He tirohanga whānui ki ngā ariā matua o ngā pūtake hiko photovoltaic
Te whakarōpūtanga pūnaha ki ngā rōpū
E rua ngā momo pūnaha photovoltaic: ko ērā e mahi ana me te kore e hono ki te whatunga hiko, me ērā e mahi ana.
1. E mōhiotia ana hoki te pūnaha PV motuhake he kōwhiringa kore-whatunga. Ko te waeine pūtau rā, he motuka, me te kaiwhakaemi ngā wāhanga matua o te pūnaha. Me whakarite e koe he kaitahuri AC hei whakakaha i te kawenga e whakamahi ana i te aukume whakawhiti (AC). Kei roto i ngā tipu photovoltaic motuhake he whānuitanga o ngā pūnaha hiko motuhake, pērā i ngā pūnaha hiko kāinga rā, ngā pūnaha hiko kāinga tuawhenua, me ngā pūnaha hiko photovoltaic me ngā pākahiko rokiroki. Ka taea e ēnei pūnaha te mahi takitahi, ā, he maha ngā mea e whakamahia ana, pērā i te whakakaha i ngā tohu whakapā, te tiaki i ngā cathode, me te whakamārama i ngā tiriti ki te hiko rā.
2. Mā te kōwhiringa hiko i runga i te whatunga ka huri te hiko iahiko tika e hangaia ana e ngā panera rā ki te hiko iahiko tauutuutu e mahi tahi ana me te whatunga hiko o te tāone. Mā tēnei ka taea te hono tika ki te whatunga tūmatanui. Ka kiia pea ēnei he waeine "hono-whatunga", ā, tera pea he pākahiko, kāore rānei. Ko te pūnaha hiko e hono ana ki te whatunga hiko me ngā kaiwhakaemi hiko he ngāwari te whakarite kia hono atu, kia momotu rānei i te whatunga hiko ina hiahiatia. Ko ngā pūnaha PV hono-whatunga mō ngā kāinga he maha ngā kaiwhakaemi hiko. Ko ngā pūnaha nui ake, i tētahi atu taha, he maha ngā pūnaha PV hono-whatunga kāore he kaiwhakaemi hiko, kāore e taea te whakarite, ā, kāore he hiko tārua. Ko ngā tipu hiko photovoltaic nui e hono ana ki te whatunga hiko ā-motu ka whakamahia mō te hanga hiko iahiko hono-whatunga. Ko te hiko mai i ēnei tipu ka haere tika ki ngā kāinga me ngā pakihi mā te whatunga hiko. Ko te whakatakoto moni ki tēnei momo tipu hiko, i tētahi atu taha, he nui te utu, he roa te wā ki te hanga, he nui te wāhi e pau ana, ā, kāore i kitea he ahunga whakamua i ēnei rā. Ko te nuinga o ngā PV hono-pūnaha he PV hono-pūnaha iti noa iho, he rite ki ngā panera rā kua hangaia ki roto i ngā whare. Nā te mea he iti noa te moni e hiahiatia ana hei hanga, he tere te mahi, he iti noa te pānga, ā, he kaha te tautoko tōrangapū.
Ngā wāhanga o te taputapu
Kei roto i te pūnaha hiko photovoltaic he huinga hiko pūngao rā, he pākahiko rokiroki, he kaiwhakahaere utu me te tukunga, he kaitahuri hiko, he pouaka tohatoha AC, he pūnaha whakahaere aroturuki pūngao rā, me ētahi atu wāhanga nui.
Ko etahi taputapu e mahi ana i tenei ara:
Pūrere hiko o te rā
Mā te mārama, pērā i te rā, i ētahi atu pūtake mārama rānei, ka tangohia e te pūtau te pūngao, ka puta he utu tauhou ki ngā pito e rua. Ko te ingoa mō tēnei ko te "ngaohiko whakaahua-whakaputa". He tokomaha e kī ana i tēnei pānga ko te pānga whakaahua-hiko. Kia huri ai te mārama hei hiko, me noho he kaha hiko i waenganui i ngā pito e rua o te pūtau rā. Ko te ingoa mō tēnei ko te pānga rā. He māmā ake te huri i te pūngao ki tētahi atu mea mā te āwhina o ngā pūtau rā. E toru ngā momo pūtau silicon e hangaia ana i ngā pūtau rā: ngā pūtau rā silicon kore-āhua, ngā pūtau rā silicon poly-crystalline, me ngā pūtau rā silicon mono-crystalline.
He pākahiko e penapena ana i te hiko
Ina whakakāhia te huinga pūtau rā, ka taea e te tauira whaipainga te penapena i te pūngao e hangaia ana e ia, ka tukuna atu ki te kawenga i ngā wā katoa o te rā. Kia taea ai e ngā pūtau rā te whakaputa pūngao, me iti te utu, me roa te wā e mau ai, me tere te utu, ā, me iti noa te tiaki e hiahiatia ana. Me taea hoki e rātou te mahi i roto i ngā pāmahana whānui.
Ngā mana whakahaere mō te utu me te tukunga
Ki te kore he āwhina mai i a koe, ka taea e tēnei taputapu te aukati i te tere o te utu, te mimiti rānei o te pākahiko. Ko te maha o ngā wā me te hohonu o te mimiti o te pākahiko e whakatau ana i te roa o tōna ora. Koia te mea nui kia whai i tētahi aroturuki utu me te mimiti hei ārai i te nui rawa, i te iti rawa rānei o te mana o te pākahiko.
Ko te AC te ritenga kē o te DC, ā, ka hurihia e te whakaputa hiko te DC hei AC.
