Ko te tikanga e mōhiotia ana ko te whakaputa hiko photovoltaic ka huri tika i te pūngao mārama ki te hiko mā te whakamahi i te pānga photovoltaic i te atanga semiconductor. Ko te panera pūtau solar (kōwae), te kaiwhakahaere, me te inverter ōna wāhanga matua e toru. Ko ngā wāhanga hiko te nuinga o ōna wāhanga matua. Ka hangaia he kōwae pūtau solar whānui-rohe mā te hono i ngā pūtau solar i roto i te raupapa, te whakakākahu i a rātou hei tiaki, me te tāpiri i ngā kaiwhakahaere hiko me ētahi atu wāhanga hei hanga i tētahi taputapu whakaputa hiko photovoltaic.
1. He aha te tukanga whakaputa hiko o te rā?
Ko te whakaputa hiko photovoltaic te tukanga e huri tika ai te pūngao o te rā ki te hiko hiko.
Ko te mana photovoltaic te huarahi tino rongonui mō te hanga hiko o te rā i tēnei wā. Nō reira, e kiia ana te mana o te rā ko te whakaputa hiko photovoltaic.
2. Me pēhea te whakaputa hiko e ngā pūtau pūngao rā?
Ko te pūtau photovoltaic te momo taketake o te waeine whakaputa hiko photovoltaic, he taputapu haurua-ira e huri tika ana i te mārama me te hiko mai i te pūngao hihi o te rā ki te iahiko tika.
Mā te tāpiri i te silicon tioata ki ngā huānga motuhake (pērā i te phosphorus, te boron, me ērā atu) ka puta he taurite tonu i roto i te utu ngota ngota o te rauemi, ka hua ake he rauemi haurua-ira me ngā āhuatanga hiko ahurei e kawenga ana mō ngā āhuatanga hiko motuhake o ngā pūtau photovoltaic.
Ina pāngia e te rā, ka taea e ngā haurua-ārahi he āhuatanga hiko ahurei te whakaputa i ngā utu kore utu. Ina kati ngā pito, ka kohikohi ngā utu kore utu ka neke ki tētahi ahunga, ka puta he pūngao hiko.
3. He aha ngā painga o te whakaputa hiko photovoltaic?
1). Whānuitanga
Ka whiti te rā ki te mata o te whenua, ā, ka taea te whakamahi me te whakamahi ahakoa te wāhi whenua—whenua, moana, maunga, whenua papatahi rānei. Ahakoa te rerekētanga o te wā me te kaha o te whitinga, he whānui te horapa, ā, kāore e pāngia e te rangi, e te wāhi rānei.
2). Te Oranga Tonu me te Mutunga Kore
He nui te kaha karihi e whakaputaina ana e te rā i tēnei tere hei whakakaha i te rokiroki hauwai mō ngā tekau piriona tau. I runga i te kino o te taiao o ēnei rā, he puna pūngao ma, he puna pūngao whakahou, he mutunga kore te pūngao o te rā.
3). Ngā wāhi tāutanga ka taea te whakarerekē
He painga te tuanui tuwhera nā te mea kāore e pāngia e te ahunga o te whare, ka taea ai e te mārama te tae ki roto mō ngā wā roa, ā, ka whakaitihia hoki te pokanoa o te atarangi. Haunga te whakanoho ki runga i ngā tuanui o ngā whare noho, ka kitea anō hoki te whakaputa hiko photovoltaic i roto i ngā whare ahumahi, ka whakamahia te hiko o te rā hei whakaputa pūngao hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia hiko o te whare. Mā te whanaketanga o te hangarau photovoltaic tohatoha tuanui ka taea hoki te whakatika pai i te take o te whakamahinga hiko puta noa i te rohe i roto i te horopaki o te whakahoutanga taiwhenua.
4). Kakariki
He mea noa, he nui ake te hiko e pau ana i ngā oro pouaka whakaata teitei ake me ngā mata kanapa ake. Ehara i te mea ko te whakaiti i te kanapa me te oro anake ka tiaki i ngā kanohi me ngā taringa, engari ka penapena hoki i te hiko.
5). Whakapai ake i te haumarutanga pūngao o te whenua
Mā te whakaiti i te whakawhirinaki o te tangata ki te whakaputa hiko mō ngā wahie pūmua, ka taea e ia te whakapai ake i te haumarutanga o te pūngao ā-motu, ā, ka ārai i ngā raruraru pūngao me te kore pumau o te mākete wahie. Ka taea tēnei mā te whakamahi i te whakaputa hiko photovoltaic.
6). Te iti rawa o ngā whakapaunga tiaki me te whakahaere
He pakari, he pono hoki te whakahaere o te whakaputa hiko photovoltaic, ā, kāore he wāhanga tuku miihini. Ina honoa ki te whakamahinga whānui o te hangarau whakahaere aunoa, ka taea e te huinga pūnaha whakaputa hiko photovoltaic te whakaputa hiko mō te roa o te wā e whai ana i te waeine pūtau solar. Ko te hua o tēnei he iti noa ngā utu tiaki ka taea te whakatutuki me te kore he tirotiro.
