku-45°C noma ngaphezulu.
08. I-Tucson, e-USA, isilinganiso samahora okukhanya kwelanga ngonyaka angu-3806h
I-Tucson iyidolobha lesithathu ohlwini oluvela esifundazweni sase-Arizona esiseningizimu ye-US, esitholakala endaweni yesigodi esiwugwadule esizungezwe izintaba ezinhlangothini ezintathu. Ukoma konyaka wonke kanye nokukhanya kwelanga okukhulu kuye kwaheha izivakashi eziningi isikhathi eside, ikakhulukazi intuthuko esheshayo yemboni yomhlalaphansi emelelwe yisikhungo sokwelapha, futhi abantu abaningi asebekhulile abavela enyakatho-mpumalanga ye-US bathenge izindawo eTucson. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iDavis-Monthan Air Force Base itholakala endaweni yedolobha.
09. IHarij, eGibhithe, isilinganiso samahora okukhanya kwelanga ngonyaka angu-3790.8
IHarij iyindawo enkulu kunazo zonke eNtshonalanga YaseGibhithe, enamanxiwa amathempeli kusukela ngekhulu lesihlanu BC. Iyindawo edumile yezivakashi eGibhithe. Isimo sezulu esomile unyaka wonke, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ezolimo, kwakhiwe izinhlelo zokunisela, kuthuthukiswe inhlabathi, futhi kuthuthukiswe ezolimo.
10. El Paso, e-USA, isilinganiso samahora okukhanya kwelanga ngonyaka angamahora angu-3762.5
I-El Paso itholakala engxenyeni esentshonalanga yesifundazwe saseTexas e-US. Igama ledolobha, i-El paso, liyiSpanishi elisho "i-The Pass", elibhekisela emabhange ahlanzwe yiRio Grande. Isimo sezulu somile, sinomhwamuko omncane wamanzi kanye nefu elincane elimbozwe yiwo.
Okulandelayo: Abayishumi Abaphezulu Bokungaliboni Ilanga
01. I-Totoro, eColombia, isilinganiso samahora okukhanya kwelanga ngonyaka singu-637h
ITotoro itholakala eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeColombia, ngaphansi komthetho womnyango weCauca, lapho isimo sezulu sishisa futhi sinomswakama unyaka wonke, kanye nemvula yaminyaka yonke engaphezu kwamamilimitha ayi-1,500.
02. ITórshavn, Iziqhingi zaseFaroe, isilinganiso samahora okukhanya kwelanga ngonyaka angu-840h
I-Tórshavn iyinhloko-dolobha yeziQhingi zaseFaroe, futhi igama lomuzi lingahunyushwa ngokuthi "iThor's Harbor", igama likankulunkulu wokuduma kwezulu ezinganekwaneni zaseNorse. IziQhingi zaseFaroe zinemvula eningi kanye nesimo sezulu esinamafu unyaka wonke ngenxa yemimoya yasentshonalanga kanye nokuhlangana kwemisinga efudumele nebandayo, okwenza ukukhanya kwelanga kube yinto yokunethezeka kancane eziQhingini zaseFaroe.
03. I-Chongqing, eShayina, isilinganiso samahora okukhanya kwelanga ngonyaka angu-954.8
I-Chongqing, umasipala omncane kunabo bonke eShayina, waziwa ngokuthi "iDolobha Lezintaba" kanye "neDolobha Lemifula". I-Chongqing inezintaba, kanti izintaba zingaphezu kwezingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zendawo yayo yonke, futhi inesimo sezulu semvula esingaphansi kwezindawo ezishisayo esinemvula eningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uMfula i-Jialing e-Chongqing Chaotianmen ungena eMfuleni i-Yangtze, okuqukethwe umhwamuko wamanzi. Inhlanganisela yezici yenza i-Chongqing ibe nenkungu, futhi inani lamahora okukhanya kwelanga liphansi ngokufanayo.
04. I-Dixon, eRussia, amahora okukhanya kwelanga ajwayelekile angamahora angu-1164.3 ngonyaka
Itholakala eduze komlomo woMfula iYenisei ku-73°N, iDixon ithintwa yisimo sezulu sase-Arctic, esinezinyanga eziyi-10 zobusika minyaka yonke. Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi ilanga alikho izinyanga ezimbili, kodwa futhi ngenxa yesimo sezulu esibandayo, esimanzi kanye namafu aphezulu, ilanga alibonakali njalo uma likhona.
