Ndi kukula kwachuma chobiriwira mdziko lathu, kupanga mphamvu zamagetsi za mono crystalline silicon/poly crystalline silicon photovoltaic ndi ukadaulo wa BIPV wopyapyala zikukula. Kapangidwe ka zitsulo kali ndi ubwino waukulu kuposa mitundu ina ya nyumba pankhani ya ntchito, kapangidwe, kapangidwe, ndi mtengo wake wonse. Chifukwa chake, kupanga ndikupanga mtundu watsopano wa kapangidwe kachitsulo ka photovoltaic kuti kalowe m'malo mwa kachitidwe kokhazikitsa chitsulo kamene kali pano ndikofunikira kwambiri.
1. Mtundu wa chitsulo cha bulaketi yachitsulo cha dzuwa
Chitsulo chopangidwa ndi zinthu zopepuka komanso chitsulo chopangidwa ndi zinthu zazing'ono zimagwiritsidwa ntchito posankha chitsulo chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake osavuta komanso mphamvu yochepa ya PV ya dzuwa.
Chitsulo chopepuka: Mawu awa amatanthauza chitsulo chozungulira, chitsulo chaching'ono, ndi chitsulo chopyapyala. Chitsulo chopyapyala chikagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chinthu chothandizira, chingagwiritse ntchito bwino mphamvu ya chitsulo ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyika chimango chonse. Pakadali pano, chitsulo chopyapyala cha dziko lonse poyerekeza ndi chithandizo cha dzuwa, chitsanzo chosankha ndi chochepa, kotero mitundu ina yachitsulo chopyapyala ikufunika kuti igwirizane ndi chitukuko chachangu chamakampani opanga mphamvu za dzuwa. Ma purlin achitsulo chopyapyala nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi mbale zachitsulo zopyapyala za 1.5-5mm zokutira zomwe zimapangidwa mozizira kapena zozizira kuti apange zinthu zachitsulo zopyapyala zokhala ndi magawo osiyanasiyana ndi mainchesi.
Poyerekeza ndi chitsulo chotenthedwa ndi moto, utali wozungulira wa chitsulo chotenthedwa ndi moto ukhoza kuwonjezeka ndi 50-60%, ndipo nthawi yochepa komanso nthawi yotsutsa ya chigawocho ikhoza kuwonjezeka ndi nthawi 0.5-3, koma chifukwa chitsulo chotenthedwa ndi moto chimakonzedwa kwambiri mufakitale, pakufunika mabowo obowola bwino kwambiri ndi mapanelo a photovoltaic pambuyo pa dzenje lobowola. Chifukwa chitsulocho ndi chaching'ono, zida zimakhala zovuta kugwira ntchito, ndipo kumanga kumakhala kovuta kwambiri pambuyo pa batani lobowola lokonzedwa ndi fakitale, kumatha kuviika galvanizing dzimbiri, ndikusamutsa kupita kumalo oyika. Pakadali pano, mapanelo ambiri apakhomo sangalumikizidwe mwachindunji ndi kukhazikitsa chitsulo chotenthedwa ndi moto ndipo ayenera kumangiriridwa ku nyumba ina yothandizira (monga chosindikizira).
Photovoltaic yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mawonekedwe a I-type, H-type, L-type ndi zosowa zosiyanasiyana za mapangidwe a magawo opingasa, ndipo nthawi zambiri imapangidwa ndi chitsulo chopangidwa ndi kaboni kapena chitsulo chotsika cha alloy, chomwe ndi chosavuta kumanga komanso chotsika mtengo. Njira zopangira zinthuzi ndizosiyanasiyana, ndi chitsulo chogwiritsidwa ntchito pagawo la welding chomwe chimasankhidwa ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana a mbale yachitsulo, malinga ndi zofunikira pa kapangidwe ka chitsulo chopangidwa ndi mawonekedwe a welding fakitale, njira iyi yopangira ikhoza kuwerengedwa malinga ndi mphamvu zomwe zili m'magawo osiyanasiyana a polojekiti ya photovoltaic, ndipo mbale yachitsulo yokhala ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana ingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'magawo osiyanasiyana, zomwe ndizomveka kuposa mphamvu yomwe ili pa mbale yachitsulo yotenthedwa kamodzi.
