Kāore te rokiroki pūngao photovoltaic i rite ki te whakaputa hiko hono-pūnaha, hei whakanui ake i te pākahiko, me ngā taputapu utu me te tuku pākahiko, ahakoa ka piki ake te utu o mua ki te 20-40%, engari he whānui ake te whānuitanga o te tono. E ai ki ngā tono rerekē, ka wehea te pūnaha rokiroki pūngao photovoltaic solar me te pūnaha whakaputa hiko ki te pūnaha whakaputa hiko kore-pūnaha, me te pūnaha rokiroki pūngao kore-pūnaha, te pūnaha rokiroki pūngao hono-pūnaha me te momo pūnaha hiko ranu moroiti me ētahi atu momo e whā.
Pūnaha whakaputa hiko photovoltaic waho-whatunga
Pūnaha whakaputa hiko photovoltaic waho-whatunga (Off-Grid Photovoltaic Power Generation), me ngā pūtau rā kua whakauruhia ki roto i te tātaitai, te whakamahinga māmā o te tinana o te mataaratanga hiko, me te papa rā, he taputapu utu māmā, te pākahiko i runga i te hanganga o te pūnaha whakaputa hiko photovoltaic māmā rawa atu, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia tēnei taputapu e ngā hepara hei kawe i te pūhiko mō te reo irirangi me te rama ahiahi. Inaianei kei reira anō hoki ngā pūhiko rā kawe.
Ngā pūnaha rokiroki pūngao e hono ana ki te whatunga me ngā pūnaha rokiroki pūngao i waho o te whatunga
Ko te pūnaha photovoltaic e ai ki te tono tūturu o te momo, ko te pūnaha rokiroki pūngao waho-whatunga e tohuhia ana e te whakaputa hiko hono-whatunga, engari ko te rokiroki pūngao, me te mahi takitahi waho-whatunga, i roto i ētahi wāhi arumoni, nā te iti o te kaha o te pūnaha photovoltaic whakawhiti i tukuna e te mana kāore e whakaaetia kia haere ki te ipurangi ki te hoko hiko, engari me hoki ki te kore pumau o ngā whatunga hiko rohe, ā, kei reira anō hoki ngā wāhi o te utu Ipurangi he iti rawa te utu hiko kotahi-whakamahinga he teitei, he nui te rerekētanga utu tihi me te awaawa, ka tāutahia ngā tipu hiko photovoltaic ki ēnei wāhi. He pai mō te whakamahi i te pūnaha rokiroki pūngao i runga i te whatunga me waho-whatunga.
E whā ngā huarahi matua hei whiwhi moni mā te pūnaha rokiroki pūngao photovoltaic me te pūnaha rokiroki pūngao waho-kupenga:
1. Mā te whakamahi i te hiko photovoltaic ki te kawenga, ka taea e koe te whakarite i te utu o te putanga hiko teitei, me te whakaiti i ngā utu hiko.
2. Utuhia i te wā kore-pīki, ā, tukua te utu i te wā pīki, mā te whakamahi i te rerekētanga utu pīki me te utu awaawa hei whiwhi hua.
3. Kāore e taea te ipurangi, ka taea te tāuta hei ārai i te pūnaha rere whakamuri ina nui ake te mana PV i te mana kawenga, kāore e taea te whakamahi i te mana ki te rokiroki pākahiko.
4. Ka mutu te whatunga hiko, ka hurihia te pūnaha ki te aratau kore-whatunga, ka haere tonu te pūnaha PV ki te whakaputa hiko, ka haere tonu te pūnaha ki te mahi hei puna hiko tārua, hei puna hiko photovoltaic me te pākahiko ki te kawenga mā te inverter.