05. IMalabo, e-Equatorial Guinea, isilinganiso sokukhanya kwelanga ngonyaka singu-1176.7h
IMalabo iyinhloko-dolobha yase-Equatorial Guinea futhi itholakala esiqhingini esinentaba-mlilo esizungezwe ulwandle kanye nasesifundeni se-equator, esinesimo sezulu sasemanzini esishisayo, ngakho-ke iMalabo inemvula eningi kanye namahora okukhanya kwelanga aphansi kakhulu ngonyaka.
06. I-Buenaventura, eColombia, isilinganiso sokukhanya kwelanga ngonyaka 1178h
IBuenaventura iyichweba elikhulu kunawo wonke eColombia kanye nedolobha elibaluleke kakhulu ogwini lwePacific lwezwe. Itholakala esiqhingini saseCascajal eGulf of Buenaventura, idolobha lixhunywe nezwekazi ngebhuloho futhi liyindawo ebalulekile yokuhweba kwamanye amazwe eColombia. Ngenxa yendawo yalo ogwini oluseduze ne-equator, isimo sezulu sifudumele futhi sinomswakama kanye nemvula ephezulu.
07. ILima, ePeru, isilinganiso samahora okukhanya kwelanga ngonyaka angu-1230h
ILima iyinhloko-dolobha yasePeru futhi ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili: idolobha elidala kanye nedolobha elisha. ILima yaziwa emhlabeni wonke njengedolobha elingenamvula, elingenazimvula, umbani noma iziphepho unyaka wonke, futhi iqhwa neqhwa akukaze kuzwakale. Nakuba kungekho mvula, amahora okukhanya kwelanga ajwayelekile eLima aphansi ngokumangalisayo, futhi ezinye izazi zicabanga ukuthi kuhlobene nokungcoliswa komoya okubangelwa intuthuko enkulu yezimboni eLima.
08. Ushuaia, e-Argentina, isilinganiso samahora okukhanya kwelanga ngonyaka angu-1281.2h
I-Ushuaia itholakala eningizimu ye-Argentina, amakhilomitha angu-3,200 ukusuka eBuenos Aires, inhloko-dolobha yezwe, kodwa amakhilomitha angu-800 kuphela ukusuka e-Antarctica, idolobha eliseningizimu kakhulu emhlabeni, elaziwa nangokuthi ukuphela komhlaba. I-Ushuaia iyindawo ekahle yokuqalisa uhambo nokunikeza kabusha izimpahla zohambo kanye nohambo oluya e-Antarctica. Ngenxa yendawo yayo eWesterly Wind Belt, ebhekene nemimoya yasentshonalanga kanye nokukhukhuleka kwasentshonalanga unyaka wonke, i-Ushuaia ibanda futhi imanzi unyaka wonke, futhi ukukhanya kwelanga kunzima ukukuthola.
09. Reykjavik, e-Iceland, amahora okukhanya kwelanga ajwayelekile angu-1,326h ngonyaka
I-Reykjavik iyinhloko-dolobha yase-Iceland, kanye nedolobha lokuqala nechweba lokuqala kuleli zwe. Itholakala ku-64°N, i-Reykjavik iseduze kakhulu ne-Arctic Circle, kodwa ithonywe yi-North Atlantic Warm Current futhi inesimo sezulu esiphansi. Kodwa-ke, ugu, kanye nobuningi bemithombo ye-geothermal, kuholela ekugcwaleni kwamanzi amaningi phezu kwedolobha laseReykjavík, okuthinta amahora okukhanya kwelanga.
10. IBogotá, eColombia, isilinganiso samahora okukhanya kwelanga ngonyaka angu-1328h
IBogotá iyinhloko-dolobha yaseColombia futhi ingenye yamadolobha akhula ngokushesha kakhulu emadolobheni esifundeni saseLatin America. Uhlelo lwe-Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) lwaseBogotá ludumile emhlabeni wonke futhi lulingiswa yizifunda eziningi. IBogotá iseduze ne-equator, kodwa itholakala endaweni enezintaba enesimo sezulu esipholile. NjengeChongqing, amahora okukhanya kwelanga ajwayelekile eBogotá aphansi kakhulu.
