Hei whakatenatena i te whakawhiti o ngā hanganga pūngao me te whawhai ki te huringa āhuarangi, he mea nui te umanga photovoltaic—he wāhanga iti o te pūngao whakahou. Kei te haere te umanga photovoltaic (PV) i tēnei wā i tētahi wā o te pūmanawa whanaketanga kāore i kitea i mua nā te whanaketanga tonu o te whenua hangarau me te pikinga o te hiahia o ngā kaihoko.
I waenganui o te rautau 20, i te wā i angitu ai te hanga o ngā pūtau rā, ka hangaia te umanga PV. I roto i ngā tekau tau kua pahure ake nei, kua nui te ahunga whakamua i roto i te rāngai photovoltaic (PV), ā, kua hua ake te whanaketanga o ngā hua hou maha, tae atu ki ngā pūtau rā kiriata angiangi, te silicon polycrystalline, me ngā pūtau rā silicon monocrystalline tuatahi. He rerekē, kua heke haere te utu o te whakaputa hiko PV nā te whakapainga o te whai huatanga o te waeine PV, ā, ka taea e ia te whakataetae ki ngā puna pūngao whakahou rerekē.
Ahakoa te tupu nui o te umanga hiko PV, kāore i te kore ngā wero me ngā arai. Ko tētahi o aua āhuatanga ko te iti o te whenua hei mahi māra. Ko tētahi āwangawanga nui i ngā rohe he iti ngā rauemi whenua ko te nui o te wāhi e hiahiatia ana e ngā tipu hiko PV nui. I runga i tēnei, me rangahau ētahi atu tikanga tono PV hei whakanui ake i te whakamahinga o te whenua e wātea ana.
He whakamahinga auaha o te hangarau PV te pūnaha whakaputa hiko PV tohatoha. Ina whakairihia ki runga i ngā momo mata, tae atu ki ngā pakitara me ngā tuanui, ka whakaputa tika ngā kōwae photovoltaic solar (PV) i te hiko mai i te rā, ka tohatoha atu ki ngā whare mā te pūnaha whakaputa hiko PV tohatoha. He maha ngā painga o tēnei tauira, arā: i te tuatahi, ka arotau i te whakamahinga o te mata o te whare, me te whakaiti i te noho o ngā rauemi whenua; tuarua, ka whakarei ake i te whai huatanga o te whakamahinga pūngao me te whakaiti i ngā mate tuku whatunga; tuatoru, ka whakaputa hiko ma, ka taea te whakahou, me te whakaiti i te whakawhirinaki ki ngā wahie pūmua tuku iho.
Ko ngā pūnaha whakaputa hiko PV tinana mānu he momo tono PV auaha anō, hei tāpiri atu ki ngā pūnaha whakaputa hiko PV tohatoha. Ka whakatūria he pūnaha whakaputa hiko PV tinana mānu mā te whakapiri i ngā kōwae photovoltaic ki te mata o te wai mā te whakamahi i tētahi papa mānu. Ko ngā painga o te tauira koia ēnei: tuatahi, ka arotau i te whakamahinga o te mata o te wai, kaua ki te hiahia rauemi whenua; tuarua, ka whakarei ake i te whakaputa hiko mā te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o ngā kōwae photovoltaic nā te pānga whakamatao o te wai; tuatoru, ka whakaiti i te whakawhirinaki ki ngā wahie pūmua tuku iho, me te whakarato hiko ma, whakahou.
Hei tāpiri atu ki ētahi atu tauira tono PV hou. Ko tētahi tauira o tēnei ko te tauira ahuwhenua PV, e whakamahi ana i ngā waeine PV hei whakaputa hiko me te whakatipu kai i te wā kotahi. Hei tāpiri, mā te whakaurunga o te pūnaha rokiroki pūngao PV o te hangarau rokiroki pūngao me te hangarau whakaputa hiko PV ka taea te whakarato i te pūngao hiko tonu mēnā ka motu te hiko o te rā. Kua puta ake ngā huarahi hou me ngā tirohanga mō te whakawhānui roa o te umanga PV mai i te whakaurunga o ēnei momo tono hou.
He mea nui te tautoko a te kāwanatanga me te ārahi i ngā kaupapa here mō te whakawhanaketanga o ngā momo tono PV hou. Tērā pea ka tautoko te kāwanatanga i te whakawhānui ake i te umanga PV mā te whakatinanatanga o ngā kaupapa here me ngā ture pai, te whakarato i ngā tautoko pūtea me ngā painga tāke, me te tango i ngā whanaketanga hangarau tāpiri. I tēnei wā, ka taea e te tautoko a te kāwanatanga mō te rangahau pūtaiao me te auahatanga hangarau te āwhina i te ahunga whakamua me te whakawhānui ake i te hangarau photovoltaic.
He mea nui te mahi tahi me te mahi tahi o te ao whānui ki te whakawhānui ake i te umanga PV. He mea nui kia mahi tahi ngā whenua, kia tohatoha rauemi me ngā mōhiohio, kia tautoko hoki i te whakawhānui auaha o te umanga PV. Me aro atu tātou ki ngā wero pūngao me te taiao e pā ana ki a tātou hei hapori o te ao kia tutuki ai te whanaketanga pumau.