4. He aha ngā momo kaupapa whakaputa hiko o te rā e wātea ana?
Ka taea te whakarōpū i ngā kaupapa PV hei "tohatoha" hei "pokapū" rānei, i runga i tō rātou tahora.
Tohatoha: Ko ngā tipu hiko photovoltaic o tētahi rahi motuhake e whakatūria ana ki te wāhi o te kaiwhakamahi, e hono ana rānei ki te whatunga hiko, e kiia ana ko ngā tipu hiko photovoltaic tohatoha. Ka taea e tēnei momo tipu hiko te tuku hiko tika ki ngā tāngata e tata ana, ā, ka whakairihia ki te whenua, ki te pakitara, ki te tuanui rānei.
Pokapū: e whakamahia ana i ngā wāhi whānui pērā i ngā maunga me ngā koraha. Mā te whakamahi i ētahi panera photovoltaic, i ngā pūnaha aroturuki pūngao rā rānei, ka kohia e tēnei momo tipu hiko te pūngao o te rā, ka hurihia hei hiko ka tukuna ki ngā kaihoko e noho tawhiti ana i te wāhi hanga hiko.
Ngā tipu hiko photovoltaic whakauru-whare: Ka hangaia ēnei mā te whakakotahi i te hangarau whakaputa hiko o te rā me te hoahoa o te whare, ka waiho te pūnaha rā hei wāhanga nui o te hanganga. Ka taea te whakairi i tēnei momo tipu hiko ki runga i te taupee o te whare, te pakitara ārai, te tuanui, me ētahi atu wāhi rānei.
Ka taea hoki te wehewehe i ngā tipu hiko PV ki ngā rōpū e whai ake nei i runga i ngā āhuatanga hangarau me ngā horopaki tono:
Te whakamahinga kāinga o te teihana hiko PV: e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā whare noho, he pūnaha whakaputa hiko PV tohatoha iti. Hei whakatutuki i ō rātou hiahia hiko, ka taea e ngā kaipupuri whare te tāuta i ngā panera rā ki runga i ō rātou tuanui me te whakaputa pūngao hou.
Ngā teihana hiko PV arumoni: kei waenganui i ngā teihana hiko PV pokapū me ngā teihana hiko PV whare noho te rahi, ā, he pai mō te whakamahi i roto i ngā whare arumoni, ngā papa ahumahi, me ētahi atu wāhi.
Ngā tipu hiko photovoltaic taiwhenua: e whakamahia ana i ngā rohe taiwhenua, e whakarato ana i te pūngao ma ki ngā kaimahi pāmu, ā, e aro ana ki te take o te korenga o te hiko.
Ngā tipu hiko photovoltaic taiwhenua: e whakamahia ana i ngā rohe taiwhenua, e whakarato ana i te pūngao ma ki ngā kaimahi pāmu, ā, e aro ana ki te take o te korenga o te hiko.
Teihana hiko PV o ngā whare tūmatanui: e whakaahua ana i te whakamahinga o te hangarau whakaputa hiko o te rā i ngā wāhi e noho ana te marea, pēnei i ngā taunga pahi, ngā kura, me ngā hōhipera.
Teihana hiko photovoltaic mānu: Ko tēnei momo pūnaha whakaputa hiko e whakamahia nuitia ana i roto i ngā puna wai, ngā roto, me ētahi atu tinana wai kei reira ngā panera photovoltaic e tāutahia ana ki te mata o te wai.
5. He aha te mea e waiho ai te pūngao photovoltaic hei pūtake pūngao iti-waro, matomato hoki?
E ai ki ngā hua rangahau mai i te World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), mā te tāuta i tētahi pūnaha whakaputa hiko photovoltaic 1 kW ka taea te whakaputa i te 1200 kWh o te hiko i roto i te tau, ka whakaiti i te whakamahinga o te waro (waro paerewa) mā te 400 kg pea, ā, ka whakaiti i ngā tukunga hauhā waro mā te 1 tana pea. He nui ngā painga o te whakaputa hiko photovoltaic ki te pūngao, ki te tiaki taiao, me te ōhanga. Ko tētahi o ngā pūngao matomato kounga teitei rawa atu i tō tātou whenua.
Ko te whakawhanake i ngā pūtake pūngao hou, pērā i te whakaputa hiko photovoltaic, tētahi o ngā huarahi whai hua ki te whakatika i ngā take taiao pērā i te kohu me te ua waikawa. E ai ki ngā hua rangahau mai i te World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), ko te tāuta i tētahi pūnaha whakaputa hiko photovoltaic kotahi mita tapawha he rite ki te whakato i te 100 mita tapawha o ngā rākau.