Ki te whakataurite ki te pūnaha whakaputa hiko e hono ana ki te whatunga hiko, me te pūnaha kore-whatunga hiko e whakanui ake ana i te kaiwhakahaere utu/tuku me te pākahiko, kua piki ake te utu o te pūnaha mā te 30% pea, engari he whānui ake te whānuitanga o te tono. Tuatahi, ka taea te whakatakoto ki te whakaputa i te mana kua whakatauria i te tihi o te utu hiko hei whakaiti i te pire hiko; tuarua, ka taea te utu i te hekenga o te utu hiko ka tukuna i te tihi hei whiwhi moni mā te whakamahi i te rerekētanga i waenga i te utu tihi me te hekenga; tuatoru, ina kore te hiko o te whatunga hiko, ka mahi tonu te pūnaha PV hei pūtake hiko tārua, ā, ka taea te huri i te inverter ki te aratau kore-whatunga hiko, ā, ka taea te tuku i te PV me ngā pākahiko ki te kawenga mā te inverter.
Pūnaha rokiroki pūngao photovoltaic e hono ana ki te whatunga
Ka taea e ngā pūnaha whakaputa hiko photovoltaic me te rokiroki pūngao hono-pūnaha te penapena i te whakaputanga hiko taikaha, ka whakapiki ake i te ōwehenga o te whakaputa-ake me te whakapau-ake. Ka whakamahia ēnei pūnaha i ngā wā kāore e taea te whāngai i te whakaputa-ake me te whakapau-ake PV ki te Ipurangi, he nui ake te utu o ngā taripa tihi i ngā reiti taumata ngaru, ā, he nui ake te utu o ngā taripa whakapau-ake i ngā taripa whāngai. Kei roto i te pūnaha he huinga tapawhā photovoltaic kei roto ko ngā kōwae pūtau solar, he kaiwhakahaere solar, he pēke pākahiko, he kaitahuri hono-pūnaha, he taputapu kimi au, he kawenga, me ētahi atu wāhanga. Ka penapena te kaiwhakahaere i ētahi o te pūngao solar, ā, ka tukuna ētahi ki te kawenga ina nui ake te mana solar i te mana kawenga. Ka whakakahangia te pūnaha e te huinga o te whatunga me te pūngao solar ina kore e ranea te mana solar hei whakakaha i te kawenga. Whai muri i te tangohanga o ngā tahua photovoltaic, ka taea te tāuta i ngā pūnaha rokiroki pūngao hono-pūnaha i mua i te tāutanga o ngā pūnaha solar i ētahi whenua me ngā rohe, ka taea ai te whakaputanga mana photovoltaic kia tino whakaputa-ake me te whakapau-ake. Ka taea te whakamahi i te taputapu rokiroki hiko e hono ana ki te whatunga me ngā inverter mai i ngā kaihanga rerekē me te pupuri tonu i te whirihoranga taketake. Ina kitea e te pūoko iahiko te rere o te iahiko ki te whatunga, ka whakahohehia te taputapu rokiroki hiko e hono ana ki te whatunga, ka penapena i te hiko nui i roto i te pākahiko, ā, ki te kī te pākahiko, ka whakahohehia te whakamahana wai hiko. Ka taea te whakarite i te pākahiko ki te tuku hiko ki te kawenga mā te inverter ina piki ake te kawenga o te whare i te pō.
Pūnaha whatunga iti mō te rokiroki pūngao
Ko te pūnaha whatunga iti he huinga tapawhā pūtau-rā, he kaitahuri hono-matapihi, he kaitahuri rua-aronga PCS, he pana whakawhiti atamai, he pēke pākahiko, me te whakaputa hiko. kawenga, me ētahi atu. Ina he mārama, ka hurihia e te huinga photovoltaic te pūngao rā ki te hiko. Kātahi ka whakamahia te kaitahuri hei whakakaha i te kawenga, me te kaitahuri rua-aronga PCS hei utu i te kete pākahiko. Ina kore he mārama, ka whakamahia e te pākahiko te kaitahuri rua-aronga PCS hei whakakaha i te kawenga. Ko te whatunga iti te otinga tino whai hua hei whakarite i te haumaru o te whatunga hiko nā te mea ka taea e ia te whakamahi i te oati o te pūngao ma tohatoha me te whakaiti i ngā ngoikoretanga o te kaha iti, te mana whakaputa kore e taea te matapae, me te iti o te pono o te tuku hiko motuhake. Ko te mahi haumaru o te pūnaha he tāpiringa whai hua ki te whatunga hiko nui. Ka taea e ngā whatunga iti te āwhina nui i ngā pakihi tuku iho ki te whakahou ake i runga i te ōhanga me te tiaki taiao. E ai ki ngā tohunga he rerekē ngā tono whatunga iti, ā, ka rerekē te rahi mai i te torutoru kilowatts ki te tekau megawatts. Ka taea te hoahoa i ngā whatunga iti mō te iti o te whare kotahi ki te nui o ngā ahumahi, ngā maina, ngā kamupene, ngā hōhipera, me ngā kura.