2. Zofunikira pakugwira ntchito kwa zinthu zachitsulo zomwe zimathandizira mphamvu ya dzuwa, zinthu zachitsulo zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa ziyenera kukhala ndi magwiridwe antchito otsatirawa:
1). Kulimba kwa mphamvu yokoka ndi kukolola. Kulemera kwakukulu kungachepetse gawo la zitsulo, kuchepetsa kulemera kwa zomangamanga, kusunga chitsulo, ndikuchepetsa ndalama zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kulimba kwakukulu kwa mphamvu yokoka kungalimbikitse chitetezo cha nyumba ndikuwonjezera kudalirika kwake.
2). Kulimba ndi kukana kutopa. Kulimba bwino kwa kapangidwe kake kungapangitse kuti kapangidwe kake kasinthe kwambiri kasanagwe, zomwe zimathandiza ogwira ntchito kuzindikira ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zowongolera nthawi yake. Kulimba bwino kwa kapangidwe kake kungagwiritsidwenso ntchito kusintha kupsinjika kwa malo, ngodya ya kukhazikitsa kwa solar panel, kugwiritsa ntchito kukakamiza kukhazikitsa, ndi kulimba kwa kapangidwe kake kuti kapange kugawa kwa mphamvu zamkati, kotero kuti kapangidwe kake kapena zigawo zina za kuchuluka kwa kupsinjika koyambirira kwa kapangidwe kake kamakhala kofanana, ndikukweza mphamvu yonse yonyamula katundu wa kapangidwe kake. Kulimba bwino kumalola kapangidwe kake kuti katenge mphamvu zambiri kakawonongeka ndi katundu wogunda, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa malo opangira magetsi m'chipululu ndi malo opangira magetsi padenga omwe ali ndi mphepo yamphamvu. Kulimba bwino kwa kutopa kungapangitsenso kapangidwe kake kukhala kolimba kwambiri ku kusiyanasiyana kwa kuthekera kopirira katundu wobwerezabwereza wa mphepo.
3). Liwiro la kukonza. Kugwira ntchito kozizira, kugwira ntchito kotentha, ndi kusinthasintha zonse ndi zitsanzo za kugwira ntchito bwino. Aluminiyamu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito muzinthu zachitsulo za photovoltaic siyenera kungopangidwa mosavuta m'zinthu zosiyanasiyana, komanso iyeneranso kupangidwa m'njira yoti mphamvu, pulasitiki, kulimba, ndi kukana kutopa zisawonongeke.
4). Kutalika kwa ntchito. Popeza nthawi yopangira makina a solar PV ndi zaka zoposa 20, mphamvu yabwino yolimbana ndi dzimbiri ndi chizindikiro chofunikira cha ubwino wa makina omangira. Ngati nthawi yomathandizira ndi yochepa kwambiri, idzawononga kukhazikika kwa kapangidwe kake konse, kukulitsa nthawi yobwezera ndikuchepetsa phindu lonse la polojekitiyi.
5) Mogwirizana ndi zomwe zanenedwa kale, chitsulo chopangidwa ndi dzuwa chiyenera kukhala chosavuta kugula, kupanga, ndi kugulitsa.
3.Kuwunika kwaukadaulo kwa zitsulo za dzuwa zoyambira zatsopano
Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa pogwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chozungulira pakali pano kukukumana ndi mavuto ambiri, chifukwa chachikulu ndichakuti ubwino wa chitsulo si wofanana pakadali pano, kuyika kumafuna kuboola kwakukulu pamalopo, koma pambuyo poboola chitsulocho chimakhala chosavuta kuchita dzimbiri, kotero mtundu watsopano wa bulaketi umafunika kuti ulowe m'malo mwa bulaketi zachitsulo chozungulira izi kuti uchepetse dzimbiri ndikuwonjezera nthawi yogwira ntchito.
