Ko te whānui haere o te kaha hono whatunga o te photovoltaic ki te hiko me te pānga o te whatunga kua puta mai, kua waihangahia he āhuatanga pai ake mō te whanaketanga o te rokiroki pūngao.
He rerekē te rokiroki pūngao photovoltaic i te whakaputa hiko e hono ana ki te whatunga hiko nā te mea e whakamahi ana i ngā pākahiko hei rokiroki me ngā taputapu hei utu me te tuku i ngā pākahiko; ka nui ake te haumitanga tuatahi, engari ka whānui ake te whānuitanga o ngā tono ka taea. I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka whakaatuhia e mātou e whā ngā horopaki tono rokiroki pūngao PV + e rite ana ki ngā tono rerekē: ngā horopaki tono rokiroki pūngao PV i runga i te whatunga hiko, ngā horopaki tono rokiroki pūngao PV i waho o te whatunga hiko, ngā horopaki tono pūnaha rokiroki pūngao whatunga-ranu, me ngā horopaki tono rokiroki pūngao whatunga-iti PV.
1. Te horopaki mō ngā tono rokiroki pūngao PV i waho o te whatunga
Kei te piki haere te whakamahinga o ngā pūnaha rokiroki me te whakaputa hiko mai i waho o te whatunga hiko photovoltaic i ngā rohe maunga tūhāhā, ngā rohe kore hiko, ngā moutere, ngā teihana whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, me ngā rama tiriti, me ētahi atu wāhi ka taea e rātou te whakahaere motuhake me te kore e whakawhirinaki ki te whatunga hiko.
He huinga PV, he kaitahuri PV, he rokiroki pākahiko, me te kawenga hiko te pūnaha. Ina mārama, ka hurihia e te huinga photovoltaic te pūngao o te rā hei pūngao hiko, ā, i te wā kotahi ka tukuna te hiko ki te kawenga mā te mīhini whakauru mana whakamuri, ka utua te pākahiko; ina kore he mārama, ka whakakahangia e te pākahiko te kawenga AC mā te kaitahuri.
"Ko ngā pūnaha whakaputa hiko photovoltaic waho-pūnaha he mea hanga motuhake mō te whakatinanatanga ki ngā rohe kāore he pūnaha hiko, he maha rānei ngā motuhanga hiko. Ka whakahaerehia ēnei pūnaha i roto i te momo "rokiroki me te whakamahi" "rokiroki tuatahi kātahi ka whakamahi", he rite ki te tuku waro mā roto i te hukarere." "Te hukarere kua uru ki roto i te waro" I ngā rohe kāore he pūnaha hiko, he maha rānei ngā motuhanga hiko e pā ana ki ngā whānau, he tino whai hua ngā pūnaha kore-pūnaha.
2. Ngā horopaki mō ngā tono rokiroki pūngao whatunga-pūngao PV
E whakamahia whānuitia ana ngā pūnaha rokiroki hiko ranu-pūnaha PV i ngā wā e maha ana ngā motumotu hiko. Mā ngā utu nui e pau ana i a koe anō ka ārai i ngā toenga hiko ki te Ipurangi; he nui ake te utu o ngā utu tihi i ngā utu o te awaawa me ērā mō ngā tono rerekē.
Ko ngā huinga hiko photovoltaic kei roto ko ngā kōwae pūtau solar, ngā mīhini whakauru hiko solar kore-whatunga me ngā mīhini hono-whatunga, ngā kete pākahiko, ngā kawenga, me ētahi atu wāhanga e hanga ana i te pūnaha. I te aroaro o te māramatanga, ka hurihia e te huinga hiko photovoltaic te pūngao solar hei pūngao hiko, ka utua te pēke pākahiko i te wā e tukuna ana te hiko ki te kawenga mā te inverter whakahaere solar; ina ngaro te māramatanga, ka utua e te pākahiko te inverter whakahaere solar, ā, muri iho ka tukuna te hiko ki te kawenga AC.
Mā te whakaurunga o ngā kaiwhakahaere utu/tuku hiko me ngā pākahiko ki roto i te pūnaha hono-pūnaha me waho-pūnaha ka piki ake te utu katoa mā te 30%-50% ki te whakataurite ki te pūnaha whakaputa hiko hono-pūnaha. Heoi, mā tēnei whakanui ake ka whānui ake ngā tono pea o te pūnaha. Tuatahi, ka taea te whirihora i te pūnaha PV kia whakaputa hiko i tōna kaha kua whakaritea i ngā wā e nui ana te tono hiko kia whakaitihia ai ngā utu hiko. Tuarua, ka taea te utu i te pūnaha PV i te wā mahi waho-pūnaha me te tuku hiko i te wā e tino hiahiatia ana te hiko, me te whakamahi i te rerekētanga utu i waenga i ngā wāhanga tino me ngā wāhanga awaawa. Hei whakamutunga, mēnā kāore e wātea te pūnaha, ka mahi te pūnaha PV hei pūtāhui hiko tārua, ā, ka taea te whakakore i te inverter kia mahi i roto i te aratau waho-pūnaha. I nāianei, he maha ake te whakamahinga o tēnei āhuatanga i ngā whenua whakawhanake o tāwāhi.