He mea e huri ai te iahiko tika ki te iahiko hurihuri. Ko te kawenga he AC, engari ko ngā pūtau rā me ngā pākahiko he DC, nō reira me whai pana. I runga i tā rātou mahi, ka taea te wehewehe i te kaitahuri ki ngā rōpū e rua: he kaitahuri rā e mahi takitahi ana, me tētahi e hono ana ki te whatunga hiko. Mena ka whakamahia e koe ngā pūtau rā anake hei hanga hiko, ka taea e koe te whakakaha i tētahi kawenga rerekē me tētahi kaihanga hiko motuhake. Ko te kaitahuri rā e hono ana ki te whatunga hiko te mea e mahi tahi ai te pūnaha hiko rā me te whatunga. E rua ngā momo o ngā kaitahuri: ngā kaitahuri ngaru sine me ngā kaitahuri ngaru tapawhā. He māmā, he iti hoki te utu ki te hanga i tētahi ara iahiko kaitahuri ngaru tapawhā, engari he nui te wāhanga harmonic. Ko ngā hiahia harmonic o ētahi rau watts, iti iho rānei, koia te mea e whakamahia ana. He utu nui ngā kaitahuri ngaru sine, engari ka taea e rātou te whakakaha i te maha o ngā mahi rerekē.
He taputapu e whakahaere ana i te aroturuki o te rā
Ka rerekē te koki o te mārama o te Rā i te tau katoa i te putanga mai me te tōnga o te rā i te kōanga, te raumati, te ngahuru, me te takurua. Nā te mea kei te tūnga pūmau ngā pūnaha. Kia pai ai te mahi, me anga tonu ngā pūtau rā ki te rā. I tēnei wā, me whakamahi te taputapu aroturuki Rā i tōna roa me tōna whānui hei whakatau i te koki o te Rā i ngā wā rerekē o te tau. Me ētahi atu, ka pupuri te PLC, te microcontroller, te pūmanawa rorohiko rānei i te taunga o te Rā i ngā wā katoa o te tau. Ka mahia tēnei mā te tatau i te taunga o te Rā hei whakatutuki i te aroturuki. Ka whakamahia te ariā raraunga rorohiko, ā, me whai raraunga me ngā tautuhinga roa me te whānui o te whenua. Kia oti te whakatū, ehara i te mea ngāwari te neke, te tango rānei; me tautuhi anō ngā raraunga me ngā tawhā i ia wā. He uaua ngā mātāpono, ngā ara iahiko, ngā hangarau, me ngā taputapu, ā, kāore e taea e te hunga ehara i te tohunga te whakarerekē ngāwari. Ka taea te whakanoho i ngā aroturuki rā atamai ki runga i ngā motuka me ngā tereina tere, tae atu ki ngā kaipuke, ngā ope taua, ngā waka ohorere whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, me ngā waka pakanga motuhake. Ka taea e te aroturuki rā atamai te whakarite kia noho tonu te pūnaha i te huarahi tika me te Rā ahakoa te wāhi e haere ana, te āhua rānei e tahuri ai.
Ngā mea ka taea e koe te mahi me te hiko o te rā
Ko te pānga photovoltaic o te taunekeneke semiconductor te kaupapa o te whakaputa hiko photovoltaic (PV). Ka hurihia te mārama hei hiko. Ko te pūtau rā te wāhanga tino nui. Ka taea te hanga i ngā kōwae rā nui mā te whakanoho i ngā pūtau rā ki te rarangi me te tiaki i a rātou. Kātahi ka taea te whakakotahi i ēnei kōwae me ngā kaiwhakahaere hiko me ētahi atu wāhanga hei hanga i tētahi taputapu whakaputa hiko photovoltaic. He pai ake te PV nā te mea ka taea te whakamahi i ngā wāhi maha atu nā te mea e whiti ana te rā ki ngā wāhi katoa. Ko ētahi atu painga o te pūnaha PV he haumaru, he pono hoki, kāore e haruru, kāore hoki e poke, kāore e whakamahi wahie, ā, ka taea te whakatū i ngā taura ki te papaanga, ka tere ake te tukanga hanga. Ka whakamahia e te mana photovoltaic ngā pūtau rā hei huri tika i te rā hei hiko, i runga i te whakaaro o te pānga photovoltaic. Ko te nuinga o te pūnaha hiko photovoltaic he mea hanga mai i ngā panera rā (e kiia ana ko ngā kōwae), ngā kaiwhakahaere, me ngā kaitahuri. Ka taea te whakamahi takitahi, te hono rānei ki te whatunga hiko. Nā te mea he hiko te nuinga o ēnei wāhanga, ehara i te mea miihini, he tino pai te hanga o ngā taputapu PV, he pono, he roa te mau, he ngāwari hoki te whakatū me te pupuri. Ka taea te whakamahi i te hangarau photovoltaic mō ngā mea katoa, mai i te whakakaha i ngā waka mokowhiti ki ngā kāinga, mai i ngā kēmu ki ngā tipu hiko megawatt-tauine, me ētahi atu.
Ko ngā pūtau rā, e wātea ana i roto i ngā anga angiangi pērā i te mono-crystalline silicon, te poly-crystalline silicon, te amorphous silicon, me ngā pūtau kiriata angiangi, koia ngā wāhanga tino taketake o te photovoltaic rā. I tēnei wā, ko ngā pākahiko tioata kotahi me te poly-crystal ngā pākahiko amorphous tino rongonui mō ngā pūnaha iti me te hiko tārua rorohiko.