I te mutunga o Oketopa 2020, i whakaaetia e te Whakahaere Pūngao ā-Motu te whakatinanatanga o te "Waehere Whai Hua o te Pūnaha Hiko PV", e whakawātea ana i te ōwehenga kaha o ngā teihana hiko photovoltaic, me te ōwehenga kaha e taunakitia ana kia tae ki te 1.
Whai wāhitanga:Ka piki haere tonu ngā tukunga mō ngā waeine PV ā-rohe mō te wā roa, ā, ka piki ake anō hoki ngā tukunga mō ngā inverter. Mā te tohatoha nui rawa atu ka taea te whakatutuki i te LCOE iti rawa, te whakapai ake i te IRR o te kaupapa me te whakateretere i te whakatairanga i te ōritetanga.
Wero:Te whakarērea o te māmā me te piki me te heke o te kaha ōrite me te kaha taumaha o te inverter whakaputa hiko PV.
I te whakatūnga o tētahi pūnaha paerewa umanga rokiroki pūngao pakari, he maha ngā hononga taputapu e pā ana ki te pūnaha rokiroki pūngao, he rerekē te mahi a ngā mekameka ahumahi, he ahi me ētahi atu aituā te aukati matua e pā ana ki te whanaketanga o te rokiroki pūngao.
Whakamāramahia te tūnga mākete motuhake o te rokiroki pūngao, ka taea te whakakotahi i ngā whakaurunga rokiroki pūngao me te hiko photovoltaic, te hiko wera me ētahi atu pūtake hiko katoa, hei whai wāhi atu ki ngā ratonga nekehanga tihi me te nekehanga auau o te pūnaha hiko, me te whiwhi moni whiwhi, engari hei hinonga mākete motuhake anō hoki.
Me tukutahi te tautoko kaupapa here kanorau, pumau hoki, me te tautoko kaupapa here ahumahi mō te rokiroki pūngao ki te whakatairanga i te mākete, me te whakatinana i ngā kaupapa here ahumahi kanorau mō ngā āhuatanga tono rerekē.
Ka haere te whanaketanga pūngao o Haina ā muri ake nei mā te tukanga mai i te waro nui ki te waro iti ki te kore waro, ka tīmata haere te pūngao hou i te mara o te hiko mai i te whakakapinga piki haere ki te whakakapinga taonga, kia oti ai te taha kaiwhakamahi o te rokiroki pūngao + pūngao hou. Ko te taha whakaputa hiko o te rokiroki pūngao + te ōritetanga pūngao hou. E matapaetia ana i te tau 2035, ka nui ake i te 30% o te ranunga pūngao ngā puna pūngao hou pēnei i te photovoltaics, e tautoko ana i te ia piki o te kai pūngao me te kore e piki ake ngā tukunga waro.
Ahakoa ko te tipu rokiroki pūngao kua tāutahia ki te tauira tuku, ko te tohatoha hiko rānei, ahakoa he pae tiritiri teihana mara pūngao whakahou, he urunga motuhake rānei ki te tipu rokiroki pūngao whatunga, ko te nuinga o ēnei he hua mai i te mākete hiko, te kanorau aratau.
Ko te ahunga whanaketanga o te pūngao hou ki te pūngao hou ma, he pūnaha rokiroki pūngao hou, i roto i te ahua o te rokiroki hau me te rā huri noa i te ao hei tīmata haere i ngā whakaaturanga. Ko te rokiroki pūngao e tautoko ana i te photovoltaic, te mana hau hei kawe mai i te pānga ōhanga o te pumau tonu, te whakahaere i te hau me te whakarerenga mārama, me ētahi atu, kua hua mai he whakapainga pai.