3. Ngā horopaki mō te tono pūnaha rokiroki pūngao photovoltaic i runga i te whatunga
He pūnaha whakaputa hiko photovoltaic rokiroki pūngao i runga i te whatunga, e mahi ana i roto i te aratau hononga AC e whakamahi ana i ngā wāhanga photovoltaic me te rokiroki pūngao. Haunga te whakanui ake i te ōwehenga o te rokiroki whaiaro-whakaputa me te tohatoha photovoltaic whenua, te rokiroki pūngao photovoltaic ahumahi me te arumoni, me ētahi atu tono pea, kei te pūnaha te kaha ki te penapena i te whakaputa hiko toenga.
Kei roto i ngā kōwae pūtau rā te huinga photovoltaic, e tāpirihia ana e te kete pākahiko, te PCS kaiwhakahaere utu/tuku, me te kawenga e pau ana te hiko. I ngā wā ka iti iho te kaha o te rā i te kaha o te kawenga, ka whakakahangia te pūnaha e te pūngao rā me te whatunga hiko. I tetahi atu taha, ina nui ake te kaha o te rā i te kaha o te kawenga, ka whakamahia tetahi wāhanga o te pūngao rā hei tuku hiko ki te kawenga, ko te toenga ka rongoatia mā te kaiwhakahaere. Hei tāpiri, ka taea te whakamahi i te pūnaha rokiroki pūngao i roto i te whakahaere tono, te whakatau tata ki te tihi me te awaawa, me ētahi atu āhuatanga hei whakanui ake i te tauira hua o te pūnaha.
I roto i te mākete pūngao hou o Haina, kua nui te aro ki te pūnaha rokiroki pūngao e hono ana ki te whatunga PV hei whakamahinga pūngao hou. Mā te whakauru i tētahi taputapu rokiroki pūngao, te whakaputa hiko photovoltaic, me tētahi whatunga AC, ka whakanuia e te pūnaha te whakamahinga o te pūngao hou.
4. Ngā horopaki mō ngā tono pūnaha rokiroki pūngao whatunga-iti
Nā te mea he mea nui tēnei pūnaha rokiroki pūngao, kei te piki haere te tūranga o te pūnaha rokiroki pūngao moroiti i roto i te whanaketanga o te pūnaha hiko me te pūngao hou o Haina.
I te mea kei te piki haere te rongonui o te pūngao hou, me te haere tonu o ngā whanaketanga pūtaiao me te hangarau, kei te tipu haere tonu ngā horopaki tono mō ngā pūnaha rokiroki pūngao moroiti. Ko te nuinga o ēnei horopaki e pā ana ki ngā āhuatanga e rua kua whakarārangihia i raro nei:
1). Pūnaha whakaputa hiko tohatoha me te rokiroki hiko: Ko te whakaputa hiko tohatoha e pā ana ki te whakatakotoranga o ngā taputapu whakaputa hiko iti ki te taha o te kaiwhakamahi whakamutunga, mā te whakamahi i ngā puna pēnei i te pūngao hau, te pūngao hiko o te rā, me ētahi atu. Ko te hiko tāpiri ka rongoatia ki roto i tētahi pūnaha rokiroki hiko, hei pūngao hiko tārua i ngā wā e nui ana te hiahia hiko, e motu ana rānei te whatunga hiko.
2). Te pūrua hiko whatunga iti: Mō te pūtake hiko ā-rohe pono i ngā wāhi tūhāhā, i ngā moutere, me ētahi atu wāhi he uaua te uru atu ki te whatunga, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā pūnaha rokiroki hiko whatunga iti hei pūtake hiko rahui.
Mā te whakamahi i te whakakotahitanga maha-pūngao, ka taea e ngā whatunga-iti te whakapai ake i te whakamahinga o te kaha o te pūngao ma kua tohatohahia. Mā tēnei ka taea e rātou te whakaiti i ngā āhuatanga kino pēnei i te iti o te kaha, te whakaputa hiko kore pono, me ngā pūtake hiko motuhake kore pono, me te whakarite hoki i te mahi haumaru o te whatunga hiko nui ake. Nō reira, he mea nui ngā whatunga-iti hei tāpiringa ki te whatunga hiko nui ake. He nui ake te whānuitanga o ngā horopaki tono whatunga-iti, mai i te torutoru kirowati ki te tekau megawati, ā, he whānui ake te whānuitanga o ngā whakatinanatanga ka taea.
He whānui, he rerekē hoki ngā tauira whakamahinga mō te rokiroki pūngao photovoltaic, tae atu ki ngā whatunga iti, ngā pūnaha waho-whatunga, me ngā pūnaha hono-whatunga. Ko ngā tono mahi o te pūngao whakahou e tohuhia ana e ngā painga me ngā āhuatanga ahurei o ia momo horopaki, e whakarato tahi ana i te hiko pono me te whai hua ki ngā kaiwhakamahi.
I te haere tonu o te whanaketanga o te hangarau PV me te heke haere o ngā utu, ka nui ake te tūranga o te rokiroki pūngao PV i roto i te pūnaha pūngao o te heke mai. I taua wā anō, mā te whakatairanga me te whakatinanatanga o ngā āhuatanga rerekē ka āwhina i te tere o te whanaketanga o te rāngai pūngao hou o Haina, ā, ka āwhina i te whakatutukitanga o te panoni pūngao me te whanaketanga iti-waro, pumau hoki mō te taiao.