Kapangidwe kake ka mphamvu yatsopano ya dzuwa ndi motere:
1). Dongosolo la zomangamanga zothandizira zitsulo zopangidwa ndi makoma opyapyala zopangidwa ndi makoma opyapyala zopangidwa ndi makoma opyapyala zopangidwa ndi makoma opyapyala. Chitsulo chopyapyala zopangidwa ndi makoma opyapyala zopangidwa ndi makoma opyapyala zopangidwa ndi makoma opyapyala zopangidwa ndi makoma opyapyala zopangidwa ndi makoma opyapyala zopangidwa ndi makoma opyapyala zopangidwa ndi makoma opyapyala zopangidwa ndi makoma opyapyala zopangidwa ndi makoma opyapyala zopangidwa ndi makoma opyapyala zopangidwa ndi makoma opyapyala zopangidwa ndi makoma opyapyala opangidwa ... pamalo ogwirira ntchito.
2). Dongosolo lopangira zitsulo zopangidwa ndi fakitale. Chimango chachitsulo chokonzedwa kale chokhala ndi ma purlin chingapangidwe ndikukhazikika pamalopo chisanaphatikizidwe ndi mapanelo kuti apange gulu lonse la PV. Zofunikira pakuyika kwa bulaketi iyi yachitsulo ndi zapamwamba kwambiri, chitsulo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chapamwamba kwambiri, njira yochizira pamwamba ndi yabwino, ndipo kulumikizana koyambirira ndi opanga zinthu za photovoltaic ndikofunikira kuti pakhale kusonkhana kopambana.
3). Dongosolo lothandizira kapangidwe ka photovoltaic pakhoma lokhala ndi chimango cha beam-column. Ndikoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira yokhazikitsira kapangidwe ka chitsulo cha beam-column pa makoma a PV. Chifukwa cha kuuma kwake kochepa mbali, pamene kutalika kwa kapangidwe kapena malo kuli kwakukulu, zitsulo zolumikizira mbali ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa kuti zipange kapangidwe ka chimango chothandizira. Kapangidwe ka chitsulo ndi zinthu zoyikidwa m'malo mwake nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga kapangidwe kosakanikirana pakupanga khoma la photovoltaic lalitali, lomwe lingathandize kuti kapangidwe konse kakhale kotsutsana ndi mbali pomwe kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa chitsulo chofunikira ndikuchepetsa mtengo wonse.
4. Kukhazikitsa zida zatsopano zothandizira mphamvu ya dzuwa zopangidwa ndi khoma lopyapyala lopangidwa ndi dzuwa:
1). Thandizo lamphamvu la dzuwa lopangidwa ndi khoma lopyapyala lopangidwa ndi khoma lozizira la ziwalo za kapangidwe ka chitsulo limapangidwa mufakitale pogwiritsa ntchito zolumikizira zosiyanasiyana zosakanikirana ndi chitsulo-pulasitiki. Pali mitundu ingapo ya zolumikizira zosakanikirana ndi chitsulo-pulasitiki zomwe zingagwirizane ndi mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana yoyikira.
2). Thandizo latsopano la mphamvu ya dzuwa lopangidwa ndi khoma lopyapyala lozizira ndi lopepuka kulemera kwake ndipo lili ndi mabowo ambiri omangira. Kawirikawiri, Independent Foundation ndiye maziko oyamba, ndipo mtengo wolumikizira wa konkire wolimbikitsidwa umawonjezeredwa ngati pakufunika. Maziko a strip kapena Cross Foundations angagwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo omwe ali ndi nyengo yoipa, koma Maziko a Raft ayenera kupewedwa momwe angathere. Maziko a mizati yapamwamba onse ali ndi hinge, pomwe zigawo zomangidwira zimakhala maziko a mizati kapena mabotolo omangidwira omwe ali mu konkire yosalowa madzi. Mitundu yonseyi ndi yosavuta kukonza, yosavuta kumanga, komanso yolumikizidwa bwino.
